1、春新版新目标八年级下英语Unit15知识点详解Unit1 Whats the matter？Section A1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.问题；事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you?= What s wrong with you?你怎么了？【注】： matter 和trouble 为名词， 其前可加the 或形容词性物主代词 ， wrong 是adj. 不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，
2、与介词with连用。即： Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble?= Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.【拓展】matter的用法(1) It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语） (2) as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上2. I have a cold 我感冒了 I have a stomachache 我患胃痛 I have a sore ba
3、ck. 我背痛。【解析1】have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛【解析2】back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 gi
4、ve back 归还【解析3】3. hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 V 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发4. She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water. 她昨天说话太多了并且没有喝足够的水。【解析1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for
5、your eyes.too many太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do every day.much too太修饰形容词或副词Its much too cold in winter.【解析2】enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当” 修饰adj./adv,放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to car
6、ry the box.5. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】with ： prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 She is a girl with long hair with （反） withoutprep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends.prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具” Cut it with a knife.6. see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。【解析1】see a dentist = go
7、 to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生【解析2】X-ray/eks rei/n. X 射线；X 光 7. What should she do?她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？【解析1】should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务 should not =shouldnt 不应该 主语+ should/ shouldnt + 动词原形. .You should lie down and rest. 你应该躺下休息一会儿。 You shouldnt t g
8、o out at night.你晚上不应该出去。【解析2】take ones temperature 量体温8. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever. 不需要， 听起来你不像发烧了。【解析1】sound like 听起来像， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。 It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像【解析2】fever/ fi:v:(r)/n.发烧 have a fever 发烧Y
9、ou need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要休息一下，远离电脑。9. You need to take break away from the computer.你需要远离电脑，休息休息。【解析】need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done
10、My TV set needs repairing. 用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用9. I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。【解析】without doing sth.10.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 如果你的头和脖子明天还疼的话， 就去看医生。【解析1】neck /nek/ n.颈；
11、脖子neck and neck 不分上下，势均力敌【解析2】hurt /h3：(r)t/ v. (hurt /h3：(r)t/) (使痛 ；受伤)表示肉体感到疼痛或不适，使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语。 My leg hurts.11. At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。【解析1】alon
12、g/ down相同点： prep “顺着；沿着”不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”【解析2】see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）【解析3】lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺lie lay lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ).lie down 躺下lie down and rest 躺下休息12.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang
13、 Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. 公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。【解析】24-year-old 24岁的“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名 词用单数。13. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。【解析】get off 下车 (反） get on 上车Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus. A. get off B. take off C.
14、turn off D. put off【拓展】与get相关的短语： get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。【解析】surprise spraz v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news s
15、urprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶Surprise n 惊讶” to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 【解析2】agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the
16、 doctor saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。【解析1】 thanks to 对亏；由于thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形， 这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象 thanks for ，意为“因而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ing thanks相当于 thank you ，【解析2】on time 准时/in time 及时 on time= at exactly the right time.准时（在规定的时间之内）
17、 强调与某个时刻一致in time = with enough time to spare/ not late及时（恰在时间点上）表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间提前发生【短语】at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候 for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some
18、time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s16. But the driver didnt think about himself. 但是这位司机完全没有考虑他自己。 【解析】 think about 考虑；认为【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行17. Bus No.26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road 26路公共汽车在中华路上撞到了一位老人【解析】hit/hit/v. (hi
19、t/hit/)( 用手或器具）击；打 hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face.18. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble? 人们常常不去帮助别人是因为他们不想惹麻烦。【解析】trouble/trbl/n .问题；苦恼 get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼） be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble （in) doing sth做某事有困难That is a
20、monkey on his back. 19. Jenny cut herself . 珍妮伤着自己了【解析】herself/h3:(r)self/pron. (she 的反身代词）她自己【解析】反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves(2)反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good
21、 time玩得高兴teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍(3)反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。20. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗？【解析】fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落 fall down 摔倒，（强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾 语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell
22、off the bike. = The girl fell down from the b ike.fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡Unit1 Whats the matter？Section B1. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。【解析】feel sick 生病；不舒服 sick /ill adj. 生病的 (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。be sic
23、k of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病”2. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.阿伦. 罗尔斯是一名热爱登山运动的美国人。【解析1】 who 引导的定语从句定语从句：定义：用一个句子来修饰前面的名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之
24、后。关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。He is the boy who/that often helps me.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语【解析2】be interested in interest n 兴趣 interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的（表语/定语） interested adj. 对感兴趣（只做表语）interest v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 be interested in sth./ doing sth.对变得感兴趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对的极大兴趣; (1
25、) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣(2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。【解析1】 as prep，作为，以身份。【解析2】be used to (doing)习惯于（做）；适应于（做）【用法】(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完 (2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 (3) u
26、sed to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。I used to get up at six.(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。3.1. This is one of the exciting things about
27、 doing dangerous sports.做危险的运动时令人兴奋的事情之一【解析】one of .之一【结构】“one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China.4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.很多次阿伦因为出事故几乎丧命。【解析1】almost / nearly almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几
28、乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词,可 以用来修饰形容词、副词、动词和名词,有时它们可以相互取代【解析2】lose lost lost v 失去 lose ones life 失去生命【解析3】because of 由于； 因为【拓展】because/because of【记】：跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of词性 用法because 连词后接句子because of 介词短语后接名词或/ving【注】： (1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中) Shes worried because of her son.(2) because con
29、j +从句 （引导原因状语从句） He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.(3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子 Why do you like pandas? Because they are cute.(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。Mo Yans books have been sold out in many book stores _ his winning of the Nobel Literature Prize. A. because B. since C. as D. b
30、ecause of5. On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.2003年4月26日，阿伦在犹他州登山的时候，发现自己处于一个极其危险的状态。【解析1】on 修饰具体的某一天 onaSundaymorning; onFriday 【解析2】find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难6. On that day, Arons arm was caught under a 2,000 kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.那天，阿伦在独自登山的时候，他的手臂被掉在他身上的2000多斤的岩石压住了。by oneself= alone = on ones
