1、高中英语词汇3500之JJjacket dkit 夹克衫leather jacket皮夹克 life jacket救生衣 shirt衬衫 overcoat大衣【活学活用】This jacket is just to my taste.这件夹克正中我的意。jam dm 果酱，阻塞【词义辨析】be in a jam陷入困境 jam into塞进 jammed 被卡住的【活学活用】1. He spread some apple jam on the bread.他在面包上涂上苹果酱。2. We were held up for three hours in a traffic jam.由于交通堵塞我
2、们在路上停留了三个小时。【高考对接】（安徽2011仿真卷）Have you got through ?No. Lines to the affected areas were _. A. linked B. related C. connected D. jammed【答案】D。【解析】jammed被阻塞。句意：受灾地区的电话线路很忙。January dnjuri 一月【词义辨析】in January 在一月 on April 10th 四月十号【活学活用】The accident happened on January 8th.那件事故发生在一月八日。注意表达年月日用介词onJapan dp
3、n n. 日本【词义辨析】the Sea of Japan日本海【活学活用】Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部，中国东面，东临太平洋。Japanese dpni:z n.日语，日本人adj. 日本人的【词义辨析】the Japanese language 日语 Japan日本【一言辨异】I picked up quite a lot of Japanese words during my six-month stay in Japan.在日本六
4、个月的逗留中我学会了许多日语单词。注意 Japanese做“日本人”讲时单复数同形。jar d:n. 罐子，坛子【词义辨析】glass jar 玻璃缸【活学活用】Dont empty the water jar until the rain falls.雨未下就先别清空水缸。jaw d: 颌，下巴【词义辨析】the top/upper jaw上颌 the bottom/lower jaw下颌【活学活用】My jaw aches. I dont know why.我下巴疼，我也不知道是怎么回事。jazz dz n. 爵士音乐，爵士舞曲【词义辨析】jazz music / band / age/
5、festival/ club爵士乐/乐队/时代/音乐节/俱乐部 【活学活用】Jazz hasnt much appeal to me; I prefer country music to jazz.爵士乐对我没有什么吸引力; 比起爵士乐，我更喜欢乡村民谣。注意 jazz是不可数名词。 jeans di:nz n.牛仔裤jeans western style pants西裤【活学活用】Both my sister and I like to wear jeans.我姐姐和我都喜欢穿牛仔裤。 注意 jeans牛仔裤（用复数）。 jeep di:p C吉普车jeep吉普车 truck 货车 car
6、汽车 crane 吊车【活学活用】No sooner had his luggage been loaded than the jeep started off.他的行李刚一装上车，吉普车就开走了。jet det C 喷气式飞机，喷射口【词义辨析】jet engine喷气发动机 jet stream 急流 water jet 喷水【活学活用】The accident happened as the jet was about to take off. 喷气式飞机正要起飞时出了事故。jewel du:l n.宝石，珠宝首饰【词义辨析】the jewel in the crown 王冠上的宝石，有
7、吸引力的东西。jewel case珠宝盒 jeweller 珠宝商 jewelled装有宝石的【活学活用】1. He locked up the jewel before going away.他在离开之前把珠宝锁藏起来。2. I was delighted at the recovery of my stolen jewel.我对找回被盗的珠宝感到非常高兴。jewellry du:lri （总称）珠宝【词义辨析】jewellery（总称）珠宝，珠宝饰物，无复数，为不可数名词。jewel指“宝石”，宝石饰物，有复数，为可数名词。【活学活用】Her jewels are kept in the
8、safe and she never wears jewellery.她从不戴首饰物。她的首饰都放在保险柜里。注意美国英语常拼写为jewelryjob db工作，任务【词义辨析】job-centre 就业服务中心 job seeker 求职者 jobless 失业的job C 职业，工作I start my new job on Monday. 我星期一开始新的工作。work U工作Im going back to work tomorrow. 我明天回去上班。post/positionC(正式或书面语) 职业，工作Please fill in your name, age and occup
9、ation. 请填写姓名，年龄和职业。profession C或U专业His son is intended for the medical profession.他计划让儿子学医。【习语用语】do the job 起作用，有效 do a good/bad job (on sth); make a good/bad job of 干得好或差，将办好或坏 have a (hard /difficult)job doing /to do sth 干某事很困难 lose ones job/be out of job失业【活学活用】1. Ive got various jobs around the
10、house to do. 我在家里有各种各样的活要干。2. If a jobs worth doing, its worth doing well.只要你觉得某事值得去做，就一定要把它做好。【高考对接】1.（2007 上海卷）What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. Which C. When D. that【答案】A。【解析】考查关系副词where引导定语
11、从句。从句中先行词为job, 它在其后定语从句中起状语的作用，表示“在这工作中”。句意：是这样一份工作，工作要做严肃的活儿，但有趣。用关系副词where引导定语从句时，它的先行词有时不表示一个明确的地方，可以是诸如situation, business, point, case, activity, talk show, race等之类的词，但是它们在其后定语从句中必须起状语的作用。再如：It is a race where every second matters. 这是分秒必争的一场比赛。2.（2009四川卷）In order to find _ better job, he decide
12、d to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】B。【解析】第一空job为可数名词单数，之前用不定冠词表示“泛指”；第二空用“a +序数词+名词”表示“又一，再一”。句意：为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定学另外一门外语。jog d n. v.慢跑【词义辨析】go jogging去跑步 jogging suit运动衣 jogger慢跑者【活学活用】1. I like to jog/go jogging in cool weather.我喜欢在凉爽的天气跑步。2. Its time t
13、o put on your running shoes and go for a jog around the park.该穿上跑鞋绕着公园慢跑了。join din v. 加入，连接，会合【词义辨析】join battle (with sb) 开始交战 join hands (with sb) 携手 join in (sth/doing sth) 参加(活动) join up (with sb) 联合起来join加入某组织、党派或社会团体，成为其中一员，如果后接人时，表示参加某人活动。He got me to look after his parents when he joined the
14、army. 他参军时，让我照顾他的父母。join in 指参加到某些人当中去做某事，这项活动往往正在进行中。The boy came over, and joined in our game.男孩走了过来,并参加了我们的游戏。He joined us in doing the research.他加入我们一块儿研究。take part in指参加会议或群众性活动,并在活动中发挥积极作用。All the students took part in the thorough cleaning.所有的学生都参加了大扫除。【高考对接】1.（2011全国卷II）The island, _ to the
15、mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined【答案】C。【解析】题中过去分词短语做定语，它相当于一个定语从句，该分词短语可改为which is to the mainland by a bridge。 bejoinedto 与连接。2.（09江苏省南通高三模） Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to my program. _ me this evening is Dr. Gray. A. To join B. Join C. Joine
16、d D. Joining【答案】D。【解析】考查倒装句。该句正常语序为：Dr. Gray is joining me this evening.3.（浙江省杭州高级中学2011届高三上学期月考）Iran, he declared, would be happy to_ any effort to ban the bomb.A. bring up B. hold up C. bring in D. join in【答案】D。【解析】句意：伊朗宣称愿意加入任何致力于禁止核武器的事情当中去。joke duk n. v.笑话，开玩笑【词义辨析】 joker开玩笑的人 jokingly开玩笑地 beyo
17、nd a joke 开不得玩笑的 be no joke不容易的事 make jokes about 拿来开玩笑【活学活用】1. You are joking. /You must be joking! 你在开玩笑！2. A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend.戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。journalist d:nlist n. 记者，新闻工作者【词义辨析】journal期刊，杂志 journalism新闻业，新闻工作【活学活用】This journalists works are popular among young peopl
18、e.这位新闻记者的著作很受年轻人的欢迎。journey d:ni n. 旅行，路程【词义辨析】travel泛指旅行，游历。Sanford loves to travel around the world. He is always on the move.杉福喜爱环游世界，总是马不停蹄地四处跑。journey通常指从一地到另一地的旅行，较正式用语。英国英语中指长途或短途的常规旅行。It was a long journey and all of them were very tired.旅途很长，他们都累极了。trip指短距离、耗时少并返回出发地的旅行，在美语中用得较多，而英国人则更喜欢用jo
19、urney。We went on a few days trip during the holiday.我们在假期去旅游了几天。They are going on a trip to Europe this summer.他们今年夏天去欧洲旅行。voyage通常指水上的航行，与journey相对，也是较长的旅行。I got seasick during my first voyage to France.我第一次乘船去法国时晕船了。tour表示“漫游、旅行、周游”的意思。指旅游观光，着重返回出发地。The Students Union always takes students on a to
20、ur of Beijing during the first term.学生会总是在第一学期带学生去北京观光。【活学活用】1. Hope you have a good journey. Have a good journey / trip!一路顺风！旅途愉快！2. Life is a short journey from birth to death.从生到死，生命是一段短暂的旅程。【高考对接】(保定一中2011届高三高考仿真卷) The museum can take you on a thrilling _ from the beginning of human culture to t
21、he present day. A. moment B. visit C. journey D. vacation【答案】C。句意：那博物馆可以带领你进行一次从人类文化开端到现在的旅行。 joy di U欢乐，高兴 C 高兴的人或事【词义辨析】joyful高兴的 joyless不快乐的 (much) to ones joy 很让某人高兴的是 jump with joy高兴得跳起来【活学活用】1. Is it a joy to have friends come from afar?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？I wish you joy and happiness.祝你快乐、幸福! 2. To b
22、e waiting for joy is also a joy.等待快乐的过程也是一种快乐。【高考对接】（吉林省东北师大附中2011届高三第一次摸底考试） Much to my _, Father just bought me a pen as a birthday gift.A. appointment B. joy C. excitement D. delight【答案】A。【解析】句意：很使我感到遗憾的是，父亲只给我买了一只钢笔作为生日礼物。judge dd n.法官，裁判员v. 判断，猜测，担任裁判【词义辨析】judging by /to judge from从判断【活学活用】1. A
23、 good judge of used cars; a poor judge of character.鉴定旧车的行家；不会判断性格的人。2. Never judge people by their appearance./Dont judge a book by its cover./Dont judge a man from his outside. 别以貌取人。【高考对接】(宁夏银川一中2010届高三第三次月考)_ the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships
24、_21,000 dollars. A. Judged; totaling B. To be judged; totaled C. Having judged; to total D. judging; would total【答案】A。【解析】第一空中非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词做状语，但不能用不定式的被动式，不定式表目的或将发生的事；第二空非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，所以用现在分词做定语。judgement ddmnt n.判决，判断力【词义辨析】value judgement 价值判断 【活学活用】1. Fortune favors those who use
25、their judgement.机遇偏爱善于判断的人。2. A mist of prejudice spoiled his judgement.偏见的迷雾损害了他的判断力【高考对接】（湖南省株洲二中2011届高三上学期第三次月考）Its quite common that people base their _ only on a piece of information without knowing the full story. A. knowledge B. competition C. challenge D. judgement【答案】D。【解析】句意：往往人们只凭一些信息而未对整
26、个事情有所了解就下评断。juice du:s U果汁，菜汁 C(果汁或菜汁)饮料【词义辨析】juicer n.榨汁机【活学活用】1. Make sure you pour the juice into the glass without spilling it. 确定把果汁倒在杯子里面不要溅出。juicy du:si adj. 多汁的，妙趣横生的【词义辨析】juicy peach 水蜜桃【活学活用】1. The peach is a sweet and juicy fruit.桃子是又甜又多汁的水果。2. I heard some juicy gossip about our boss. Do
27、 you want to hear it?我听到一些跟我们老板有关的精彩消息，想听吗？July dla n. 七月【词义辨析】in july 在七月 the Fourth of July 美国独立纪念日【活学活用】1. This is me at school in July.这就是七月在学校中的我。 2. July is the hottest month in my hometown.在我的家乡，七月是最热的一月。jump dmp n. 跳，突升 v. 跳跃，激增，突然改变话题【词义辨析】jump the queue 插队jump the gun 枪未响先跑 jumping-off poi
28、nt起点jump-off开始 jump suit跳伞服 a huge jump in profits利润大增 jump to ones feet跳了起来jump from seat从座位上突然站起 jump with joy高兴得跳起来jump into the water跳入水中【活学活用】1. Dont jump to a conclusion.不要匆促下结论。2. He jumps at the chance when it occurs.当机会出现时，他及时抓住了。3. The train jumped the track.火车出轨了。【高考对接】（重庆市丰都中学2010届高三上学期第
29、一次月考）Liu Ping, a teacher fresh from college, _ from one topic to another in his first class. we couldnt make out what he was driving at.A. wrote B. broke C. came D. jumped【答案】D。【解析】句意：他从一个话题跳到另一个话题，我不知道他究竟想说明什么。June du:n 六月【词义辨析】in June六月on June 6th 六月六日【活学活用】1. We have lived here since June.我们从六月份开
30、始就住在这里。2. He started work here last June.他去年六月开始在这里工作。jungle dl 丛林，密林【词义辨析】grassland 草地 forest森林【活学活用】1. Lets take care of the jungle.让我们好好保护丛林吧。2. The newspaper is a jungle of ads.报纸上尽是杂七杂八的广告。junior du:nj adj.年少的，地位低下的【词义辨析】junior to sb年纪较轻, 职位较低 junior employees低层雇员 the world junior tennic champi
31、onships世界青少年网球锦标赛 junior college（美）二年制专科学校 junior high school/ junior high（美）初级中学 junior doctor实习医生【一言辨析】Did you take this course as a freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, or graduate?你是作为大学一年级、二年级、三年级、四年级学生还是研究生学习这门课程的?【活学活用】I object to being told what to do by someone junior to me.我反对让资历比我浅的人来指挥我。注意(尤其在美国)该词常用于同名父子中儿子的姓名后，意为“小”，如：Martin Luther King Junior小马丁路德金。
