1、届高考英语词汇精选精练一原创 整理 详解2010届高考英语词汇精选精练（一）【原创+整理+详解】1Experience is a great _ when youre looking for a job. A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantageDadvantage. 阅历在找工作时是一项优势（advantage）。本题易误选B。2Like it or not there is always _ of one kind or another in our daily life in this competitive society. A
2、. pressure B. reputation C. standard D. permissionA pressure。名词辨析。不管你喜欢不喜欢，在当今竞争社会里，我们日常生活中总是存在着各种各样的压力。Pressure“压力”；reputation“名誉”；standard“标准”；permission“允许”，根据句意，A正确。3Although it is not our normal _ to give credit in our shop, this time I think we should consider the matter more closely. A. habit
3、 B. practice C. action D. intentionBpractice。 practice指长期形成的“做法，规则”。4A successful scientist needs _ if he wants to make hypothesis（假设）of how process works and how events take place. A. permission B. instruction C. imagination D. conventionC imagination想象。permission许可,允许；instruction命令，说明；convention惯例
4、，常规。5Much _, I think, should be paid to your English study so that you can pass the examination successfully.A. influence B. heart C. approach D. attentionD. attention。 根据句子意思,此处用attention构成pay attention to短语,表示“注意”6You must try some of her home-made wine. Its quite an unforgettable _. A. entertainm
5、ent B. experience C. adventure D. addictionB 一次难忘的经历。7Did you know what his _ to my proposal would be after the meeting?A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. opinion Breaction。 【试题立意】该题考查名词词义辨析，应注意选项之间语意的不同，根据句意正确选择。reaction 意为“对的反应”。impression与on 搭配，表示“给留下印象”。comment 与on 搭配，表示“对做出评价”。opinion on意为
6、“对发表看法（意见）”。句意为“你知道会后他对我的建议反应如何吗？。”【教学启示】正确区分四个选项的含义，及其搭配，平时多注意近义名词的辨析。8In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _.A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered D. considered。 considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。 注意acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the tr
7、uth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感
8、谢他长期来对公司的服务。)9American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. deniedD. denied.deny 1)否认：A. He didnt deny the facts. B. They couldntdeny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say n
9、o to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)10The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejectedB. abandoned。 abandoned (
10、=give up completely) 放弃, 抛弃; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.注意abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣, 如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 绝迹; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of an
11、imals have vanished form the earth. (许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驱使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驱散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到处放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒绝接受; She rejected my suggestion.1
12、1Those boys dont know much about society; thats why theyre so easily _. A. taken in B. taken up C. taken on D. taken offA 考查词组辨析。Take in“欺骗，收容，吸收”；take up“从事，继续”；take on“呈现”；take off“脱掉，起飞”，根据句意A正确。这些孩子涉世不深，这就是他们如此容易被骗/上当的原因。12On the exhibition, he _ all his collecting stamps to the visitors all ove
13、r the country.A. showed off B. speeded up C. brought in D. gave outA 考查动词短语的区别。show off 意为“卖弄；出示给某人看；展示”，符合题意；speed up“加速”；bring in“带进，赚的”；give out“分发，泄露”。13At present the hotel is almost empty, but Im sure things will start to _ in the spring. A. take up B. pick up C. make up D. give up 考查动词短语。pick
14、 up意为“好转”，符合题意。take up“占据”；make up“化妆”；give up“放弃”。【知识拓宽】根据语境和动词短语的意义来回答。14She told me she wanted to _ her two oclock appointment in order to take care of her sick husband. A. put down B. call off C. hang up D. take off 考查动词短语。call off“取消”，符合题意。put down“放下”；hang up“挂断电话 ”；take off“脱下（衣服）。”【知识拓宽】要根据语
15、境理解四选项的含义，选出正确答案。15If a peace process got under way, Saudi Arabia would _ directly in multilateral talks about regional problems. A. participate B. perform C. possess D. predictA participate participate参加，参与；perform履行，表演；possess占有，拥有；predict预知，预言。 16This country has a great area of oil, _ two thirds
16、 of their export. A. making for B. counting on C. accounting for D. consisting inC account for account for占, 解决，符合句意; make for有助于，倾向于, 导致；count on依靠, 指望；consist in存在于。这个国家有大量的石油，占出口的三分之二。17I think it a good chance that some foreigners will _ some Chinese during the Beijing Olympics.A. pick out B. pi
17、ck up C. give up D. give outB pick up pick up“获得，学会”；pick out“挑选”；give up“放弃”；give out“分发，用完”。18Could you please _ a really elegant solution to our problem if you dont like what I have to say? A. put up with B. come up with C. added up with D. made up forB 考查动词短语的用法。 (针对问题等)想出;提供，如：He came up with g
18、ood ideas for the product promotion.他想出一个推广产品的好方法。put up with”忍受;容忍”。如：She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙。make up for”补偿” 本题易误选A。【教学启示】牢记常用动词短语的意义和用法。19With the fresh water reducing, the United Nations is _ to all the citizens to save water. A. adapting B. attacking C. ap
19、pealing D. approachingC 考查近义动词意思掌握情况。appeal to（常与to连用）吸引；引起兴趣；唤起；adapt与“to”连用，固定短语“适应”；attack指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人；approach to 接近, 近似, 约等于; (做某事)的方法途径。【教学启示】在平时教学中要注意近义词的区别。20After passing several cars, Fred suddenly _ too soon and nearly caused an accident. A. cut down B. cut out C. cut up D. cut inD 考查利用所
20、提供信息判断词义的能力。cut down“减少,消减”；cut out“剪出”；cut up“切割”cut in（指车辆或司机）超车抢道。【教学启示】正确理解短语意思，根据所提供信息作出判断。21. A university is an educational institution which _ degrees and carries out research. A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presentsB. 考查动词辨析。 awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他
21、们授于约翰一等奖。)对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented
22、the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) present 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.22. WhenMikewassixteenhe _ goingaroundwithastrangeset ofpeopleand st
23、ayingoutverylate. A. tookto B. tookup C. tookfor D. tookon Atookto taketo沉溺于； takeup从事于；占据（一定的空间或时间）；takefor把（某人）误认为（别人）；把.当作； takeon承担；聘用。句意：迈克十六岁时就和一群陌生人混在一起，很晚不回家。根据句意以及这个词组的意思和用法，本题答案应为A。23The Olympic Committee has drawn up strict rules for the athlete to_. A go on B go with C go without D go by
24、 D 考查词义辨析。A继续下去；B伴随；C没有也行；D依照，遵循。句意为“奥委会制定了严格的规定要运动员遵守。根据句意，选D。24. It is wrong for someone in such a high _ in the government to behave too badly in public. A. situation B. position C. employment D. professionB. position. position 此句中指“地位” (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a
25、high (low) position society.25. We all knew from the very _ that the plan would fail. A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output B. outset. outset 开端, 开始, from the very outset (从一开始) 。outbreak爆发, 发生。outcome结局. income 收入。output 产量。26. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _ from his coat. A
26、. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing D. missing. missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺页书) 。27. Lawyers often make higher _ for their work than they should. A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs B. charges.make charges for对.收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示“收费, 索价”, 如：1) We dont charge any
27、thing for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理个发要收多少钱？)28. How can we get this language point _ to the students. A. down B. round C. across D. into C. across.本题译文, 我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？29. This book gives a brief _ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection
28、in the main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook A. outline. outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。30. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _ charge of the house. A. take B. hold C. make D. getA. take. take charge of (=to be or become responsib
29、le for sb. or sth.) 负责、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .31. The child enjoyed _ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down. A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. formingC. piling. pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把.放成一堆, 堆积：pile up the books on the table (把书堆在桌子上)
30、。Pile up作不及物动词用, 意为“积压; (若干汽车) 相撞”：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告, 有好几辆汽车相撞。)32. John was very upset because he was _ by the police with breaking the law. A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged D. charged. be charged with受指控犯有.; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有凶杀罪。)33. It isnt quite _ that he will be present at the meeting. A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain D. certain. I am sure that +从句。He is sur
