1、新概念英语第三册笔记第30课Lesson 30 The death of a ghost 幽灵之死 New words and expression 生词和短语Labourer leb()r n.劳动者（工人）（劳工）- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。Workman n.技工, 工匠 - 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人worker n.工人（泛指）- 具有更高水平的工人- white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者) - blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者)- a factory worker 工厂工人 / farm worker 雇农
2、, 农业工人Manual worker mental workerfarmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm labourers = farm workerlabour n. 1、劳动（尤指体力劳动）（可以以复数形式出现labours. （very hard work, usually physical work） 2、(总称) 劳工 3、工作（任务task；（一段时间的）工作period of work） 4、分娩 (分娩期；分娩；生产)Her labour had lasted ten hours vi 1、艰苦劳动、干苦力活 2、艰难的工作、吃力地行进 move with
3、difficulty3、+to do 艰苦地做；吃力地做 If youlabour todo something, you do it with difficultylabour force n. 劳动力surplus labour 【政治经济学】剩余劳动(力) , 【经济学】剩余劳动 s:pls n. 剩余；贸易 顺差；盈余；过剩 adj. 剩余的；过剩的labour party (劳)工党 Conservative party保守党 Democratic party 民主党 Republican party 共和党division of labour 分工labour union n. 美
4、工会conserve vt. 1、节省；节约 2、保护；保存；保藏 to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed n. 果酱；蜜饯Conserve的“保持、保存”有两种含义，第一种含义含有为了节约而保护、保存的意思，例如：You can set the temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy. 你可以把温度设置成26摄氏度以节约资源。第二种含有为了让某事物（一般指自然资源）不被改变或者不被破坏而保护、保存的意思，例如：Gover
5、nment should enforce laws to conserve wildlife animals in this area. 政府应该实施法律保护这个地区的野生动物。preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎 n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品；Preserve的“保持、保存”也有两种含义，第一种含义有维护、保持（a situation or condition）某种状态、质量、权利的意思，例如：She believed its the most important thing to preserve her reputation. 她认为维护自己的名声是最重要的事情。p
6、reserve peace维护和平。the preservation of the status维持现状。第二种含义有保留、保藏且维护以不被破坏或者维持现状的意思，常常用作被动语态，例如：The ancient vase was preserved well by the archaeologists. 这个古代花瓶被考古学家保存得很好。reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区；预备队；金融 储备金 vt. 储备；保留；预约 vi. 预订Reserve有“预定”的意思，即主动去要求“保留”，例如：Id like to reserve a room tonight. 我想预定一个今晚的房间。
7、Reserve还常用作被动语态，表示为了留给后面的人或者为以后的使用而“保留、保存”，例如：The refreshments are reserved for the guests. 这些点心是留给客人的。Reserve还能表示“拥有、保留、保持”权利和意见的意思，例如很多出版物上都会标有“All rights reserved”，意思是“版权所有”。简单来区分的话，conserve强调保护自然资源和节约资源，preserve强调不被改变和破坏，reserve强调留着备用。Overnight adv.一夜期间Overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜
8、, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上Adj&adv 突然地；突然地 （由“一夜间”引申出）- an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 / an overnight guest 过夜的客人overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的over+动词（over表示超过）overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电overest
9、imate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高Hay he n.干草 (作饲料用的) 干草) vt把(青草、苜蓿等)制成干草 固化短语：If you say that someone is making hay or is making hay while the sun shines 晒草要趁好太阳; 抓紧时机Corn k:n n.谷物、谷粒 - Corn n.英谷物, 五谷, 小麦 美、加、澳玉米 苏、爱燕麦 wheat wi:t小麦 barleyb:li 大麦 rice水稻 cereal燕麦大麦就不是了，它的植株比小麦要高，麦芒长，穗宽而短，不太高产。出的面粉面筋较多发粘。大麦在过去多用作饲
10、料。因为玉米产量比打麦高很多，并且和小麦轮作（麦收种玉米，玉米收过种小麦）大麦与小麦同季节，所以现在很少重大麦。谷物一词的辨析grain gren 指稻、麦等谷类及其粒子。crop krp 指谷物或果类等一年或一季的收成，也可指地里的农业作物或谷物。（农作物、庄稼）corn 主要指大麦、小麦、燕麦、裸麦、玉蜀黍这5种谷物及其粒子。Moonlight n.月光 月光男孩 2017年奥斯卡最佳影片Conscientious ,knens adj.认真的 修饰人Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly
11、Conscientious adj.认真的，尽责的, 有心的（凭良心的）, 自觉的（谨慎的）- a conscientious worker 勤勤恳恳的工作者conscious adj.有意识的, 神志清醒的 unconscious- He is hurt but still conscious. 他受了伤, 不过神志还清醒。conscious adj.了解的, 察觉的- She was not conscious of his presence in the room. 她不晓得他在这房间里。- I was conscious of her presence. 我知道她在场。conscien
12、ce 良知、良心Suspect v.怀疑 动词读作sspkt。名词和形容词读作sspktv. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯 adj. 靠不住的；可疑的Suspect sth - I suspected her motives. 我怀疑她的动机。Suspect sb to be - suspect him to be ill 猜想他病了 - I suspect him to be a spy.suspect sb of doing/n - I suspect him of stealing the car.- suspect sb. of giving false information 怀疑某人提
13、供假情报- suspect sb. of a crime 怀疑某人犯罪Suspect that- We suspect theyll be a little late. 我们揣想他们会晚来一会儿。Suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑Suspicious adj.可疑的, 引起怀疑的 - Cats are suspicious of human beings.Suspect表示一种肯定的语义, Doubt 表示一种否定的语义Doubt vt.怀疑, 不信, 拿不准（用 that, 往往表示非常怀疑）- I doubt that he will come. 我看他不见得会来。- I doubt w
14、hether if he is at home. 我看他不一定在家。- I do not doubt (but) that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。- I doubt what he said. 我不相信他说的话。Doubtful adj.怀疑的；不信任的- It is doubtful that he will come.Doubtable adj.可疑的, 令人怀疑的Desert v.（军队中）开小差 (for v.) dzt; (for n.) deztV-T&V-I If someone deserts, or deserts a job, espec
15、ially a job in the armed forces, they leave that job without permission. 开小差 （不及物时用介词from, desert from）- The soldier deserted his army. 这个士兵开小差。Desert .遗弃, 抛弃, 舍弃（= abandon vt.放弃, 遗弃;违背法律、道义、责任、信仰- desert the army, desert school, desert his duty, desert his familyAbandon vt.抛弃, 舍弃, 离弃（被迫放弃所喜爱的或所负责的东
16、西）especially when you should not do so- abandon ones home 离弃家园- He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.（research n.研究, 调查）Forsake fsek vt.( 过去式 forsook 过去分词 forsaken ) 舍弃, 放弃, 背弃 文学性对象一般是亲人或关系亲密的人，或者是摒弃某种行为文学性；eg革除(旧风习等), 抛弃(坏习惯)- He forsook his family.- He has forsaken his wife an
17、d children. 他遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。- You must forsake your bad habits. 你必须革除你的坏习惯。Discard dsk:d vt.放弃, 丢弃, 抛弃（= give up as useless）If you discard something, you get rid of it because you no longer want it or need it. 丢弃- Everyday we discard a large amount of rubbish.Regiment n.（军队）团 （引申出量词，一大批） redm()ntbrigade
18、 旅 division师 Squad班（小队） platoonpltu:n排 company连 battalion 营btlngroup army 集团军Action n.战斗 auction :k()n vt. 拍卖；竞卖n. 拍卖Active adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的 n. 主动语态；积极分子Activate vt. usu passive 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性 vi. 激活；有活力Initiate vt. 启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授） n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者Motive n. 动机，目的；主题 adj. 发动的；成为动机的
19、 vt. 使产生动机，激起Motivate v. 刺激，使有动机，激励/激发的积极性；成为的动机；（激起某种行为）Recluse rklu:s n.隐士 n. 隐士；隐居者 adj. 隐居的远离【世界】，过着【隔绝】生活，“常常”是【独处】。 - 不一定是【宗教信仰】的原因，不一定是独处（也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活）；recluse的第2个含义，才是指修行者，和上面hermit同。reclusive rklusv adj. 隐居的；隐遁的hermit hmt n. （尤指宗教原因的）隐士，隐居者；蜂鸟强调的是远离【社会】，因【宗教信仰】而【独处】的修行的人。还有些小的区别：recluse只用
20、于人，而hermit 可指动物的独居习性；give up 放弃, 抛弃, 认输labour n.劳动, 劳力, 劳工 v.劳动, 苦干cowshed n.牛棚, 牛舍oblige blad vt.迫使, 责成词根： obligeadj. obliged 必须的；感激的；有责任的obligate 有责任的，有义务的；必需的obliging 乐于助人的；有礼貌的；体贴的；亲切的obligated 有义务的；责无旁贷的n. obligation 义务；职责；债务obliger 施惠与人者v. obliged 要求；约束；施恩惠（oblige的过去分词）obliging 迫使；约束（oblige的现在
21、分词）vt. obligate 使负义务；强使，强迫；对施以恩惠动词oblige和obligate词形词义均相似，但oblige表示“迫使（某人做某事）”force sb to do sth,常用作被动语态；而obligate表示“（法律或道义）强迫“（某人做某事）”oblige or bind legally or morally,可用作主动语态或被动语态。 例句： She was obliged to go out to work when her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她不得不出去工作。 They were obliged to sell their house in
22、order to pay their debbts. 为了还债，他们不得不卖掉房子。 The law obligates a fater to support his children. 法律规定父亲有抚养其子女的义务。 He felt obligated to vist his parents. 他觉得有义务去看望父母。1 It never occurred to them that 他们从来没有想到过2 penalty（n.处罚, 罚款）= punishment（n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处）desertion dzn n.丢掉, 遗弃, 逃亡, 开小差3 outbreak n.(战争的)爆发
23、, (疾病的)发作 bury vt.埋葬, 掩埋, 隐藏4 army life = life in the army 军队生活 school life = life in the school 学校生活9 with time 随着时间的推移at the time 当时, 在那个时候 on time adv.准时 at times adv.有时, 不时10 recruit rkrut vt. vi.招募，招收（新兵等） - to recruit new police officers 招募新的警官吸收（新成员） - to recruit some new members 吸收新成员conscri
24、pt knskrpt n.被征入伍者，被征入伍的士兵 vt.征募, 征兵, 征召（美语用draft）- He was conscript into the army.Regiment n.团, 大群 v.把.编组, 把.编成团, 管辖Regiment n.军团- The regiment was ordered to the front. 这个团被调往前线。（常与of连用）大群；大量- a regiment of ducks 一大群鸭子Regiment vt.管辖, 严格控制- Modern children dont like being regimented. 现代的儿童不喜欢受严格的控制
25、。11 hermit n.隐士, 隐居者12 realizing = become aware of never realizing = quite unaware ofText 课文Why did the two brothers keep the secret For years, villagers believed that Endley Farm was haunted.Haunt vt. 1、闹鬼；（鬼魂常出没于）2、(令人不愉快的事) 萦绕在心头，长期不断地纠缠- It is said that the public house was haunted.Haunt vt.常去,
26、常到（某地）= visit somewhere every often- He haunted this cinema.The farm was owned by two brothers, Joe and Bob Cox.Own = possessThey employed a few farmhands, but no one was willing to work there long.Be willing to do = be ready to doEvery time a worker gave up his job, he told the same story.Every tim
27、e = whenever 引导时间状语从句- Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.= Whenever I listen to his advice, I get into trouble.Farm labourers said that they always woke up to find that work had been done overnight.Wake up to find that 醒过来时, 结果发现- He woke up to find that he was surrounded by a la
28、rge crowd of people. - He hurried to the post office only to find that it was shut.（表示遗憾的结果用only）Hay had been cut and cowsheds had been cleaned. A farm worker, who stayed up all night,claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. claimed to do- He claimed to have seen the puma.- Seame
29、n claimed to have seen monsters.See sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事Who引导非限定定语从句（lesson 08）- These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at Saint Bernard Monastery.stay up 不睡觉, 留在原地，原地不动（= not to go to bed）= sit up 坐起, 端坐, 熬夜- The boy sat up to see the film.Wait up f
30、or 等候着不睡- Dont wait up for me; Ill be home very late.burn the midnight oil 开夜车- I have to burn the midnight oil to tonight to complete work.In time, it became an accepted fact that the Cox brothers employed a conscientious ghostthat did most of their work for them.In time 最终，最后, 终于 =at last=at lengt
31、hIt became an accepted fact that 变成了一个大家都接受的事实That引导同位语从句, 补充说明fact。- It becomes an accepted fact that the puma is still at large. = Everybody had already accepted the fact that the puma is still at large.Ghost 1、幽灵 2、阴魂 (指对坏事的记忆)holy ghost n. 宗圣灵ghost of a 丝毫，微量，一点儿(常在否定句中与 chance，idea 连用，或与 smile连用) ghost story 鬼故事，神怪小说ghost town 鬼镇；废弃的城市ghost image 鬼像；
