1、成考高考英语高分必备语法大全2013年成考高考英语高分必备语法大全强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。 英语常用的强调结构是It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that).。一般说来,被强调部分指人时,用who;指事物时用that,但that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。强调句句型我们这里主要讲陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。e.g. I
2、t was yesterday that he met Li Ping.他是昨天碰见的李平。特别注意以下几点：1. 构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。2. not until 句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ ti
3、ll his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3. 谓语动词的强调1）It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！2）注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；
4、过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。 非谓语动词主要形式有不定式、动名词、分词。非谓语动词虽然不充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。例：The famous novel is said _ into Chinese.A. to have translated B. to be translateC. to have
5、 been translated D. to translate答案为C。2英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon.A. being heard B. hearingC. to hear D. having been heard答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。2）The man in the corner confessed to
6、 _ a lie to the manager of the company.A. have told B. be toldC. being told D. having told短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long after your arrival.A. keep you waiting B. having
7、kept you waitingC. waiting for you D. keep you wait答案为B。3非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。1）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrange B. rearrangeC. rearranged D. rearranging答案为C。2）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be deco
8、rated B. to decorateC. be decorated D. decoratingdecorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。3）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A. hearing B. being heardC. to hear D. heardhear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。4）The manager has his employees _ a business report
9、every week.A. to write B. writtenC. writing D. write答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。4非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。例：Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there.A. he found a lot of people B. a lot of people wereC. he found a lot of peoples D. people were found根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的peoples
10、结构不对，正确答案只能是A。练习：1. He was lucky to escape _ to prison.A. sending B. being sent C. to be sent D. sent2. It is no good _ to come now. He is busy.A. if you ask him B. to ask him C. asking him D. that you ask him3. The bedroom needs _.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning4. His parents _ last wee
11、k, the child has no one to look after him.A. having died B. died C. dead D. having dead5. _ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least masters degree.A. Become B. To become C. One becomes D. Becoming6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means
12、_ trouble.A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made7. I have heard both teachers and students _ well of him.A. to speak B. spoken C. to have spoken D. speak8. Mrs. Brown is supposed _ for Italy last week.A. to have been left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have left9. You will see this
13、product _ wherever you go.A. to be advertised B. advertise C. advertised D. advertising10. When _the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.A. being asked to compare B. asked him to compareC. asking him to compare D. asked to compare答案：BADAB BDDCA 1虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：虚拟条件句从
14、时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。1）Had the weather been good, the children _ out for a walk.A. had gone B. could have gone
15、C. would go D. went答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。2）If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been used B. had been usingC. being used D. using根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。2某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(pr
16、oposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。例：The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leave B. leaveC. left D. have left答案为B。3在It is desired(
17、或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有：It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。例：Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a w
18、eek,A. comes B. will comeC. come D. may come答案为C。4在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give up B. gave upC. would give up D. should give up5在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ ne
19、xt month for a dinner.A. come B. would comeC. came D. have come答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。2）You look as if you had seen a ghost.此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。3）I wish I knew his address.在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。4）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature whe
20、n he was in college.Acould study B. studiedC. had studied D. would study答案为C。在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。答案为B。5）He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knewC. had known D. would have know正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的
21、情况有所怀疑。练习：1. It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. could be D. be2. We desire that the tour leader _us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _on th
22、e way.A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong4. It is essential that these application forms _ back before the deadline.A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent5. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. we
23、went home D. we can go home6. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. didnt B. wouldnt C. dont D. shouldnt7. That tree looked as if it _ for a long time.A. hasnt been watered B. didnt waterC. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered8. She didnt go to the party, but she does wi
24、sh she _ there.A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be9. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _here 30 minutes sooner.A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had been10. _ the whole situation, I wouldnt have said it.A. If I should know B. Had I knownC. If I knew D. Were to k
25、now答案：DABDCACBAB 1. 数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词多半用单数形式。如：Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment.我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。That five thousand dollars is yours.那五千美金是你的。2. 集合名词作主语时如表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数；如表示成员，谓语动词须用复数。例如：The family were watching TV. 全家人在看电视。My family is a big one. 我家人口多。常
26、见的这类名词还有army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, school, team, union, public等。有些集合名词（如people, police, youth 等）谓语动词须用复数。如：The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追踪凶手。3. 在“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般修饰复数名词，所以该从句的谓语动词要用复数。如：This is on
27、e of the longest rivers that have ever been seen.这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。He is one of my friends who are lawyers.我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。4. 某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语：根据毗邻一致的原则，与邻近的主语一致。这类连词包括or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等。如：Neither I nor she was awarded the prize.我和她都没有获奖。在there be 存在句中，多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复
28、数。如：There are three patients in the waiting room.候诊室里有三个病人。There is a doctor and two nurses in the clinic.诊所里有一个医生和两个护士。5. 由合成代词some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one) 作主语，由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one
29、等+名词作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。如：Noboday knows how many stars there are in the sky.谁都不知道天上有多少星星。Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。 学位英语考试中重点语法知识主要包括：时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句、倒装句、强调句、主谓一致等。现在我们主要学习有关倒装句的知识点。1. Onlyadv. 句子要倒装。1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。2. 否定词放
30、置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no soonerthan)。Not until I reminded him for the third time _ working and looked up.A. that he stopped B. does he stoppedC. did he stop D. that he stopped答案为C。3. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要
31、倒装。_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realizedC. Did I have realized that D. As I realized4. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。So little _ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I know B. I had knownC. I knew D. was I know 学位英语考试中重点语法知识主要包括：时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、从句、倒装句、强调句、主谓一致等。现在我们主要学习有关从句的语法知识点。学位英语从句主要考状语从句、定语从句、主语从句、宾语从句。1状
