1、现在分词用法归纳v-ing用法（一）-作主语和宾语v.-ing形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。1v.-ing形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表：时态语态主动语态被动语态一般时doingbeing done完成时having donehaving been doneE.g. She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。 He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.2v.-ing形式的复合结构 （1）物主代词或名词所有格与v.-ing形式构成逻辑上的主谓关
2、系。形容词性物主代词+doing 名词s+doing代词宾格+doing 名词+doingE.g. Marys being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。（2）v.-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用两种形式；作宾语时， 四种形式都可以。E.g. Do you mind me coming late for the film? 你介意我看电影来迟了吗？3. v.-ing作主语（1）v.-ing直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。Collecting stamps is a good ho
3、bby. 集邮是很好的爱好。（2）v.-ing在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。E.g. It is no use complaining; he cant understand you.（3）v.-ing在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。E.g. It is useless speaking.（4）v.-ing 形式短语用作主语时，常常
4、由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。 E.g. Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。（5）v.-ing形式和to do不定式作主语的区别：一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用v.-ing形式；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。E.g. To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。 Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。 4. v.-ing 作宾语（1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾
5、语。这样的动词有：escape 逃避；enjoy 喜欢；admit 承认；practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏； finish 完成；prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；consider考虑；forgive 宽恕； imagine 想象；risk 冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；miss错过；suggest 建议；propose建议；pardon 原谅；permit 允许；advise建议 I suggest buying the book.（2）有些动词短语后也要求跟v.-ing 作宾语，这样的动词短语有：cant stand 忍
6、不住； cant help 情不自禁；feel like 想，欲； put off 推迟 E.g. Do you feel like taking a walk? 你要不要去散步？After reading the joke, I cant help laughing.（3）v.-ing 常跟在介词后作介词的宾语。这样的短语有：instead of 代替，而不是；look forward to 期盼，盼望；be good at; dream of; be interested in; insist on; set about; adapt to 适应；be used to 适应；devote.
7、 to.; care about; E.g. We are looking forward to receiving your letter.I will go shopping instead of staying at home.（4）下列动词可用v.-ing形式，也可用不定式作宾语，意义区别不大。如begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, hate, intend等。E.g. Price will continue to rise/rising. They began to make /making their study plan.他们开始
8、制定学习计划。（5）有一类动词（短语）既可接.-ing 也可接不定式，但意义区别较大。 remember / regret / forget to do. 记着/ 遗憾/忘记要做remember / regret / forget doing. 记着/ 遗憾/忘记已经做了 try to do. 尽力去做 mean to do.打算、意欲去做try doing. 试着去做 mean doing.意味着 stop to do.停下来去做另一件事cant help doing. 禁不住做 stop doing . 停止正在做的事 cant help to do.不能帮着做（6）在“have diff
9、iculty (trouble, a problem, a hard time, fun, a good time.) in +v.-ing ; be busy (in) v.-ing; waste time(in) +v.-ing; spend + time/ money (in)+ doing; There is no point(in) + v.-ing”等结构中，v.-ing 作介词宾语，in常常要省去。 E.g. The children are busy playing their game. I have some difficulty in finishing the work
10、 in only one day.（7）用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在后面。主语+ think/ consider/ find/ feel like/ . + it + no use / useless/ no good/ .+doing E.g. I think it good getting up early in the morning. I found it useless (no use) arguing about it.5. v.-ing 的被动式（1）动词need，require，want，deserve后，用v.-ing 的主动形式表示被动意义。其用法相当于不定式的被动结
11、构。E.g. The watch needs mending. = The watch needs to be mended.（2）be worth 后面只能用v.-ing 的主动形式来表示被动意义。E.g. The book is worth reading.v.-ing 用法（二）-v.-ing 作定语、表语和宾语补足语v.-ing 包括两类：动名词和现在分词。它们形式一样，但是功能完全不同。 动名词：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 现在分词：作表语、定语、状语、补语1. v.-ing 作定语v.-ing 形式可以当成动名词和现在分词，都可以作定语。（1）动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能和用途。
12、被修饰名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用“名词+for+动名词”来表达；动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a washing machine = a maching for washing 洗衣机 a dancing hall = a hall for dancing 舞厅（2）现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或者动作；被修饰的名词和现在分词在
13、逻辑上有主谓关系，可换成定语从句来表达。单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。 a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 一个正在睡觉的男孩 a drinking horse = a horse which is drinking 一匹正在饮水的马an moving story = a story which moves people 一个动人的故事a terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies people 一阵可怕的声音The girl swimming in
14、 the river (= who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing. 在河里游泳的那个小女孩舞跳得很好。注：如果被修饰的名词是不定代词时，即使是单个现在分词作定语，也要放在不定代词之后。（3）下列情况不能使用v.-ing 作定语，必须使用定语从句：作定语的现在分词表示动作与主语谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。E.g. The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(误) The professor who came here yesterday will g
15、ive us a lecture.现在分词的完成时一般只用来作状语，不作定语。E.g. The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(误) The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(正)（4）现在分词短语作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 E.g. The sleeping boy is my aunts son.（表示动作正在进行） 动名词短语作定
16、语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途，并不存在逻辑上的诸位关系。E.g. Can you tell me where the waiting room is ? 过去分词短语作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。E.g. The book written by him is very famous.不定式短语作定语表示将来的动作。E.g. He said he had an important meeting to attend. 他说他有各重要的会议要参加。2. v.-ing作表语（1）动名词和现在分词都可以作表语。动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。
17、表语和主语常可互换位置。E.g. Her job is teaching children to dance.（2）现在分词作表语，相当于形容词，说明主语的性质，它与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，意思为“令人的”。E.g. He was amusing. 他很有趣。 The situation is encouraging. 形式令人鼓舞。能这样使用的常见的现在分词还有： charming，disappointing，interesting，exciting，puzzling，shocking，surprising，frightening等。（3）动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作；不定式作表语表
18、示一次具体的动作或者将要发生的事。E.g. His hobby is painting. 他的爱好是画画。（一般性的动作） Today what he wants to do is to paint. 今天他要做的事是画画。（具体的动作） His wish is to become an artist. 他的愿望是成为一名艺术家。（将要发生的事）3. v.-ing 作宾语补足语v.-ing 跟在宾语后面，对其进行补充和说明，因此称为宾语补足语，通常称为“宾补”。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。这时的形式是现在分词，它与宾语是逻辑上的主动关系，表示的是正在进行的动作。E.g. I saw him g
19、oing upstairs.We watched her crossing the street.We heard her singing in her room.常见的后面可以接宾语补足语的动词有：（1） 表示感觉和心理状态的词：see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, feel, smell, listen to, catch（碰巧发现），observe等。（2） 使役动词：set，keep，have，get，leave，make等。（3） 有些动词（词组）: regard，describe，accept，think of，look on等之后，可有as引出
20、动词ing形式作宾补。 E.g. They describe the cartoon as being attractive. 他们描述说这个动画片很吸引人。v.-ing 用法（三）-v.-ing作状语现在分词作状语1. 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。它的各种形式变化：主动形式被动形式一般式v.-ingbeing v.-ed(不作状语)完成式having v.-edhaving been v.-ed如果表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，就用现在分词的一般式，如果先于谓语动词的动作发生，就使用其完成时态。E.g.
21、 Carrying a full basket of fruits, he entered the room.Having bought everything she needs, she left the supermarket.2. 现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或者整个句子，表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。(1) 作时间状语。 v.-ing 形式所表示的动词已经发生，谓语动词表示的动作随之发生，可用现在分词短语作状语。E.g. Hearing the exciting news, the boy jumped for joy.现在分词表示的动作在进行的过程中美味与动词发
22、生了，此时可以使用现在分词短语作状语，但有时在它的前面加上when或者while。 E.g. Listening to the music, he feels excited. = when he listens to the music, he feels excited. While playing the piano, she got very happy.现在分词短语的动作完成之后，谓语动词表示的动作才发生没用v.-ing的完成时作状语。E.g. We are ready for the examination, having made full preparations. 我们已经能
23、够做好了充分的准备，现在可以应考了。(2) 作原因壮语。 现在分词做原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。E.g. Living far from my company, I have to get up early every morning. E.g. Being exhausted, the man fell on the ground and slept.=Because the man was exhausted, he fell on the ground and slept.现在分词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之
24、前发生，用完成式。Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.(3) 表示方式、伴随情况的状语。现在分词短语表示方式或伴随比较常用，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以转换为并列句。E.g. They went to the cinema, laughing and talking.Following the old man, these children finally got out of the forest.(4) 作结果状语。 现在分词短
25、语作结果状语，通常放在句末，中间有逗号。有时为了突出结果，分词前带有thus。E.g. The big earthquake happened in May near the small village, killing about 1000 people.（5）作条件状语。现在分词有时表示一中假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句，这种情况下，也在短语前加上if 或unless，使条件更明显。E.g.Talking his advice, you will solve the problem easily. = If you take his advice, you will solve the
26、 problem easily. Working hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.（6）作让步壮语。现在分词作让步状语时，相当于一个让步壮语从句，有时分词短语前也可带有连词although，whether，even if，even though。E.g. Knowing all this, I still want to see it for myself. Working hard as he did, he still couldnt secceed.（7）现在分词做评论性状语有些惯用分词短语在句子里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往
27、作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。Generally speaking 一般来说 broadly speaking 广义上说Strictly speaking 严格说来 personally speaking 就个人而言Frankly speaking 坦率地说 judging from/ by 由判断Providing 如果 supposing 如果E.g. Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning. Judging from his accent, he must be from America.
