1、专题14 虚拟语气高考英语提升之语法词汇及情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍解析版2020年高考提升之语法、词汇及情景交际钻石考点提分秘籍14 虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。考点一 用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。时间条件从句结果主句现在动词过去式would/should/could/might + 动词原形过去had + 过去分词would/should/could/might
2、+ have + 过去分词将来should/were to + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形1. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. （2018北京）A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D 【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。2. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would
3、never have happened. （2017北京）A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A 【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。3. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped. （2016北京）A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B【解析】由last week可知，主、
4、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _.（2016天津） A. were injured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用would have done。5. If I _it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. (2015北京)A .didnt see B
5、. werent seeing C. Wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。6. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. （ 2014北京）A. are B. were C. will be D. would be【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故主句用“would+动词原形”。7. If Mr. Dewey _ present, he would have offered any possible assistance
6、 to the people there. （2014湖南）A. were B. had been C. should be D. was【答案】B【解析】句意：如果杜威先生当时在场的话，他就会尽一切可能帮助那里的人们。根据主句中的would have offered可知，是表示与过去事实相反，故条件句用过去完成时。8. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. (2012安徽) Alive
7、sBwould liveChas livedDwere to live【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，从句表示与将来事实相反，故用“should+动词原形”或“were to+动词原形”。注意：有时主句和从句动作发生的时间不一致，这种从句称作交错条件句。主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据各自发生的时间来确定。常见的交错时间是：从句表示过去，主句表示现在。例如：1If we _the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach. (2018天津)A. had caught B. caught C. have caught
8、 D. would catch【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。2. If it _for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now. （2016江苏）A.had not been B.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。3. If we _ a table earlier, we wouldnt
9、 be standing here in a queue. (2013北京) A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故从句用过去完成时。4. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now. (2013天津) A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been
10、【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主句表示与现在事实相反，从句表示与过去事实相反。故主句用“would+动词原形”。故选B。考点二 用于含蓄条件句 含蓄条件句是指没有完整的条件从句，但在上下文中隐含了条件的意味。这种条件意味常由otherwise, but for, with, without, or等词语表现出来。1. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time. (2019天津)A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accom
11、plish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】由前半句可知，与过去事实相反；otherwise相当于一个虚拟条件句，后面的句子相当于一个主句，故谓语动词用wouldnt have done。2. What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together. (2019江苏) A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had【答案】C【解析】由You missed the sightseeing可知，与过去事实相反；or暗含虚拟条件，相
12、当于if you hadnt missed the sightseeing，其后的句子相当于主句，故谓语动词用would have done。3. Do you have Bettys phone number? (2017天津)Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】由yesterday可知，与过去事实相反，otherwise相当于if I hadnt had Bettys number，其后的句子相当于主
13、句，谓语动词用wouldnt have done。4. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. (2015重庆)A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written【答案】D【解析】Without his wartime experiences是个含蓄条件句，与过去事实相反，其后的句子相当于主句，谓语动词用wouldnt have done。 5. It is lucky we b
14、ooked a room, or we _ nowhere to stay now. (2015安徽)A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had【答案】C【解析】or暗含虚拟条件，相当于if we didnt book a room，其后的句子相当于主句，由时间状语now可知，与现在事实相反，故谓语动词用would do。6.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _ to our help. （2014
15、浙江） A. would have come B. could come C. have come D. had come【答案】A【解析】or暗含虚拟条件。由语境可知，这里表示与过去事实相反，故后面的句子用would have done。考点三 用于名词性从句中 wish, would rather等后面的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望；与“建议、命令、要求”有关的名词性从句，谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟，should可省略。1. Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage, andI
16、wishI _ asecondchancetobecome more involved. (2018江苏)A. had B. willhave C. wouldhavehad D. havehad【答案】A【解析】wish后面的宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去的愿望。这里表示对现在的愿望，故用一般过去时。2. Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission. (2018江苏)A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B【解析】解析：在“It is/was
17、 +形容词+that从句”中，that从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟。这里表示“竟然”，should不能省略。3. We would rather our daughter _ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. (2014陕西)Awould stayBhas stayedCstayedDstay【答案】C【解析】这是一个并列复合句。would rather后面的宾语从句表示现在的情况，谓语动词用一般过去时。4. Eye doctors recommend that a c
18、hilds first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. (2013浙江)A was B be C were D is 【答案】B【解析】recommend表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可省略。考点四 用于其他从句中在Its (about/high) time that结构中，that从句要用一般过去时表示虚拟语气；在as if引导的从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。1. It was John who broke the window. Why
19、are you talking to me as if I _ it? (2014重庆) A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。2. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel. (2012北京) A. is B. were C. has been D. had been【答案】B【解析】as if引导的从句表示与事实相反，应用虚拟语气；这里表示与现在事实相反，应用一般过去时。3. Jack is a gre
20、at talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking. (2012辽宁) A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【答案】D【解析】“Its (high/about) time that”句型中，that从句谓语动词要用一般去时表示虚拟语气。考点五 虚拟条件句中的倒装和省略 引导条件从句的连词if可省略，但省略了if的从句要倒装，即将谓语中的were, had或should提到主语之前。1. _not for the support of the teachers, the stud
21、ent could not overcome her difficulty. （2017江苏）A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时；从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。2. It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule. (2015江苏) A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过
22、去完成时；从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。3. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. （2014天津）A. Did he catch B. Should he catch C. Has he caught D. Had he caught【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。4. _ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news
23、 from around the world. （2014福建） A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与现在事实相反，故从句用一般过去时。从句省略了连词if，谓语用倒装。巩固练习1. If I _ it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it. A. didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表
24、示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。2. Had they known what was coming next, they _ second thoughts. A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had 【答案】D【解析】前一个句子是省略了if的条件从句。由从句时态had known可知是与过去事实相反， 主句应用would/could/might have done。3. John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have go
25、ne with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told【答案】D【解析】由主句谓语动词would have gone可知是与过去事实相反，条件从句应用过去完成时。4. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might【答案】B【解析】if引导的条件状语从句表示与将来事实相反的假设，谓语动词应用“sh
26、ould +动词原形”。5. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited【答案】D【解析】 otherwise这个副词暗含虚拟语气，相当于说if we had not lost our way in that village，表示与过去事实的相反假设，后面的句子要用would have done。6. Where are the chil
27、dren? The dinners going to be completed and I wish they _ always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，这里表示现在的情况。wish后的宾语从句用一般现在时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反，故选A。7. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not
28、 allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【答案】A【解析】句意：为了安全，老师建议家长不要让不满12岁的孩子骑自行车上学。recommend表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。8. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focu
29、sed【答案】B【解析】would rather后面的从句要用虚拟语气。表示现在或将来的动作，用一般过去时；表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。9. I _ through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone【答案】A【解析】由句意“没有你的慷慨相助，我不可能熬过那段艰苦岁月。”可知，该句表示与过去事实相反，故选A。without your generous help相当于一个条件状语从句if it had not bee
30、n for your generous help。10. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you some help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying【答案】C【解析】这是一个交错条件句。主句表示与现在事实相反，由从句中的时间状语then可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。11. The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. had
