1、oracle 常用命令大汇总典藏之作: oracle 常用命令大汇总第一章：日志管理 1.forcing log switches sql alter system switch logfile; 2.forcing checkpoints sql alter system checkpoint; 3.adding online redo log groups sql alter database add logfile group 4 sql (/disk3/log4a.rdo,/disk4/log4b.rdo) size 1m; 4.adding online redo log membe
2、rs sql alter database add logfile member sql /disk3/log1b.rdo to group 1, sql /disk4/log2b.rdo to group 2; 5.changes the name of the online redo logfile sql alter database rename file c:/oracle/oradata/oradb/redo01.log sql to c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log; 6.drop online redo log groups sql alter data
3、base drop logfile group 3; 7.drop online redo log members sql alter database drop logfile member c:/oracle/oradata/redo01.log; 8.clearing online redo log files sql alter database clear unarchived logfile c:/oracle/log2a.rdo; 9.using logminer analyzing redo logfiles a. in the init.ora specify utl_fil
4、e_dir = b. sql execute dbms_logmnr_d.build(oradb.ora,c:oracleoradblog); c. sql execute dbms_logmnr_add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo01.log, sql dbms_logmnr.new); d. sql execute dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(c:oracleoradataoradbredo02.log, sql dbms_logmnr.addfile); e. sql execute dbms_logmnr.start_logmn
5、r(dictfilename=c:oracleoradblogoradb.ora); f. sql select * from v$logmnr_contents(v$logmnr_dictionary,v$logmnr_parameters sql v$logmnr_logs); g. sql execute dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr; 第二章：表空间管理 1.create tablespaces sql create tablespace tablespace_name datafile c:oracleoradatafile1.dbf size 100m, sql c
6、:oracleoradatafile2.dbf size 100m minimum extent 550k logging/nologging sql default storage (initial 500k next 500k maxextents 500 pctinccease 0) sql online/offline permanent/temporary extent_management_clause 2.locally managed tablespace sql create tablespace user_data datafile c:oracleoradatauser_
7、data01.dbf sql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 3.temporary tablespace sql create temporary tablespace temp tempfile c:oracleoradatatemp01.dbf sql size 500m extent management local uniform size 10m; 4.change the storage setting sql alter tablespace app_data minimum extent 2m; sql
8、alter tablespace app_data default storage(initial 2m next 2m maxextents 999); 5.taking tablespace offline or online sql alter tablespace app_data offline; sql alter tablespace app_data online; 6.read_only tablespace sql alter tablespace app_data read only|write; 7.droping tablespace sql drop tablesp
9、ace app_data including contents; 8.enableing automatic extension of data files sql alter tablespace app_data add datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data01.dbfsize 200m sql autoextend on next 10m maxsize 500m; 9.change the size fo data files manually sql alter database datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbfre
10、size 200m; 10.Moving data files: alter tablespace sql alter tablespace app_data rename datafile c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf sql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf; 11.moving data files:alter database sql alter database rename file c:oracleoradataapp_data.dbf sql to c:oracleapp_data.dbf; 第三章：表 1.create a table
11、sql create table table_name (column datatype,column datatype.) sql tablespace tablespace_name pctfree integer pctused integer sql initrans integer maxtrans integer sql storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) sql logging|nologging cache|nocache 2.copy an existing table sql create
12、table table_name logging|nologging as subquery 3.create temporary table sql create global temporary table xay_temp as select * from xay; on commit preserve rows/on commit delete rows 4.pctfree = (average row size - initial row size) *100 /average row size pctused = 100-pctfree- (average row size*100
13、/available data space) 5.change storage and block utilization parameter sql alter table table_name pctfree=30 pctused=50 storage(next 500k sql minextents 2 maxextents 100); 6.manually allocating extents sql alter table table_name allocate extent(size 500k datafile c:/oracle/data.dbf); 7.move tablesp
14、ace sql alter table employee move tablespace users; 8.deallocate of unused space sql alter table table_name deallocate unused keep integer 9.truncate a table sql truncate table table_name; 10.drop a table sql drop table table_name cascade constraints; 11.drop a column sql alter table table_name drop
15、 column comments cascade constraints checkpoint 1000; alter table table_name drop columns continue; 12.mark a column as unused sql alter table table_name set unused column comments cascade constraints; alter table table_name drop unused columns checkpoint 1000; alter table orders drop columns contin
16、ue checkpoint 1000 data_dictionary : dba_unused_col_tabs 第四章：索引 1.creating function-based indexes sql create index summit.item_quantity on summit.item(quantity-quantity_shipped); 2.create a B-tree index sql create unique index index_name on table_name(column,. asc/desc) tablespace sql tablespace_nam
17、e pctfree integer initrans integer maxtrans integer sql logging | nologging nosort storage(initial 200k next 200k pctincrease 0 sql maxextents 50); 3.pctfree(index)=(maximum number of rows-initial number of rows)*100/maximum number of rows 4.creating reverse key indexes sql create unique index xay_i
18、d on xay(a) reverse pctfree 30 storage(initial 200k sql next 200k pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 5.create bitmap index sql create bitmap index xay_id on xay(a) pctfree 30 storage( initial 200k next 200k sql pctincrease 0 maxextents 50) tablespace indx; 6.change storage parameter of in
19、dex sql alter index xay_id storage (next 400k maxextents 100); 7.allocating index space sql alter index xay_id allocate extent(size 200k datafile c:/oracle/index.dbf); 8.alter index xay_id deallocate unused; 第五章：约束 1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql alter session set constraints = imm
20、ediate/deferred/default; set constraints constraint_name/all immediate/deferred; 2. sql drop table table_name cascade constraints sql drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints 3. define constraints while create a table sql create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id
21、primary key deferrable sql using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check 4.enable constraints sql alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id; 5.enable constraints sql alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id; 第六章：LOA
22、D数据 1.loading data using direct_load insert sql insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql select * from emp_old; 2.parallel direct-load insert sql alter session enable parallel dml; sql insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql select * from emp_old; 3.using sql*loader sql sqlldr scott/ti
23、ger sql control = ulcase6.ctl sql log = ulcase6.log direct=true 第七章：reorganizing data 1.using expoty $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y 2.using import $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y 3.transporting a tablespace sqlalte
24、r tablespace sales_ts read only; $exp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts triggers=n constraints=n $copy datafile $imp sys/. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 /sles02.dbf) sql alter tablespace sales_ts read write; 4.checking transport s
25、et sql DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =sales_ts .,incl_constraints=true); 在表transport_set_violations 中查看 sql dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是， 表示自包含 第八章： managing password security and resources 1.controlling account lock and password sql alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock;
26、2.user_provided password function sql function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), old_password in varchar2(30) return boolean 3.create a profile : password setting sql create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 sql password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 sqlpa
27、ssword_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function sql password_grace_time 5; 4.altering a profile sql alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 sql password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10; 5.drop a profile sql drop profile grace_5 cascade; 6.create a profile : resource limit sql
28、 create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 sql cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480; 7. view = resource_cost : alter resource cost dba_Users,dba_profiles 8. enable resource limits sql alter system set resource_limit=true; 第九章：Managing users 1.create a user: database authentication sql create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users sql temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire sql account lock|unlock profile profilename|default; 2.change
