1、山西的历史文化如果把中国历史文化比作一棵大树或者一条长河的话，山西的历史文化堪称这棵大树的一条直根、这条长河的源头之一。早在180万年以前，原始人类就生活在山西这块土地上。芮城县发现的180万年前西侯度人活动遗址内的烧骨，是迄今为止人类懂得用火并且生活在这里的最早证明。山西考古发掘的近300处旧石器时代和2000多处新石器时代的文化遗址，在世界上自成系列，系统反映了远古人类在山西发展的漫长历史过程。中华民族很早就发明了文字，早期的文字，多次记载了尧都平阳、舜都蒲坂、禹都安邑，创造中华文明的尧舜禹，传说也生长在山西这片土地上。周朝初期，周成王封弟弟叔虞为唐侯，叔虞的儿子夑父，迁都晋水之畔，唐国改
2、名“晋国”，从此“晋”成为山西这方热土的简称而沿用至今。在中国历史上，原本是由男性主导。但是，唐朝却产生了一个女皇武则天。武则天是今山西文水人，她在为称帝15年，实际统治中国约半个世纪，是唐朝相对安定和发展的时期。由于大唐帝国影响很大，直到今天，外国人仍称中国人为“唐人”。称中国人在海外其他国家的聚居地为“唐人街”，把中国服装称作“唐装”。直到今天，山西省有近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑6715座，纵观一部中国史，山西以其特定的地理位置、深厚的文化积淀、丰富的物质基础，扮演了颇为重要的角色。The history and culture of ShanxiIf the Chinese histor
3、y and culture as a tree or a river of words, one source of a taproot, the history and culture of Shanxi is the tree of the long river.As early as 1800000 years ago, the original human beings living in this land of Shanxi. Ruicheng County found 1800000 years ago West Hou human activities inside the r
4、uins of burned bone, is the earliest evidence of ever know the fire and life here. Shanxi archaeological excavations near 300 Paleolithic and more than 2000 Neolithic cultural sites, since a series in the world, the system reflects the ancient human development in Shanxi in the course of history.The
5、 Chinese invented the word a long time ago, the early writing, has recorded the Yaodu Pingyang, Shun Puban, Yu Anyi, the creation of Chinese civilization Yaoshun Yu, legend has grown in Shanxi this piece of land.The early Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wang uncle Feng Didi Yu Tang Hou, tert Yu son Xie father, t
6、he water of the river, Tang renamed the Jin, from Jin become Shanxi this land referred to and are still in use.In Chinese history, which is dominated by men. However, the Tang Dynasty has produced a queen Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian is now the Shanxi Wenshui person, in her 15 years of emperor, the actual r
7、uled China for about half a century, is the relative stability and development period of Tang dynasty. Due to the great influence of the Tang Empire, until today, foreigners are still referred to China as chinese. Said the Chinese overseas in other countries where as Chinatown, the Chinese garment c
8、alled Tang suit.Until today, Shanxi province has an important historical and modern representative building block 6715, throughout the history of China, Shanxi with its special geographical position, rich cultural heritage, rich material basis, plays an important role in.山西气候与物产有朋友问我，山西的气候物产有什么特点？我先
9、说说气候，然后再说物产，山西属温带大陆性季风气候，并以恒山为界，分属中温带和暖温带两个亚带，南北温差较大。可以说正当运城酷暑难带时，北部的五台山却风景宜人。山西是北方高原气候，季节性变化明显，一年四季分明，7月的五台山，平均气温仅10度左右，是理想的“中国华北清凉圣地”。山西多层次的地理地貌，造就了众多的物产，蕴藏着丰富的矿藏。驰名中国的晋南牛、广灵驴等地方良种均育自山西。自古以来，山西就适宜多种农作物的生长。运城地区宜种小麦、棉花，晋北山区宜种莜麦、土豆。山西是中国的能源与矿产资源大省，全省120多种资源中，储量居中国第一的就有6中，山西的优质煤。在中国乃至世界都属上乘，在中国的6大煤田中，
10、大同是中国最大的优质动力煤生产基地，太原古交是中国最大的炼焦煤生产基地，阳泉是中国最大的无烟煤生产基地，可以说60年来，山西人民一直从煤海深处为新中国输送着经济腾飞的血液。阳城发电厂是亚洲第一大火力发电厂，首都北京四分之一的用电要靠山西供给，来自山西的火电，照亮了京、津、唐等地的夜晚。Shanxi climate and productsA friend asked me, the climate of Shanxi is what characteristics? I first talk about the climate, products and say, Shanxi is temp
11、erate continental monsoon climate, and to Mt. Hengshan for the community, belong to the temperate and warm temperate two subzones, a larger temperature difference between North and south. Can be said that as Yuncheng heat difficult belt, northern Mount Wutai scenery. Shanxi is the northern plateau c
12、limate, seasonal variation, a year the four seasons, Mount Wutai in July, the average temperature is only 10 degrees, is the ideal of North China cool.Shanxi multi-level geographical landscape, creating a large number of products, rich in minerals. The well-known Chinese Jinnan, Guangling donkey, lo
13、cal varieties were bred from Shanxi. Since ancient times, Shanxi is suitable for a variety of crops. Yuncheng area should be of wheat, cotton, Shanxi Province should be kind of mountain naked oats, potatoes.Shanxi is a big energy and mineral resources province of China, the 120 kinds of resources, r
14、eserves ranking first in China to have 6, Shanxi coal quality. In China and even the world are excellent, 6 large coal fields in China, Datong is the base for production of high quality steam coal is Chinas largest, Taiyuan Gujiao is Chinas largest coking coal production base, Yangquan is Chinas lar
15、gest anthracite production base, can be said that in the past 60 years, the people of Shanxi a straight from the depths for the new China coal transportation with the economic take-off of the blood. Yangcheng Power Plant is Asias largest thermal power plant in Beijing, the capital of 1/4 of electric
16、ity supply from Shanxi by Shanxi, thermal power, illuminating the Beijing and Tianjin, Tang, night.和谐相融的宗教山西这方土，名山大川寺庙多，宗教活动源远流长。山西现存的佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教等，除佛教、道教影响较大，其余都能和睦相处，体现的是三晋人民的宽容大度。说到中国佛教，不得不提及山西佛教史，山西迄今尚存的数量与质量均居全国第一的佛教建筑及其文化遗迹就是明证。与其他汉传佛教不用的是，只需念佛便可往生西方极乐世界，才使得古今中外之人，无论何时何地、念佛之声此起彼伏。这一创举归功于
17、东晋慧远、北魏昙鸾这两位山西籍高僧。作为中国的本土宗教，道教早于佛教传入山西，唐代道教的兴盛，更与发迹于山西的李唐王朝有关，在历代李唐皇帝中，尤其是李隆基的带有推崇下，当时全国道观成林。宋元明清时期，道教在山西又有较大的发展。元代时，由于忽必烈同时尊崇佛、道二教，道教在山西广为传播发展，太原龙山还出现了中国唯一的一处道教石窟。明末清初，恒山悬空寺，成为佛、道、儒三教合一的寺庙，体现了中华文明的和谐统一。一流的古建艺术建筑是社会缩影、民族的象征，也是一个民族文明具体形象的保留，山西素有“中国古代建筑宝库”的美称，古建筑不仅位居全国各省市区第一，而且保存完好，堪称奇迹。中国的木结构建筑，很容易被火
18、焚烧而不宜保存，尤为珍贵的是，中国仅存的4座唐代木结构建筑全在我们山西，同时。这些建筑使得广大人民除了拜佛之外，还可以瞭望风景，还为历代的无数诗人、画家提供了创作的灵感，对于中国人民的精神生活，都产生了巨大的贡献和影响。山西现存的古村镇古民居，也是中国数量第一、保存年代最早的民居宅院类建筑，山西保存的古塔，历代均有，种类齐全。云冈石窟开凿于北魏时期，是中国现存规模最大的石窟群，也是举世闻名的石窟艺术的宏大宝库。除了石雕造像之外，山西现存的古代寺观彩塑，位居中国各省之首。山西也是“中国古代寺观壁画艺术的宝库”，作为绘画，它萌芽于史前的岩画。山西发现的古墓葬有4298座，其中，太原的娄叡墓、徐显秀
19、墓壁画，是中国近年来发现的面积最大、保存最好、内容最丰富的两处壁画。唐代壁画，也是中国现存最早的寺观壁画。The harmonious blending of religionShanxi on this soil well-known mountains and rivers, temples, ancient religious activities. Shanxi existing Buddhist, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity, in addition to the impact of Buddhism, Taoism, th
20、e other can live together in peace together, is the embodiment of the Shanxi peoples tolerant magnanimous.Speaking of Chinese Buddhism, not to mention the history of Shanxi Buddhism, the quality and quantity of the ever present Shanxi ranking first in the countrys Buddhist buildings and cultural rel
21、ics is proof. No other Chinese Buddhism is the Buddha, just can be reborn in the Western elysian fields, makes the people at all times and in all countries, regardless of when and where the sound as one falls, the buddha. The initiative is attributed to the Eastern Jin Dynasty Huiyuan, the Northern
22、Wei Dynasty Tanluan this two Shanxi nationality monk.As Chinas native religion, Taoism, Buddhism flourished in Shanxi, Taoism in Tang Dynasty, more concerned with the Shanxi Li Tang Dynasty, in the history of the emperor Li Tang, especially Li Longji with the respected, when the temple forest. Song
23、Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasties, Taoism also has the big development in Shanxi. The Yuan Dynasty, because Kublai is also respected Buddha, teaching two, Taoism spread widely in Shanxi development, Taiyuan Longshan also appeared in China only a Taoist grotto. The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, Mt. He
24、ngshan, Hanging Temple, and become Buddha, Taoism, and Confucianism in a temple, reflecting the harmony of the Chinese civilization.Class of ancient artThe building is a symbol of social microcosm, ethnic, retention is also a national civilization specific image, Shanxi known as the treasure house o
25、f ancient Chinese architecture, ancient architecture not only among the provinces in the first, and well preserved, miracle. Wood structure building in China, it is easy to be burned with fire and not preserved, particularly precious is China, only 4 of the Tang Dynasty wooden structure building in
26、Shanxi, at the same time. The architecture makes the people in addition to worship Buddha, also can see the scenery, but also for the countless poets, painters with inspiration, for the Chinese peoples spiritual life, have a great contribution and influence.Shanxi existing ancient villages and ancie
27、nt houses, houses building is also the first Chinese class number, save the earliest era, Shanxi saved Guta, of all ages, all kinds of. Yungang Grottoes drilled in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is Chinas largest existing grottoes, also be known to all the worlds great treasure house of grotto art. In ad
28、dition to stone statues, Shanxi existing ancient temples in China, ranked the first among the provinces. Shanxi is the China ancient temple mural art treasure house, as the painting, it originated from the prehistoric rock paintings. Shanxi found in ancient tombs have 4298 seats, wherein, murals in
29、Taiyuan Lou Rui tomb, the tomb of Xu Xianxiu, Chinas recent discovered the largest, best preserved, the most abundant content of two murals. The Tang Dynasty Murals, is Chinas earliest existing temple murals.Class of ancient artThe building is a symbol of social microcosm, ethnic, retention is also
30、a national civilization specific image, Shanxi known as the treasure house of ancient Chinese architecture, ancient architecture not only among the provinces in the first, and well preserved, miracle. Wood structure building in China, it is easy to be burned with fire and not preserved, particularly
31、 precious is China, only 4 of the Tang Dynasty wooden structure building in Shanxi, at the same time. The architecture makes the people in addition to worship Buddha, also can see the scenery, but also for the countless poets, painters with inspiration, for the Chinese peoples spiritual life, have a
32、 great contribution and influence.Shanxi existing ancient villages and ancient houses, houses building is also the first Chinese class number, save the earliest era, Shanxi saved Guta, of all ages, all kinds of. Yungang Grottoes drilled in the Northern Wei Dynasty, is Chinas largest existing grottoes, also be known to all the worlds great treasure house of grotto art. In addition to stone statues, Shanxi existing ancient temples in China, ranked the first among the provinces. Shanxi is the China ancient temple mural art treasure house, as the pa
