1、名词单复数变化规则名词单复数变化规则名词单数变复数规则 名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。 1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。 如:Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO等。 专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写，前面不加定冠词the。 普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。 如:police，eggs，rice等。 普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。 个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。如:monkey，panda，ruler，boy等。 集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。如
2、:family，police，class，people等。 物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。如:Water，air，milk等。 抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。如:hope，love，spirit。 在讨论名词的数之前，必须了解英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。 一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。 不可数名词: 不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数，没有复数形式，不能与数目字如one, two等连用，也不能加不定冠词a(n)。不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法: a+表示这些
3、东西的单位+of+不可数名词， 如:a cup of tea，a box of milk，a piece of paper等。 如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。 如:a cup of tea-3 cups of tea， a box of milk-12 boxes of milk， A piece of paper-100 pieces of paper *需要注意的是， a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。
4、 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。 例如: This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 例如:Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。 例如: four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 只有可数名词才有单数和复数两种形式。 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后
5、辍-s。 例:friend?friends; cat?cats; style?styles; sport?sports; piece?pieces 二、凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 例:bus?buses; fox?foxes; match?matches; flash?flashes ;box ?boxes; watch ?watches; actress ?actresses; class ?classes; coach(长途车) ?coaches; dress ?dresses; sandwich ?sandwiches; toothbrush ?
6、toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者) ?waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 例:candy?candies; daisy(雏菊)?daisies; fairy?fairies; lady?ladies; story?stories strawberry ?strawberries; baby ?babies; puppy ?puppies; library ?libraries; dictionary ?dictionaries; cherry ?cherries; activity ?activities ,countrycoun
7、tries,flyflies. 区别: 元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数【元音字母有a,e,o,u,i】 monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays boy-boys key-keys 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写词，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 (有生命的加es，无生命的加s) 口诀:黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿 negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes 反例:radioradios， piano?pianos(外来词); photo?photos; zoo- zoos，bamboo-bambo
8、os，kimono-kimonos 五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves， 例如:knife?knives; life?lives; leaf?leaves; scarf(围巾)?scarves 树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀牛;架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 解释:leaf(树叶)half(一半)self(自己)wife(妻子) knife(刀子)calf (小牛)shelf (架子)wolf(狼)thief(小偷)life(生命) 但是，也有例外。海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据上顶房。 在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即:海湾(gulf - gulfs
9、)农奴(serf - serfs)信(belief -beliefs)酋长(chief - chiefs)，悬崖(cliff -cliffs)证据(proof - proofs)上顶房(即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs) 部分单词的单复数同形 口诀: 中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。 解释:Chinese, Japanese ,police，people， deer, sheep, fish ，cattle 但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 在英语名词复数
10、中，表示(某)国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加，学生常常会出错。这里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。它是:“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S。如Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese, Swiss-Swiss Englishman- Englishmen, American-Americans German-Germans. 极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 口诀:男士、女士a变e; 鹅牙脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠虱子本爱牛， mouse, louse和ox. 解释:goose-geese; mouse-mi
11、ce; foot-feet. man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth;foot-feet，child-children，louse-lice，ox-oxen 一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例clothes; shoes (鞋子)、sunglasses (太阳镜)、shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资 写出下例名词的复数形式 1、monkey monkeys_ 2、boy _boys_ 3、duck _ducks_ 4、house _houses_ 5、bus _buse
12、s_ 6、lady _ladies_ 、sheep _sheep_ 8、deer _deer_ 79、child _children_ 10、foot _feet_ 11、tomato _tomatoes_ 12、roof _roofs_ 13、desk _desks_ 14、window _windows_ 15、pencil _pencils_ 16、dish _dishes_ 17、film _films_ 18、day _days_ 19、plane _planes_ 20、month _months_ 21、inch _inches_ 22、village _villages_ 23
13、、city _cities_ 24、family _families_ 25、knife _knives_ 26、people _people_ 27、man _men_ 28、thief _thieves_ 29、Chinese _Chinese_ 30、glass _glasses_ 名词的单复数 课堂练习 一、判断下列名词是可数名词还是不可数名词，并写出他们的复数形式 1. air _ 2. baby _ 3. beach _ 4. beef _ 5. boat _ 6. book _ 7. box _ 8. boy _ 9. bread _ 10. child _ 11. class
14、_ 12. day _ 13. deer _ 14. exercise _ 15. factory _ 16. fireman _ 17. foot _ 18. fox _ 19. goose _ 20. hand _ 21. horse _ 22. ink _ 23. key _ 24. knife _ 25. man _ 26. milk _ 27. mouse _ 28. paper _ 29. party _ 30. photo _ 31. potato _ 32. rice _ 33. roof _ 34. ruler _ 35. sheep _ 36. thief _ 37. ti
15、ger _38. water _ 39. German _ 40. wolf _ 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. China and Canada are big _ (country) 2. Give me two _ (glass) of milk. 3. He read some_ about Zhou Enlai. (story) 4. How many _(people) are there in your family? 5. Have you got any _ (paper)? I want to write a letter. 6. How many _(shelf) a
16、re there in the room? 7. I can see a _ standing near the door.(policeman) 8. Open your mouth. Show me your _(tooth). 9. Those _(pair) of gloves are for your mother. 10. Please give me some _ (orange juice), please. 11. The _ (policemen) over there is my father. 12. Would you like some bottles of _ (
17、milk)? 13. My sister Linda is in _ (class) Two, Grade One. 14. The room beside our classroom is _ (room) 301. 三、将下列句子改为复数句 1. This is an orange cap. _ 2. She has got a nice picture. _ 3. Heres your coat. _ 4. The woman is a nurse. _ 5. He has a glass of milk and some bread for breakfast. _ 6. Shangh
18、ai is a beautiful city. _ 四、将下列句子改为单数句 1. These are old skateboards. _ 2. Are those your family photos? _ . Are these your English-Chinese dictionaries? 3_ 4. There are some old cars behind the house. _ 5. There are some old sheep on the farm. _ 6. We need eggs for breakfast. _ 课后练习一 一、写出下列名词的复数形式 1
19、. branch 2. cherry 3. chimney 4. church 5. desk 6. diary 7. dress 8. goose 9. hero 10. hoop 11. leaf 12. library 13. map 14. ox 15. page 16. peach 17. policeman 18. radio 19. school 20. sheep 21. story 22. food 23. ice 24. work 25. snow 26. rain 27. coffee 28. tea 29. advice 30. salt 31. sand 32. ne
20、ws 33. meat 34. pork 35. tomato 36. strawberry 37. tooth 38. toy 39. waitress 40. watch 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Do you want some _ for supper?(potato) 2. He has got two _(box) of chocolates for his birthday. 3. They want to get some _(apple juice) for tomorrows picnic. 4. The _ (student) are cleaning the
21、_(desk) and _(chair) now. 5. May I have some _(beer)? 6. The little boy is throwing some _(paper) on the ground. 7. There are two _(library) in our school. 8. There are sixteen _(class) in No. 1 School. 9. Jack hasnt got any _(homework) today. 10. His _(sister) like to drink coffee. 11. How many _(c
22、hild) are there in the art room? 12. How many _(lab) are there in your school? 13. Our morning _ (class) start at 8:00. 14. Peters _ (sheep) are white and fat. 15. The big _ (branch) are very high. 16. There are some _ on the table. (glass) 课后练习二 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There are two _(box) of sweets in t
23、he bag. 2. Where are the _(mouse)? Theyre over there. 3. Where are the _(bird)? Theyre on the branches. 4. Where are the _? They are in the desk. (schoolbag) 5. Are those_? (bus) 6. He has two _ (knife). 7. Wheres Jack from? He is from_(British). 8. How many_(class)have you got in your school? 9. Ho
24、w many_ are there in your class? (student) 10. The_ (postman) at the gate are Chinese. 11. My_(Japan) name is Sato. 12. These _(be) a lot of water in the glass. 13. How many_(watch) are there in this shop? 14. She is 10 _(year) old. 15. How many _(tooth) have you got? 16. There are six _(lady) by th
25、e river . 17. Bill likes _(fruit) very much . 18. These are _(wolf). 19. Those _(library) are nice. 二、将下列句子改为复数句 1. This teacher in red is from China. _ 2. This is an old bridge. _ 3. There is a shelf in the office. _ 4. He has got a little paper. _ 5. There is a dish on the desk? _ 6. This teacher
26、in red is from China. _ 7. Is that girl your friend? _ 8. Whose coat is it ? _ 课后练习三 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. There _(be not) any telephones on the table. 2. Are there any _(knife) in your pencil-box? 3. China and Canada are big _(country). 4. Those _(woman) are from Japan. 5. There are two _ in our school. (library) 6. How many _ have you got in a year? (holiday) 7. Who has got a new _
