1、学年山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版山西省大同市第一中学2017-2018学年高一12月月考英语试题一阅读理解第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AHidden from the noise of Washington, D.C., Hillwood Museum is a special treasure. It contains (包含) one of the finest personal collections (收藏) of Russian and French art in the world.Hillwood Museum was once the home o
2、f Marjorie Merriweather Post. She was a rich businesswoman. She owned one of the largest food companies in the United States. She was also very interested in collecting beautiful French art and furniture.She moved to Russia in the 1930s as her third husband, Joseph Davies, became the American ambass
3、ador (大使) in Moscow. Marjorie Merriweather Post had a love for Russian art as well. She bought the house in Washington in 1955 and she wanted to make it into a museum after her death. Many art experts helped Mrs. Post create its fine collection.Hillwood has many rooms which are filled with her treas
4、ures. Visitors can see beautiful music boxes from the eighteenth century and colorful paintings of European princesses (公主). Experts say the ancient wood and gold furniture from France is some of the finest ever made. Visitors can even look at Mrs. Posts jewels and clothes.The museum also has severa
5、l beautiful gardens. One is designed like the gardens in Japan. It has a bridge and visitors can watch flowers floating in the water. Flowers are also grown all the year in a special glass building or greenhouse. These flowers are placed in the house throughout the year.After a walk, visitors can re
6、st at a nearby eating place. They can also buy objects to remember this special museum.1. From the second paragraph, we can learn that Marjorie Merriweather Post .A. lived near Hillwood MuseumB. owned a food company in FranceC. was a successful businesswomanD. was good at painting and designing2. Ma
7、rjorie Merriweather Post moved to Russia because .A. she liked the environment thereB. her husband had a job thereC. she wanted to collect art worksD. she hoped to meet some art experts3. Which of the following treasures is NOT mentioned in the text?A. Paintings of Japanese princesses.B. Mrs. Posts
8、jewels and clothes.C. Ancient wood and gold furniture.D. Eighteenth centurys music boxes.4. What is special about the museums gardens?A. There are some rock hills.B. They are all built in Japanese style.C. Flowers are grown all the year.D. There are some restaurants.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C【解析】Hillwo
9、od Museum是一个特殊的宝库。本文介绍它的特殊之处。1. C推理判断题。根据第二段中She was a rich businesswoman. She owned one of the largest food companies in the United States.可知，Marjorie Merriweather Post是一个成功的商人。故选C。2. B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句She moved to Russia in the 1930s as her third husband, Joseph Davies, became the American ambassador
10、 (大使) in Moscow.可知，Marjorie Merriweather Post搬到俄罗斯是因为她的丈夫在那里。故选B。3. A细节理解题。根据第四段中Visitors can see beautiful music boxes from the eighteenth century and colorful paintings of European princesses (公主). Experts say the ancient wood and gold furniture from France is some of the finest ever made. Visitor
11、s can even look at Mrs. Posts jewels and clothes.可知，B/C/D都被提到，只有A没有被提到。4. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Flowers are also grown all the year in a special glass building or greenhouse.可知它的特殊之处就是一年四季都种花。故选C。BIn some science-fiction movies, robots refuse to die no matter how people fight back (反击). Now, it has turned
12、into a fact. For the first time, researchers have created a robot that can take a beating (挨打) and keep on working. Developed by scientists from Cornell University and the University of Vermont, the new robot looks like a spider with four legs.Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certa
13、in to break down when damaged. Thats because its computer doesnt know how to operate the machine after its shape has been changed.To solve this problem, the scientists put some sensors (传感器) into the machine. The sensors can read how the machine is working and send signals to the computer.Using this
14、 information, the system follows a new way to tell the machines shape at any given moment. The computer considers a lot of possible next steps, and it calculates how best to move the robot forward the longest possible distance, before trying to move it again.The new technology is a major advance in
15、robotics (机器人技术), scientists say. It may someday help researchers create better artificial arms and legs that give new freedom to people who lack them. The new knowledge might also help scientists understand how people and animals tell their own sense of place in space.“Designing robots that can fit
16、 changing environments has been a difficult problem,” says scientist Olaf Sporns of Indiana University. “This work provides a new way toward solving this important problem.”5. Why do robots easily break down when they are damaged?A. They cannot repair themselves.B. The computer has changed a lot.C.
17、They have nothing special to protect them.D. The computer cannot operate a changed robot.6. How do the sensors in the robot work?A. They can replace the computer when its broken.B. They can find out where the damage comes from.C. They help the computer learn the robots condition.D. They can send sig
18、nals to the person who uses the robot.7. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 5 refers to “ ”.A. robots B. arms and legsC. sensors D. researchers8. What does Olaf Sporns think of the new robot?A. He does not express his opinions clearly.B. He doubts if it can work well in real life.C. He thinks i
19、t is a great development in robotics.D. He thinks more experiments are needed to test it.【答案】5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C【解析】这篇文章讲述了为了解决机器人一旦被损坏就不能工作的问题，科学家给机器人里面放了八个发动机和两个传感器，这个新的技术还能帮助科学家给人们创造出更好的假肢。5. D细节题。根据文章That is because its computer inside simply doesnt know how to make the machine work after its sh
20、ape has changed.可知，当机器人被毁坏了就很容易发生故障，是因为如果机器人改变了，电脑就不能工作了。故选D。6. C细节题。根据文章第三段可知，传感器能够帮助电脑了解机器人的情况。故选C。7. B词义猜测题。根据文章It may someday help scientists create better artificial (假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who losethem.机器人有一天能够帮助科学家发明出更好的假肢，帮助那些失去了胳膊和腿的人重新获得自由。可知，them的意思是arms and legs
21、。故选B。8. C推理判断题。根据最后一段“Designing robots that can fit changing environments has been a difficult problem,” says scientist Olaf Sporns of Indiana University. “This work provides a new way toward solving this important problem.”可知，他认为这是机器人技术的一大发展。故选C。【名师点睛】本文的文章短小精炼，对于此类文章首先必须对每句话都要认真地阅读理解。初中的阅读绝大多数是细节题
22、，考察学生信息的把握能力。对于细节题，学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位，找到相对应的出处，再仔细对比找出答案。CIt is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers (生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features (特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men.
23、Take a look at the way your clothes button. Mens clothes tend to button from the right, and womens from the left. Considering most of the worlds populationmen and womenare right-handed, the mens standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do womens clothes button from the left?History
24、 really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having womens shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having mens shirts button from the r
25、ight made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt.Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard f0r them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once
26、 set, resists change. At a time when all Womens shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer womens shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and
27、skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing mens shirts.9. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?A. It has been follo
28、wed by the industry for over 400 years.B. It is Afferent for mens clothing and womens.C. It works better with men than with women.D. It fails to consider righthanded people.10. What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century?A. They tended to wear clothes without buttonsB. They were intereste
29、d in historical mattersC. They were mostly dressed by servants.D. They drew their swords from the left.11. Womens clothes still button from the left today because .A. adopting mens style is improper for womenB. manufacturers should follow standardsC. modern women dress themselvesD. customs are hard
30、to change12. The passage is mainly developed by .A. analyzing causes B. making comparisonsC. examining differences D. following the time order【答案】9. B 10. D 11. D 12. A【解析】组织结构题.通观整篇文章可以看出,作在开始提到一个现象男女衣服的标准 相反,然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因,最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因.由此判断选 A 项.DWhen I looked at the grade on my math paper my
31、jaw (下巴) almost dropped to the ground: a big “65” in bright red ink. I had never received such a terrible grade before.I was so ashamed that when I got home that afternoon I lied to my dad. I told him I got 85 and that the report wouldnt come until the end of the month. Dad smiled. His daughter woul
32、d never lie about her grade, so he didnt doubt the unusual delay (延迟) of my report.A month later, Dad casually (随意地) asked me again about the report at the dinner table. He looked right into my eyes and asked for an answer. Having no choice. I told him that I had in fact got just 65 in my math final. I had lied because I didnt want to let him down.For a moment, he just looked at me. I would have preferred a telling off (斥责) than that silence. Fi
