1、北师大版高中英语选修七重点词汇汇总选修7重点单词和短语汇总Unit19一重点单词1. thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊 n. 兴奋；紧张give sb. a thrill to do sth./of doing sth. 做某事让某人感到激动be thrilled at/about/with sth. 对感到兴奋As he read the words besides the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization.在他读图画旁的单词时，他有了令人兴奋的认识。2.thankful adj.感谢的；为感到高兴的词汇拓展：thankfu
2、lness n.感谢，感激thankfully adv. 感激地；幸亏短语拓展：be thankful for 感激be thankful to do 做感到欣慰be thankful that 感到欣慰的是I was thankful that he hadnt been hurt. 他没受伤，我感到很欣慰。3.across prep. adv.穿过，横过辨析across/through易混词词义区别across横穿，横跨在物体表面through贯穿， 穿过在物体内部I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.The river runs
3、through our city.4. absence n. 缺席；不在某处短语拓展：in the absence of sb.in ones absence 某人不在时absence of mind 心不在焉absence的反义词为presence意为“出席，到场”absent adj. 不在的，缺席的be absent from. 不参加，缺席助记：5.adequate adj.足够的，充分的be adequate for 充分be adequate to (doing) sth. 胜任（做）某事Is the water supply adequate?水的供应量足够吗？Two hours
4、 is adequate to finish the task.两个小时足够完成这项任务。辨析adequate enough sufficient adequate指“足够符合特定（有时可指最低）的资格、分量、才能等符合一个客观要求或标准。enough是常用词，它除表示“足以满足需要的”外，还含有“数量很多使人感到心满意足”之意。sufficient则指需要的，达到目的的，“满足”。事实上常常已经sufficient，但并不一定感到enough。6. ensure vt.保证；担保；确保 ensure ones safety/success保证某人的安全/成功ensure sb.sth.保证/
5、确保某人（得到）某物ensure sb.from/against danger保护某人免受危险Premier said that we must ensure the safety of food the other day.几天前总理说，我们必须确保食品安全。 7. guarantee vt.保证；担保；n.保证；担保；保修单guarantee sb.sth.保证某人某事guarantee to do sth.保证去做某事be guaranteed to do.肯定做under guarantee在保修期内 Your watch will be repaired free if its st
6、ill under guarantee.你的手表在保修期内可享受免费修理。give sb.a guarantee that.向某人担保All students are guaranteed campus accommodation for their first year.保证安排所有的学生第一年在校内住宿。Even if you complete your training, I cant guarantee you a job.即使你完成了培训，我也无法保证你能有工作。【易混辨析】ensure与guaranteeensure意为“确保某事发生”；guarantee意思侧重于“担保”，还有“
7、许诺”的意思，有时两者可以互用。ensure, guarantee后均可接that从句，还可接双宾语；guarantee后还可接不定式作宾语，也可接复合宾语，ensure则不可这样用。夯实基础我们保证在一周内将货物送到。(一句多译)(1)We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v.)(2)We are guaranteed to deliver the goods in one week.(be guaranteed to)(3)We give a guarantee that we will deliver the g
8、oods in one week.(guarantee n.)8. adjust v.调整，调节=(change to make more suitable)；适应，习惯(=adapt) adjust sth.to sth.调整以适应adjust oneself to. 使自己 适应于adjust to doing.适应做make an adjustment作出调整【易混辨析】adapt与adjust这两个词都可作“适应”解。其区别是：(1)adapt指只进行细微的修改或变动就能适应新的环境或条件。常与介词for和to连用。如：The book is adapted for beginners
9、.这本书是为初学者改编的。(2)adjust多指对机械或仪器等进行调整，借正确的判断或熟练的技术使两者的技术使两者相配合。也可指人或其他生物改变原有的生活方式以适应新的环境。9. inform vt.告知；通知；了解；熟悉inform sb.of/about sth.通知某人某事be well informed about sth. 精通某事；对某消息灵通keep sb.informed of/about.通知某人关于；使某人知道be informed of.听说；接到的通知inform sb.that.告诉某人10. attain vt.获得，得到；达到特别提示attain无被动语态。att
10、ainment n达成；成就attain ones hope实现某人的愿望attain ones object达到某人的目标attain the end/goal达到目标【易混辨析】achieve，arrive，reach与attain(1)achieve侧重于经过努力而获得成功或达到某种目标。如：This will help us achieve modernization.这将有助于我们实现现代化。(2)arrive和reach除表示到达某地外，还表示“达成(协议)，得出(结论)”，侧重于经过谈判或协商而达成，arrive和介词at搭配时，可和reach互换。如：He had reache
11、d/arrived at a new conclusion.他得出了一个新的结论。(3)attain含有较强的抱负和渴望的意味，着重于有意识地实现某一目标，常用来指实现一般人不易达到的目标。Im determined to attain my purpose at any cost.我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。11. approval n.赞成；赞许；同意；批准give ones approval to批准approve v.赞成，同意；认可；批准approve of sb./sth. 赞成/同意某人/某事approve doing sth.批准做某事The government has gi
12、ven its approval to a program of economic reforms.政府已经通过一些经济改革方案。特别提醒approve作“批准”讲时，常用作及物动词；作“赞成，同意”讲时，常用approve of。12.resemble vt.像；与相似resemble不能用于进行时中，也没有被动语态；resemble是及物动词，本身已经售与“与相似”的意思，所以不必再加with.resemble sb./sth.(in).(在方面)与某人/某物相似bear a resemblance to(be similar to.)与相似In these respects, the f
13、ossils resemble modern humans.在这些方面，这些化石类似于现代人类。She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.她和她姐姐外貌相似，但性格不同。13.therefore adv.因此，所以易混词词义区别so所以比较随意，多用于口语中therefore因此引出一个推断出的必然结论consequently因此较正式，能在侧重符合逻辑的结果经典例句：The shop were closed so I didnt get any milk.We were unable to get funds an
14、d therefore had to abandon the project.A month has now passed. Consequently, your claim on compensation under the policy has been cancelled.现在已过了一个月了。因此， 按照政策， 你们索取补偿的权利已被取消。14.worth adj.值得的be worth doing 值得做be worthy of +n. 值得be worthy to be done 值得被做be worthy if being done值得被做be worthwhile to do s
15、th.做某事是值得的be worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是值得的经典例句：这本书值得读。可译为：The book is worth reading.The book is worthy to be read.The book is worthy of being read.It is worthwhile to read the book.It is worthwhile reading the book.Unit20一重点单词1. beneficial adj.有裨益的词汇拓展：beneifit n.益处，好处 v. 使受益，得益于短语拓展：be beneficial t
16、o 对有益处for sb.s beneifit 为了某人的利益beneifit from/by 得益于2.latter n.后者；adj.后者的，后面的(back)the former.，the latter.前者，后者the latter part后部分the latter point后一点the latter year晚年夯实基础(1)I invited Tom and Mary to my birthday party. The former (前者) is 15 years old and the latter (后者) is 14 years old.(2)Of your two e
17、xamples, I prefer the latter(更喜欢后者).3. present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的；n.礼物(gift)；目前；v.授予 (give.to)；展现，展示；呈现；主持(电视或广播节目) at presentat the present time 现在；目前be present at 出席in the presence of sb.in ones presence当着的面，在面前present sth.to sb.present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物make a present of sth.to sb. make sb.a pr
18、esent of sth. 把某物赠送给某人for the present for the time being 目前；暂时Besides, there are some presents I bought for my family members and friends；it will be a great disappointment to me if I cant find the suitcase.而且，箱子里面有我为家人和朋友买的礼物，如果找不到它，我会很失望。(重庆书面表达)图解助记 特别提醒present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。例：Th
19、e present president present at the meeting presented us with a present.出席会议的现任总统给我们赠送份礼物。4. rescue v.营救；拯救；救援；n.营救；救援rescue sb./sth.from sth.从中营救go/come to ones rescue去/来救某人rescuer n.救助者，救星，援救者We were about to close down the business，but the bank went/came to our rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借
20、出了一大笔钱救了我们。Rescuers searched the rubble for survivors.救援人员在瓦砾中搜寻幸存者。词义辨析rescue，save(1)rescue意为“营救，救援”，指从危险中迅速有效地援救、抢救，一般指人，也指抢救东西不致毁坏。(2)save意为“拯救、救出”，是普通用语，指使受害者或物摆脱危险，使其保存或生存下来。5.especially adv.特别，尤其易混单词易混词词义区别especially特别，尤其表示某事物在重要性上超过其他事物specially专门地表示专门地，为特别目的particularly特别，尤其表示与同类事物不同的个别事物6.w
21、orn adj.磨损的，用旧的wear v.穿；戴 其过去是wore,过去分词为worn短语拓展：wear out 磨损，穿破worn out疲惫不堪；破烂不堪的His pants have been worn out.Can I sit down?Im worn out.二重点短语 1. in advance/ahead of time提前，预先advance n.进步，进展；v.前进，行进；发展，进步advance on/upon/towards朝前进in advance of在前面；超前advanced adj.高级的；先进的；晚期的Thank you in advance!提前向你表示
22、感谢。夯实基础(1)His ideas were in advance of his times(在他那个时代之前).(2)Napoleons army advanced on/upon/towards (朝着前进)Moscow.2. look into 调查，审察短语拓展：look on 旁观 look up 查阅 look into 调查look out 小心，当心 look through仔细检查3. die of 死于die of与die from的区别die of死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词 of.如：die of illness (heart
23、 trouble,cancer,a fever,etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病,癌症,发烧等) die from死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词 from .如：die from an earthquakedie out 灭绝，消失 die off先后死去 die away逐渐减弱，逐渐消失4. carry out 实施1) 实施，执行They are carring out urgent repairs.他们正在进行抢修。2)进行(查询、调查)Extensive tests have been carried out on the pati
24、ent.已对患者进行了全面检查。carry on 继续做，坚持干carry through 成功完成，顺利实现carry off获得；赢得5.mighte have done过去可能做了某事must have done过去肯定做了某事cant/couldnt have done过去不可能做了某事should have done 过去本应该做某事could have done过去本能够做某事It must have rained last night, for the road is quite muddy.昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。He cannot have forgotten it.他
25、不可能忘了它。三重点识记词汇1.mass n.质量；物质；adj.大量的 2.latter n.后者3.handy adj.方便使用的 4.shortly adv.不久；很快5.download vt.下载 6.update vt.更新7.conflict n.争执；冲突 8.equality n.平等9.stain n.污迹，污点 10.starvation n.饥饿11.in advance预先 12.welfare n.福利Unit21重点单词与短语1. slow down减速，放慢速度You must slow down your car. 你必须把车子开慢。Can we slow d
26、own and walk for a bit? 咱们放慢速度步行一会儿好吗?2.with prep.带有，携带1) 带有，携带The writer arrived with a cup of coffee.服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。2)和在一起，和，同Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？3)指原因或理由His face was red with anger.他的脸气的通红。e across 偶遇I came across an old school friend in Osford Street this moring
27、.今天早上我在牛津街碰见了一位老校友。短语拓展：come along跟随come off 举行，发生come through (重病后)康复4.tolerate vt.容忍; 忍受; 容许; 默许I cant tolerate his bad manners any longer. 我再也不能容忍他无礼的行为。Shes not a woman to tolerate being played with 她不是一个能容忍别人玩弄的女子辨析 tolerate/stand/ bear易混词词义区别tolerate容忍忍受与自己不同的行为或认识stand容忍承受困难或不快，常用于否定句bear容忍泛指
28、忍受精神上或肉体上的各种磨难。I wont tolerate your behaving in this way.我不能容忍你这样做。I cant you stand any more.我再也受不了你了。The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种痛苦几乎使他受不了。5. seek vt. (sought, sought )找寻, 寻求; 征求, 请求seek to do sth.设法/试图做某事I will seek my doctors advice. 我将征求医生的意见。Older people may seek their own fri
29、ends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children. 老年人可以找自己的朋友而不会在情感上太依赖他们的子女。6. annual adj. 每的， 一年一次的, 年度的经典例句 The old couples annual outgoing is to go to the seaside.这对老妇每一次的旅游是到海边去。The annual rings of the trees can tell us how old the tree is.轮能够告诉我们这棵树长了多少了。考点聚焦1) annual adj. 每
30、的， 一年一次的, 年度的。如：Their annual happy day is their wedding anniversary.他们每中最幸福的日子是结婚纪念日。2)annually adv. 一一次, 每，作频率状语。如：-How soon do you go to see your son?-Annually.-你们多长时间去看一次儿子？-一年一次。7.in vain徒然，白费，无效短语拓展：in time 及时 in trouble处于困境 in peace和平地in surprise惊讶地 in place在合适的位置，准备就绪8.blame v.把归咎于短语拓展：blame sb. for把归咎于某人；因指责某人blame on sb.把归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)(对坏事)负有责任辨析blame/charge/ accuse易混词词义区别b
