1、高考专题训练任务型阅读 2014届高考专题训练任务型阅读任务型阅读是根据普通高中课程标准（实验）提出的“优化学习方式，提高自主学习能力”的理念设计的，旨在考查考生根据学习任务的需要“用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力”。该题型要求考生在阅读所给语言材料的基础上对相关信息进行加工，在读透文章、把握主题、理清文脉和审清题意的基础上以完成表格或图表的形式完成相关文字表达的任务。一、文脉导引细节理解类 二、主题概括同意转述类任务型阅读：请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Have you ever wondered why t
2、here are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a persons skin color. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or
3、her skin will be. The amount of and the production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with less sunlight, a persons body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.Skin color is also affected by another s
4、ource - vitamin D. humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a darkskinned person will produce less vitamin D than a lightskinned person when
5、 they received the same amount of sunlight. The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could
6、 get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people living in areas with strong sunlight like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little su
7、nlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D. Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our mela
8、nin production, and eventually, skin color. A World of Skin Color Brief 1 People living in a particular 2 usually have the same skin color and there are many different skin colors in the world.Reason for skin color The reasons for different skin colors mainly 3 in biology and history.Biology reasons
9、 The amount of melanin, by which a persons skin color is 4 , varies from people to people. The more melanin a person has, the 5 his or her skin will be. Vitamin D is another source 6 skin color. Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones. Sunlight contributes to vitamin D in the skin. Historic
10、al reasons The earliest people in Africa dad dark skin with hair covering it because the sunlight is very strong. When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to 7 vitamin D, their skin color became lighter. Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker
11、skin 8 people in other areas have lighter skin. 9 Melanin 10 an important role in our skin color. With our living environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to the changes in our skin color.江苏高考任务型阅读解题的有效性- 表格式：一、审题：1、审题目要求。 、是否可用文中的词填写。 、弄清字数限制。此任务阅读限定每个空格只填一个词；对是否用文中的词填写没有限制即
12、可用文中的词。2、审任务设置类型。、 表格式。（结构常为对比陈述；通常分左右栏，左栏为文章提纲右栏文章细节。）此短文设置表格任务型。左栏为文章提纲：brief introduction、reasons、biology reasons、 historical reasons、conclusion；右栏为支撑每一topic的细节。、 树状式。（结构常为先总后分；通常分上下框，上框为topic sentences,下框为supporting sentences。）二、阅读：1. 读图表。（快速浏览，了解短文的写作提纲。）浏览图表，了解：topic sentence 1 details topic s
13、entence 2 details 2. 读短文。、快读：快速浏览全文，抓住文章主题，同时结合图表，洞悉文章结构。Paragraph 1 Topic sentence 1 、细读：仔细阅读，获取充分信息，查出答题的对应信息点。第一空paragraph 1归纳结构类词；第二空对应信息点为why people living in particular areas usually have;第三空对应信息点为biology and history are the two reasons for this,要求学同义转换; 第四空对应信息点为which determines a persons ski
14、n color; 第五空对应信息点为by producing more melanin, making the skin darker; 第六空对应信息点为skin color is also affected by another sourcevitamin D; 第七空对应信息点为 a darkskinned person will produce less; 第八空对应信息点为 having darker skin, while people ; 第九空对应信息点为paragraph 5 归纳结构类词；第十空对应信息点为 had melanin determine our skin co
15、lor.三、答题。1. 结构类的词： 、 熟记常见结构类词汇。归纳掌握常见的表达文章结构的概括性词汇：introduction(导入)、cause/reason(原因)、advantage(优点)、disadvantage(不足)、attitude(态度)、result/effect/consequence(结果)、suggestion/advice/tip(建议)、及dos和donts等。、 确定答案。、联系图表左栏的上下栏，确定用词及词的形式。（大小写、单复数、动词+ing等）、联系图表左栏与之相对应的右栏的细节，归纳结构类用词和词的形式。 （大小写、单复数、动词+ing等2. 细节类的词
16、：、明确信息点。细读文章，明确答题的相应信息点在文中的具体位置，确定用词后归纳用词。、上下前后。、对照短文中的信息点，联系图表右栏的上下栏目，确定词（文中原词或归纳的词的形式。 （大小写、单复数、动词+ing等）、对照短文中的信息点，联系所填词的前后，确定用词（文中原词或归纳的词）的形式。敲定答案。根据短文信息点，联系填空上下前后，敲定答案。第一空 introduction；第九空conclusion，联系图表上下前后开头字母大写、单数。第二空信息点为areas, 联系前后搭配 a 故用area; 第三空同义转换 are lie; 第四空信息点为 which determines, 联系前后搭
17、配 color is 转换为determined; 第五空信息点为 making the skin darker,故用darker;第六空信息点为 is also affected by,联系前后句子结构故用affecting做后置定语。第七空信息点为 will produce less vitamin联系前后 to, 故用原型produce。 第八空信息点为 skin, while people living in other , 故用while。第十空信息点为 had melanin determine our 联系前后搭配故用plays。四、检查。检查单词的拼写、大小写、单复数、时态、语
18、态等。introduction area lie determined darker affecting produce while Conclusion plays实例分析： Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations(调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiment
19、s are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone. Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group i
20、s assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience. What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task a
21、mong all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference. Activities like investig
22、ations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns doing variou
23、s tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members. When there is research to be
24、 done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g.,
25、photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. M
26、ost important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement. After youve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the teams effectiveness the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. TitleWorking TogetherThemeEffective performance needs highly c
27、ooperated (71) .General rulesKeep an open mind to everyones (72) .Divide the group task among group members.(73) and trust each other.(74) Understand and agree to the (75) task of ones own.Take turns doing various tasks.Show concern for others to ensure safety.Take (76) for ones own learning.Compare
28、 your own observations with those of others.Explore an issueBreak the (77) into several areas.Keep records of the sources just in (78) .(79) your information with others via proper format.Make all decisions by compromise and agreement.(80) EffectivenessAnalyze the strengths and weaknesses.Find out t
29、he opportunities and challenges.语篇解读 本文重在讲述如何使团队协作更为有效地进行。第一段概述团队协作在科学研究中的意义；第二、三段联系学生实际引出同学间团队协作的三个规则；第四、五段提出调查研究类活动中如何进行有效协作；最后一段讲述如何对团队协作的有效性进行评估。答案与剖析71答案 teamwork 剖析这是对全文的高度概括，文中第一段的中心句即第一句“Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym.”也给予了较为明显的暗示。72答案 id
30、eas/opinions/views/thoughts 剖析 由文中第三段第一句“What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.”可知。注意：名词单复数的变化。73答案 Support/Encourage/Back 剖析 由文中第三段最后两句“Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encoura
31、ge each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.”可知。注意：根据表格中的行文规律，这里是祈使语气，应用动词原形且须大写，与上两行“Keep, Divide”相一致。74答案Suggestions 剖析由文中第四段中心句，即该段第二句“Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities.”可知。此外，表格中对应的右边一格正是suggestions的具体内容。注意：名词的单复数变化和大、小写。75答案 given/assigned 剖析 由第三段第三行“Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her，”可知。注意：这里可以使用given的同意词assigned“分配”。76答案 responsibility 剖析由文中第四段倒数第三行“be responsible for your own learning,”可知。注意：这里根据表格内的表达方式
