1、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.（副词） The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介词）The boys playing football are in Class
2、2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat w
3、ent bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. The teacher came in, with a book in
4、his hand.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. （ 副词 ） Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont
5、 keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five i
6、s ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. （ 介词短语）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的连系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来）,ta
7、ste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉） .等等） It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.二、Exercises：（一）分析下列句子成分：1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great plea
8、sure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.7. I love you more than her, child. 8. Trees turn green when spring comes.9. They pushed the door open. 10. Gran
9、dma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching.13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. Dont get nervous; help yourself to what you like. 16. We wil
10、l make our school more beautiful.17. He didnt come. That is why he didnt know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.21. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.22. The cars made in Japan are better t
11、han those in Germany23. There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him.24. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfill it this month.25. Go back where you came from. 26. We must do whatever the people want us to do.27. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 28. Wo
12、uld you please pass me the cup?29. Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 30. Do you know the latest news about him?（二）请说出下列短文各句中的句子成分：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the ti
13、me of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is la
14、rge, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to d
15、ifferent parts of the garden.（三）给下列短文加上标点符号：During a bullfight a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring the crowd began to shout but the drunk didnt realized the danger the bull was busy with the matador （斗牛士） at the time but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was wearing a red c
16、ap the bull forgot all about the matador and rushed to the drunk the crowd suddenly grew quiet the drunk however seemed quite sure of himself when the bull got close him he stepped aside to let it pass the crowd burst into cheers and the drunk bowed by this time however three men had come into the r
17、ing and they quickly dragged the drunk outside even the bull seemed to fell sorry for him for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more drew its attention to the matador.三、简单句的基本句型1. 主语 谓语本结构是由“主语+不及物动词（词组）”构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，She came. / My head aches. / The sun
18、rises.该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.2. 主语 谓语 宾语 此结构是由“主语+及物动词（词组）+宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。She likes English.The young should take good care of the old.3. 主语 连系动词 表语本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, a
19、ppear, look, smell, taste, sound等；（2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。She is happy. / He fell off his bike and got hurt. / His advice proved （to be） right.4. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语常跟双宾语的及物动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass,
20、pay, promise,return, send, show, teach, tell, write, 等；（需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order,sing, save, spare,等。He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.She gave John a book= She bought a book for me.5. 主语 谓语（及物动词） 宾语 宾语补足语此结构
21、中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.6. There be 句型此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。 现在有 there is / are 过去有 there was
22、/ were 将来有 there will be/ there is / are going to be. 现在已经有 there has / have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be / there must have been. 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be 此句型有时可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,
23、arrive,等词代替be动词。Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for help. There must have been a village here.There lies a book on the desk. 四、翻译练习：（一）主谓结构（主语不及物动词）1. 你应当努力学习。 2. 她昨天回家很晚。3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。 4. 会议将持续两个小时。5. 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经
24、发生了巨大的变化。6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7. 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。8. 每天八时开始上课。 9. 这个盒子重五公斤。10. 五年前我住在北京。 11. 让我们立即行动起来。12. 乌云低沉沉的，天下着大雪。13. 恰好他身边有钱。14. 慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容。15. 背起书包我急忙赶到学校。16. 他满面笑容。 17. 我英文学得不错。（二）主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1. 昨晚我写了一封信。 2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。3. 这本书他读过多次了。 4. 他们成功地完成了计划。5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7.
25、我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。9. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 10. 他不知道说什麽好。（三）主系表结构（主语系动词表语 ）1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。 2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。5. 孩子们，请保持安静。 6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8. 他失业了。 9. 树叶已经变黄了。 10. 这个报告听起来很有意思。 11. 商店开到八点。12机器出了毛病。 13这些努力似乎全都白费了。14这话听起来有道理。 15房里一会儿就挤满了人。（四）双宾语
26、结构（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ）1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 5. 他把车票给列车员看。6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。9. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？ 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？（五）复合宾语结构（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）1我们叫她Alice. 2. 他的父母给他取名为John. 3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4. 他们把门推开了。5. 他们把小偷释放了。
27、 6. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。7. 他请我们参加做游戏。 8. 我要你把真相告诉我。9. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10. 明天我要找人来修理机器。11. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12. 痛苦使得他叫喊起来。13. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14. 他每个月理一次发。15. 我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。16. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了17. 她正在听人家讲故事。 18. 男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。19. 我从来没看见这个字这样用过。20. 他感到很难跟你交谈。21. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。23. 学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。24. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 25. 祝一路平安。26. 你让我等了三个钟头。27. 他捡起了香蕉皮扔到了垃圾箱里。 28. 给我几分钟考虑一下。（六）There be 句型1. 今晚没有会。 2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。4. 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5. 天气预报说下午有大风。6. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7. 战前这儿一直有家电影院的。8. 恰好那时房里没人。9. 从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10. 公共汽车来了。 11. 就只剩下二十八美元了。12.
