1、英语名校进华中学九年级第一学期一模备考冲刺讲义首字母T进华中学2019年九年级第一学期一模备考冲刺讲义-首字母课程主题进华中学2019年九年级第一学期一模备考冲刺讲义-首字母学习目标1、把握该校过往考试动向及重点；2、明确本次备考方向及注意点；教学内容Artificial lighting(人造光源) is spreading fast.The area of the planet that is lit up (81)g_ by 9 per cent in four years.If that trend(趋势) continues, the total illuminated(被点亮的)
2、area will double from its 2012 level well before 2050.The light disrupts(影响了) natural day-night cycles, harming our (82)h_ and nocturnal animals(夜行动物, and further obscures(模糊了) our view of the night sky.“Dark areas are being lost in places where nocturnal(夜间的) animals, insects and (83)p_ have adapte
3、d to (适应) darkness over billions of years,”says Franz Holker at the Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin.Holker, Christopher Kyba of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geo sciences and their colleagues used satellite data to see (84)c_ in artificial lighting. From 2
4、012 to 2016, the area illuminated and global brightness both rose by 2.2 per cent a year. At that rate.“Earths lit area could double in 32 years from 2012”,says Kyba.The brightening was fastest in rapidly industrializing(迅速进入工业化的) countries in Asia, Africa and South America. Light (85)p_ was more se
5、rious in some heavily lit rich countries, such as the US.“The numbers are truly shocking,”says Thomas Davies at the University of Exeter, UK.Among the culprits(罪魁祸首) are energy - efficient LED lights, brought in to (86)c_ greenhouse gas emissions(排放) . Because they are so (87)c_,installation(安装) of
6、this lighting is more affordable and it is used even where not strictly needed.【参考答案】 81.grows 82.health 83.plants 84.clearly 85.pollution 86.cut 87. cheap【思路解析】81.根据文章可知空格处需要的是名词，地球上被照亮的区域在增长；故为growths82.根据文章可知空格处需要的是名词，光线干扰了昼夜周期，伤害了我们的健康；故为health83.根据文章可知空格处需要的是名词, 夜行动物、昆虫、植物已经适应黑暗数十亿年的地方，黑暗区域正在消失
7、；故为plants84.根据文章可知空格处需要的是副词，他们的同事利用卫星数据在人工照明下看的很清楚；故为clearly85.根据文章可知空格处需要的是名词, 在一些光线充足的富裕国家，光照污染更为严重；故为pollution86.根据文章可知空格处需要的是动词，节能的LED灯的引入是为了减少温室气体的排放；故为cut87.根据文章可知空格处需要的是形容词，安装这种类型的灯如此便宜；故为cheap（试卷来源：2016-2017学年上海市普陀区进华中学八年级上学期英语11月月考试卷）一首字母填空整体的解题思路：1.通读全文（了解大意）是前提：(1)审视主干（把控推断方向） A.如果是记叙文，文章
8、的主旨大意是什么？每段的主旨句是什么？(一般是首句或者尾句)每段的内容是围绕主旨句展开的。要填空的句子内容由前后句内容决定。 B.如果是说明文或者议论文，先找出文章的论点是什么？每段落分论点又是什么，同样每一段的首句或者尾句很可是分论点。每段的内容是由分论点展开的。(2)如何判断空格需要填什么词性呢？【知识梳理1】如何判断空格里的单词是名词呢？1. 空格在定冠词、不定冠词之后时，2. 空格在所有格前后，3. 空格在形容词或者形容词物主代词后，在介词后、动词后时，空格词都有可能是名词，4. 空格是句子的主语时，可能是名词或者动名词。【例题精讲】How to use your rail-card?
9、You can use it any time: weekends, holidays or during the week. Please ask at your local station or contact a railway travel agent for more i_85_ .【参考答案】information【思路解析】根据句子意思，contact联系获取更多的信息。（试题来源：进华中学2018学年初三上学期10月月考试卷）【知识梳理2】如何判断空格里的单词是动词呢？1、空格前有助动词出现，这也往往是某种时态或者是被动语态的信号，2、空格前有情态动词时，3、空格前有动词连接的
10、不定式结构时，4、复合句的主句和从句的（初中主要是宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）主语后面，5、and或or等并列连词连接的两个句子时，某一个句子缺乏谓语时。【例题精讲】Who can apply?Anyone between 16 and 25 years of age. You will need to provide something to p_82_ that you are under 26. For this, only your ID card, driving license, passport or medical card will be acceptable .【参考答
11、案】prove【思路解析】根据句子意思，你需要提供东西来证明你在26岁以内。(试题来源：2018学年进华中学初三上学期期中试卷)【知识梳理3】如何判断空格里的单词是形容词呢？1. 空格在名词的前面，修饰名词作定语时，2. 空格在be动词，感官动词等系动词后面作表语时，3. 空格在make等动词后做宾语补足语。【例题精讲】If a rail-card does not have the users name signed，it will be considered invalid （无效的）No one else may use either your rail-card or any tick
12、ets bought with itYou will be required to pay the f 86 price of the ticket if you are unable to show your own rail-card with the ticket for a check during a journey【参考答案】full【分析】你会被要求付全部的票价如果你没有拿出自己的地铁卡（试题来源：进华中学2018学年初三上学期月考卷）【知识梳理4】如何判断空格里的单词是副词呢？1、 在动词后面，用来修饰动词，2、 在整个句子之首，用来修饰整个句子，3、 在形容词之前，用来修饰形
13、容词。【例题精讲】Its a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils dont sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees. 【参考答案】instead【思路解析】i开头独立成句的填instead（试题来源：进华中学2019学年初三上学期期中考卷）二首字母填空具体解题方法：【知识梳理1】前后句内
14、容和逻辑关系推测中间句子的内容。【例题精讲】Owning a dog is not as easy as some people think. It needs a lot of . You have to take your dog for walks regularly, feed it and bathe it. 【参考答案】responsibility【思路解析】根据前文说的养一个宠物不是一件容易的事情，所以是需要责任。（试题来源：进华中学2018学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理2】通过分析句式寻找逻辑关系【例题精讲】If the grass is wet with dew (露
15、珠), then you can expect dry weather. But if the grass is dry, then it will be of you to take your umbrella.【参考答案】wise【思路解析】根据前后句的对比，带伞是聪明的举动（试题来源：进华中学2018学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理3】通过连词寻找逻辑关系【例题精讲】However, Edward was not born to be a carpenter.he had a fit body, he didnt have strong arms like his father.【
16、参考答案】though 【思路解析】他没有成为木匠的身体因素，所以填让步关系（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理4】转换意思相近的词【例题精讲】Tropical(热带的) fish need a lot more looking after and will die they are in a warm tank with an air pump(泵）【参考答案】unless【思路解析】热带鱼只要放进热的水中才能活，表示条件。（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理5】可有可无的词，多为副词，要考虑更细微的语意或逻辑关系【例题精讲】Fro
17、m time to time people are taken onto the plane because they are blind.【参考答案】carefully【思路解析】盲人当然是一个接一个小心地带上飞机的。（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理6】动词，名词，形词的变化。【例题精讲】1. Reading provided me with escape, but it also me to understand the world around me. It was an education in a classroom that had no wall
18、s.【参考答案】enabled【思路解析】读书给我带来的好处很多很多，能够让我了解外部的世界。（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理7】分析文章结构-首尾段/上下段呼应【例题精讲】This is a true story of a teenage caught in a deadly storm. He to stay alive by using tips the survival(求生)TV shows taught.Nocholas had often watched Bear Grills survival show Man vs. Wild. Thats
19、where he learned the tips that helped him survive. When Grills heard about Nicholas experience, he said it was really amazing that the teenager had made it. He told the reporters that people would likely to make big mistakes if they were lost in a dealy storm.【参考答案】managed【思路解析】通过电视里面的求生节目，自己设法成功自救了
20、。（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）【知识梳理8】习惯用法【例题精讲】 In the UK in the last 30 years, the police have been quite successful in the number of people who drink and drive.【参考答案】 reducing【思路解析】过去三十多年，警方已经成功减少了酒驾的人数。（试题来源：进华中学2017学年初三下学期首字母专题卷）一首字母单句练习1.He provided her with o 82 to perform. Jia Ling seized(抓住)
21、the chances she was offered and worked hard to improve her skills. 【参考答案】opportunities【思路解析】贾玲毕业后住在没有bathroom的地下室，说明条件之艰苦。之经中国著名相声演员冯巩的帮助下，为贾玲打开了通往成功的大门。因此可以说，冯巩为贾玲提供了演艺的机会。机会为可数名词，横线前无不定冠词，所以该处用复数形式。2.Now, Jia Ling has become one of the top crosstalk performers in China. She is trying so hard that
22、crosstalk can s 86 to more people. 【参考答案】 spread【思路解析】贾玲已经成为中国最顶尖的相声演员之一。结合后文她成立了她自己的相声俱乐部，就是想把她的相声传递给更多的人，让更多的人感受到快乐。can后加动词原形spread。3.Indoor climbing is a great workout（锻炼）.Climbing uses muscles(肌肉）that are hard to exercise, e 85 those in the shoulders, arms, chest and back. 【参考答案】especially【思路解析】
23、首先判断是副词，然后上句说可以使用很难锻炼的肌肉，那这句就是对上文中提到的“很难锻炼的部位”进行详细阐释。(试题来源：2017学年进华中学初三上学期期中试卷)（出处：2017学年浦东外国语学校初三上学期期中试卷）You live in a house made of chocolate; you dont have to go to school any more. How could all of these impossible things happen?-in my dreams.A dream is a (81)s of pictures, ideas and emotions pl
24、aying in the mind during sleep. Humans spend one third of life sleeping and six years dreaming. A person usually has three to five dreams a night, although one may not remember his or her dreamsMany dreams, at least the ones we remember, are (82) s and interesting. Thats why most people believe that
25、 dreams must have some deep meaning or important message. However, people in different (83) c have different understandings of the same dream. For example, when dreaming of fire, Chinese people think of money. The Japanese would say its trouble. For people in the West, a dream of fire means somethin
26、g new is coming.Scientists have very different opinions about the deep meaning of dreams. Some believe that a dream is only a normal process of sleep and doesnt tell us anything. Other scientists think that a dream is a (84)d message from ones mind. Dreams are like a window into ones desires and fea
27、rs. For example, if youre very nervous about an exam, you may have nightmares of monsters (85)r after you.Technology also helps us to know more about dreams. In the film Inception, people can enter others minds while they are dreaming. Well now, out of the dreams, we can (86) r do it, too. Scientist
28、s can now (87)r peoples dreams by scanning their brain activity during sleep. Would you let scientists look into your dreams?【参考答案】81. series 82. strange 83. cultures 84. direct 85.running 86.really 87.read【思路解析】81. 根据句子成分，aof 之间填名词，梦是一系列的图片，想法和情绪在睡眠中在头脑中播放。故填series82. and 连接两个一样的句子成分，判定这里是形容词，梦是奇怪和
29、有趣的，故填strange83. different 后面判定是名词，不同文化的人对同一个梦境的理解不一样，故填cultures84. amessage 判定中间是形容词，其他科学家认为梦是一个人头脑中直接的信息，故填direct85. 根据文章意思，例如，如果你对考试很紧张，你可能会做恶梦梦到怪物在追你。Run after, 注意这里是非谓语作伴随状语。86. 根据文章意思：现在，在梦外，我们真的也可以做到了。真的，really.87. 情态动词后加动词原形，判定这里是动词，科学家现在可以通过扫描人们睡觉时的大脑活动来解读他们的梦境。解读，read。（选自2018-2019学年上海市普陀区进
30、华中学九年级上学期英语期中试卷）（出处：2017学年上宝初中初三上学期12月月考试卷）On the basis of the situation of the varicella(水痘)infection of our campus, and last nightone of our students also has diagnosed with varicella. This morning, the school leaders held a meeting and identified some treatment measures as follows:1.The one who g
31、ot chicken pox should have a good (81)r_ at home.2.The other students in the class are individually separated in room 210, Do not go to Lockeror other (82) p classrooms.3. Use the toilets on the same side of Room 210.Other students use the ones on the (83) O side.4.The class teacher will have class in Room 210.5.The canteen staff will bring lunch to Room 210 around 11:20. Students must ensure thatthe cleanness of the classroom.6.To maintain each classroom ventilation.7.Each of the students and teachers try to (84) w for self-p
