1、江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷2021年江西师范大学附中高三上期中考试英语卷学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读选择 How can we reduce the risk?There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurringoften an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing developm
2、ent. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.Removing the ThreatClearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruptions effects by strengthening structures, for exa
3、mple, building protective works such as walls to make lava (熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.Planning for the FutureProtecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building
4、houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.Disaster Preparedness (预案)When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not b
5、e enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency mea
6、sures must be thought out and agreed upon.If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope (斜坡), 21,000
7、people90 percent of the towns peopledied.1The passage is intended for _.Athe general public BarchitectsCadventurers Dgeographers2When building houses , people tend to _.Ajudge volcanic dangers carefullyBtake volcanic dangers seriouslyClike to live near a quiet volcanoDfind a safer place far away fro
8、m a volcano3The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove _.AThe failure to keep volcanic dangers from happeningBThe importance of preparing for a volcanic eruptionCThe bravery of the people in Armero TownDThe uncertainty of volcanos damageWhen someone is happy, can you smell it? You can usually tel
9、l when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports
10、 Phys.org. For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to_drinking or eating smelly foods during the study peri
11、od.Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive t
12、o emotional signalingthough its unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents. Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scentsparticularly their facial expressionsindicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women
13、 who sniffed them. “Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey. This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a
14、scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of po
15、sitive feelings. Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies（香味疗法）could also be developed to
16、help people through depression or anxiety. Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.4What is
17、the main finding of the new research?APleasant feelings can be smelt out.BNegative emotions have a smell.CMen produce more sweats.DWomen have a better sense of smell.5The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _.Acontinue Bpractice Cavoid Dtry6What is the application value of t
18、he new research?APerfumes could help people understand each other.BSome smells could be created to improve our appearance.CPerfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.DSome smells could be developed to better our mood.7We can learn from the last paragraph that .Ahappiness comes from a scent
19、 of sweatBsocial surroundings can influence our emotionsCpeople need more emotional communicationDpositive energy can deepen understandingNew Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718. Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the Americ
20、an hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France, and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it, and the Am
21、ericans under General Andrew Jackson. The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting（淤积）and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river. Although New Orleans has been a part of the United States
22、 for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which, for many years, was its only law. New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The Jackson Square n
23、eighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting surface of yesteryear is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreign goods are unloaded here. New Orlean
24、s is no longer a sleepy Southern town-but its still fun to visit.8The battle of New Orleans was fought by Jackson against_.AFrance BBritain CSpain DThe North9According to the passage, the Code Napoleon was _.Aan agreement to sell LouisianaBa body of lawsCa city planDa military code for the army10Whi
25、ch of the following elements does not apply to the attitude of the citizens of New Orleans?APride in their French heritage.BA desire to retain colonial buildings.CA refusal to engage in trade and commerceDA praising of Dixieland Jazz.11Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter _.ACreo
26、le food BDixieland jazzCa busy city Dauthentic colonial homes When its five oclock,people leave their office.The length of the workday,for many workers,is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them theyre done.These days,the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches,but on cell-ph
27、ones and computers.That may be a bad thing,particularly at work.New research shows on that clock-based work schedules hinder morale and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours.For example: a meeting from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., research from 10 a.m.to noon,etc.On the oth
28、er hand,task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list,each task starts when the previous task is completed.It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What,then,are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one mak
29、e us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier,they had participints organize different activities-from project planning,holiday shopping,to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under clock time vs task t
30、ime.They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives.Task timers are happier and more creative,but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening,and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue t
31、hat task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in the business culture.Smart companies,they believe,will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office,but the researchers argue that it challenges
32、a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time.While most people will still probably need,and be,to some extent,clock-timers,task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity.Itll make those tasks easier,and the task-doers will be happier.12What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?AIt makes everyb
