1、你会用“主谓一致”吗？先来做两道语法填空题：1. The Chinese (be) a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。2.These books (be)his only comfort.这些书是他唯一的安慰。有的同学肯定会给两道题的答案写上 1.is.2.is/was，因为后面的都是单数嘛。事实上这里的答案应该是 1.are 2.are/were为什么会出现这样的错误，因为没有语法书上说过，所谓的主谓一致并不是主语和谓语的一一致，更不是谓语和宾语或者表语的一致，而是：主语和助动词的一致！我们所说的主谓一致，在英文里是这么说的：Subject-verb Agreement
2、，这个短语直译就是主语和“动词”的一致，至于这个动词，到底是助动词，还是谓语动词，我们可以查证无数的英文句子就可以得出结论：主语和助动词或者谓语动词的一致！对于第 1 题，people 在这里是“民族”。two peoples 两个民族，two people=two persons 两个人，这里的翻译是意译，主语是 the 形容词， 指一类人，谓语是根据主语来确定的，这里用复数，不能被表语迷惑。现在可以看出来，我们中国人学语法，有时候之所以走很多弯路，第一是翻译的问题，是受到汉语的影响，所以才在思维上走入死胡同。第二是在归纳总结规律的时候，没有高度提炼规律，明明是几个规则就可以说清楚的规律，非
3、得要去死记硬背成千上万个“固定短语”，而很多所谓的“固定短语”，只要你按照英语语言和文字的规律去记忆，很快就会把它们各自归类，并且记住了还不容易忘记。关于这些例子，我在时态语态，be 动词用法，非谓语动词等等，每一个专题里都有总结和举例说明。一 主谓一致一般情况下就是主语和助动词在时态，单复数方面的一致。Eg: 1.He is/was a teacher. You are a student.他是一个老师，你是一个学生。2.They have finished their homework and so has she.他们已经做完了作业，她也是。2. 就近原则：1. there be 句型中
4、，靠近 be 的那个名词单复数决定了 be 动词的单复数。Eg:1)There is a pen and two books on the desk. 2)There are two books and a pen on the desk.2. 并列连词由：or, nor, either.or, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut 等连接的并列主语此时谓语动词通常与最靠近的主语保持一致(即遵循就近原则)。如：He or I am wrong. 不是他错了，就是我错了。Either you or he has been mistaken. 不是你搞错了就是他
5、搞错了。Not only the children but also the teacher wants to go. 不仅孩子们想去，老师也想去。疑问句形式：Was she or he there? 当时是她还是他在那儿? Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你还是怪他?3. 度量衡单位或者表时间，钱数等做整体来理解的时候，谓语用单数。Eg:Six months is a long time for her.对她来说六个月是很长了。10 pounds is not a big sum.10 磅不算多。4. 分数，百分数，或者 some,many,a few ,m
6、ost ,any，all,none,half 等与 of 以及后面的名词搭配，由名词的单复数或者可数不可数来决定.Eg:1)One third /30% of the people at present were seniors.在场三分之一的都是老年人。2)Most of the water has been drunk by her.大部分的水都被她喝了。5. all 指人的时候，用复数，指事物的时候用单数：All are here and all is all right.大家都到齐了，一切都很好。6. more than one ,one day or two ,one and a h
7、alf 等，根据名词的反复数形式来决定。Eg:1.）More than one teacher has praised.2。）A day or two has passed.3.）One and a half apples have been eaten.7. 表示“许多”的短语：a great deal of +不可数名词+谓语单数a great many+可数名词复数+谓语复数a lot/mass of =lots/masses of+可数复数或者不可数名词+谓语由名词决定a (large )quantity of +名词复数+谓语复数 ,(large )quantities of +任何
8、名词+谓语复数 ,a /an(large )amount of +不可数名词+谓语复数(large )amounts of +任何名词+谓语复数注：quantities和 amounts 本身是复数的时候，后面无论是单还是复，谓语都用复数。8. 主语后面接有 with,together,with,along with,as well as ,instead of ,rather than 等介词，可以理解成介词短语从句尾提到前面了。所以谓语动词跟这些介词或者介词短语无关。Eg: Li Ping,as well as his parents has gone to Beijing.李平和他的父母
9、已经去北京了。9,集体名词 class,family,group,team,police,audience,government,public 等， 看做一个整体时，谓语用单数，看做群体中的成员时，谓语用复数。My family is big and my family are happy.我的家庭是一个大家庭，我们家很幸福。10,The+形容词指一类人的时候，谓语用复数，指事物的时候，谓语用单数。Eg: 1.The poor want to become rich and the rich want to be happy.穷人想变富， 富人想幸福。2.The beautiful is un
10、forgettable.美好的东西都是令人难忘的。11.fish,deer,ship ,Chinese,Japanese,means,species,series 单复数同形,谓语动词是看这些词在整个语境中的单复来决定的。Eg: 1.Every means has been tried.每种方法都被试过了。（单数）2.Five new species of plants have been found.已经发现了五种新的植物。（复数）12. many a +名词单数 +and +many a +名词单数，或者 each/every +名词单数+and+ each/every +名词单数,或者
11、no +名词单数 +and+ no +名词单数,谓语动词都用单数。13. 不定代词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。Nobody likes being misunderstood.没有人喜欢被误解。14. 非谓语动词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。巩固练习：一语法填空：（注意黑体字所提示的涵义）1. My family all (like)listening to music.提示：family 是集体名词，这里指成员而不是整体。2. He said,”neither of the sheep (come) from Australia.”提示：neither 作主语，谓语动词常用单数。3. Eith
12、er Alice or Black (be)watching TV now.提示：并列连词，就近原则4. The number of the students in our school 2900 three years ago.提示：中心词是 number,时态是过去。5. The boy with his parents (kill)when the earthquake rocked the city.提示：with the two dogs 是介词短语提前，主语是 The boy，但是把 with 改成and 后，主语就变成了复数。rocked 提示事件发生在过去。还要注意语态。6.
13、Two days (be not)enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day. 提示：Two days 当做整体。在这里是实意动词，原形，据此推测本句的时间是现在。7. Nobody but Jane ( know) the secret .提示：but 是介词“除了”，介词短语提前。不定代词作主语。8. All but one here just now.提示:表示人做主语，谓语用复数。9. The old well looked after by the government in China.提示：The +形容词指一类人，谓
14、语用复数。10. About 20 percent of the work （be）done yesterday.提示：分数词/百分数词+名词+谓语由名词决定。 work 作“工作”不可数答案：es.3.is 4.was 5.was killed 6.isnt 7.knows/knew 8.were 9.are 10. was二单选（注意黑体字所表达的涵义）1. This pair of glasses mine.A. are B. be C. isD. will be提示：主语由决定 pair。2. Both Kate and Lucy to the party yesterday.A. i
15、nvitedB. was invitedC.are invitedD.were invited提示：both.and .和 not only .but also.都是“不但。而且。”，但是前者的主语是两者，谓语用复数，后者是并列连词，遵循就近原则。这道题如果用not only .but also.就是：Not only Kate but also Lucy was invited to the party yesterday.但是，如果 not only .but also.连接的不是两个主语而是两个句子，前面的句子用主谓倒装，后面的句子不倒装：Not only was he working
16、hard but also he often helped others.3. His family all very kind and friendly. His family a happy one.A. are,isB. is,isC. are,areD. is,are提示：第一个 family 指全家人，第二个 family 指全家整体。4. The singer and the dancer been to Shanghai.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is提示：两个 the，说明是两个人。这句话的意思是：那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家去过上海。去掉第二个 the 之后，就变
17、成了：那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家去过上海。5. The children in this class each a new school bag.A. haveB. hasC. has gotD. are having提示：each 在这里是副词，主语是 children。全句的意思是：这个班级的同学每人都有一个新书包。Each 作代词用的时候，这句话可以改成：Eachofthe children in his class has a new school.6. If Bobs wife doesnt agree to go on holiday in winter, .A.neither he wi
18、ll B. neither wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither 提示：If 从句用一般现在时代替将来时，主句用一般将来时，neither 放句首， 主谓倒装。这句话的意思是：如果鲍勃的妻子不同意冬天去度假，鲍勃也不同意.这是否定的“也”。肯定的“也”用 so,后面也是主谓倒装。He is a student,and so am I.他是学生，我也是。（so+助动词+主语，注意助动词由前面的时态和后面的句子的主语决定）但是，so+主语+助动词表示的是“的确”：-It was cold yesterday.昨天冷。-So it was.确实是
19、的。7. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the accident（交通事故）.A. areB. isC. haveD. has提示：as well as（也，与。一样）连接两个主语，谓语与前面的主语一致。sb be to blame(for sth)某事是某人的责任。8. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has beenB. isC. areD. am提示：neither.nor.既不。也不。，并列连词，就近原则。9. The
20、secretary and manager very busy now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were提示：第二个名词前面没有 the ，说明主语是一个人兼有两个身份。10. When and where to build the new factory yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided提示：虽然是两个疑词，但是从句的谓语动词只有一个，谓语用单数。被动语态。11. Most of his spare time spent in reading.A. areB
21、. wereC. wasD. have been提示：当名词前有 some,most 等修饰的时候，谓语由名词决定。time 作“时间”解不可数。12. This is one of the best novels that appeared this year.A.have been B. hasC. had beenD. have提示：1)that 指novels，谓语用复数。而且在这种句型中：It/Thisisoneof+the+形容词最高级+名词复数+that/who. ,从句用现在完成时.这句话的意思是：这是今年出版的最好的小说之一。但是当 one 前面有 the only 这两个词
22、，并且去掉 best 的时候，全句的意思就变成了：这是今年出版的唯一一部小说。中心词变成了 the only one,所以谓语就变成了单数：This is the only one of the novels that has appeared this year.其他例句：1. He is one of the students who have been selected to take part in the competition.他是被选去参加竞赛的学生之一。2. He is the only one of the students who has been selected to take part in the competition.他是唯一一个被选去参加竞赛的学生。2)appeared 不及物，不能使用被动语态。答案：1-6 CDABAC 7-12 ADAACD
