1、（从句用 ，句意为自从 有多久）1.He has been here since he was 3 years old.2.He has been here since 1997.3.It is/has been three years since the war broke out.till / until1. 一 般 情 况 下 两 者 可 以 互 换 ， 但 不可以放句首， 可以；2. 遵循“ ”；3. not.until.可译为 。1.He wont go to bed till/untill shereturns.2.Until you told me I had no idea o
2、f it.3.I didnt have any idea of it until you told me.before1.可译为 ；A.It will be + 时间段 + before + 从句（句意为过了 多久才）B.It wont be + 时间段 + before + 从句（句意为没过多久就 ）1.We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.2.It will be half a year before I come back.3.It wont be half a year before I comeback.after1. 可译为 。1. He
3、 read some interesting books afterhe finished homework.as soon as2.遵循“ ”。1. I will call you as soon as I arrive inBeijing.by the time2.时态A.从句为一般过去时，主句为 ；B.从句为一般现在时，主句为 ；1.By the time you came back, I had finished this book.2.By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work. 常用连词地点状语
4、从句where/ wherever1.where 可译为 ；wherever 可译为 ；2.即可指具体地点，又可指抽象地点。1.We should go where everyone needs help.2.You are free to go wherever youlike. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.where 引导状语从句直接修饰 ；2.在定语从句中 where 作为关系副词要跟在 后。例子：Go back where you came from. （ ）Go back to the village where you came. （ ） 常见连词原因状语从句because1.
5、because 表示直接原因， 语气 ， 最适合回答 引导的疑问句；2.because of + ；3.because 和 so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。1.- Why did you went there by bus?- We went by bus because it was cheaper.2.He cant go to school because ofhis illness.1.since 语气 ，表示大家都知道的原因或事实，意为“既然”；2.Since that 和 since 意义相似，that 可省去。1.Since you are free today, you had
6、 better help me with my maths.2.Now （that） everyone is here, letsbegin our discussion.1. as 语气最弱，往往是不明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。1. I went to bed early, as I wasexhausted.for1.for 引导的并列句只能放于主句后并且必须用 将其与主句隔开。2.for 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明。1.He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.2.He could not have seen me, for Iwas n
7、ot there.条件状语从句if1.遵循 ；2.用于表示客观真理时， 主从句都用 ；1.We will stop playing if it rains.2.If you freeze water, it turns into ice.unless2.相当于 1. The concert will be held as scheduleunless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as scheduleif there is not a typhoon.so long as/ as long as1. 可译为 1. I dont c
8、are so/as long as she letsme be with her son. 易错点1. 可同时引导宾语从句和条件状语从句从句释义时态宾语从句2.祈使句， + 简单句。祈使句相当于一个由 if 引导的条件状语从句：用 引导的简单句常表示一个较好的结果，用 引导的简单句常表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。结果状语从句so that2.句型：A. ;B. ;C. ;D. 1.Lily is so lovely that everyone loves her.2.Lily works so hard that she passes the exam.3.Lily is so lovely
9、a girl that everyone loves her.4.Lily reads so many books that she passes the exam.such thatA. 1.Lily is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her.2.She is such a little girl that she cant go to school.练习：1.The boy is young that he cant go to school.2.He is a young boy that he can3.There are many p
10、eople on the street that I dont want to go out.4.It is a little mice that we cant catch it.5.She is nice a girl that everyone loves her.6.She is a nice girl that everyone loves her.目的状语从句/in order that2. 可 放 句 首 ； 不可放句首3.从句常与情态动词 can, may, could, must, might 等连用1.You must speak louder so that /in or
11、der thatyou can be heard by all.2.In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.for fear that/in case1.He wrote the name down for fear that he should forget it.2.Better take more clothes in case the weatheris cold. in order to & so as to1.in order to/so as to + 。此时 in order t
12、o 后面加的被称作目的状语。例句：He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.2.in order to 和 so as to 区别： 可放句首； 不可放句首。He got up early in order to/so as to take the first bus.In order to take the first bus, he got up early.让步状语从句though/although2.一般可 ，但都不
13、能与 连用；3. 可用在句末，表示“可是，然而”1.Although/Though he was exhausted, he kept on working.2.He said he would come; he didnt,though.even though/even if2.可以与虚拟语气连用1.Even though/if it is raining, I will go.2.Even though/if I were busy, I wouldgo.2.引导状语从句需要 （though 可倒装也可不倒装）1.Happy as they were, there was somethin
14、g wrong.2.Much as I like it, I wont buy it.3.Child as he is, he knows a lot.1. No matter who you are, you mustno matter +疑问词/疑问词+ever2.不存在 ；3.no matter how/however 引导的让步状语从句中， 会提前到主语前obey rules.= Whoever you are, you must obey rules.2.No matter how old you are, you should keep studying.3.However har
15、d he works, he couldntpass the exam. 常见连词方式状语从句1. Do as you are told to, or youll be fined.as though/as if1. I feel as if I have a fever.二、英语书面表达专项训练2假如你是李华，你们学校准备组织学生本周五去北京世园会参观。你打算邀请外教 Peter参加。请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他集合的时间和地点，在那里可以做什么，以及参观时需要准备什么。提示词语： school gate, nature, culture, food and drink提示问题： When
16、 and where are you going to meet?What are you going to do there?What do you advise Peter to prepare for the visit?Dear Pete,How is it going?I am writing to invite you to visit Beijing International Horticulture Exposition in Yanqing._Im looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter
17、，I am writing to invite you to visit Beijing International Horticulture Exposition. We will meet at the school gate at 7:00 a.m. this Friday. Then we will go to Beijing International Horticulture Exposition together. We can do a lot of things there. We can not only enjoy the special and beautiful pl
18、ants but also learn different cultures in various indoor or outdoor shows. We plan to stay there for a whole day. Youd better wear a pair of comfortable sports shoes and take some food and drinks with you.Yours, Li Hua【解析】【详解】1. 题干解读：这是一篇给材料作文，属于应用文写作。本文已经给出了主要写作要点，动笔前要先认真阅读要点，写作中，应注意描述的全面性，尽量将提示的内容
19、利用上；提示的问题就是写作的基本方向，然后围绕要点适当发挥即可。2. 例文点评：文章采取邮件格式，时态以一般将来时态为主。语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。3. 高分亮点：短语：school gate；invite sb. to do；a lot of；plan to do。句型：not onlybut also；Youd better ；m looking forward to。3 朋友是我们生活的组成部分，他们总是在我们最需要帮助的时候陪伴我们。你最好的朋友是谁？你是怎么看待你们的友谊的？请以“My Best Friend ”为题，根据以下提示写一篇英
20、语短文。1. 简要介绍你最好的朋友的外貌和性格;2. 介绍和你朋友之间发生的一件令人难忘的事；3. 你是怎样看待你们之间的友谊的要求：1. 语句连贯通顺，文章衔接紧密2. 词数80-1003. 文中不得出现真实校名及姓名Friends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need._【答案】My best friendFriends are very important in our life. They always help us when we are in need. Everyone n
21、eeds friends to talk with and get confidence from.My best friend is Jenny. She is a quiet girl. She is always friendly and helpful. She is a tall girl with long hair. She does well in all the subjects and gets on well with others at school.I was weak in maths. One day, I failed in maths exam. I was
22、so sad that I couldnt help crying. Jenny encouraged me a lot. From then on, she helped me with my maths, With her help, I got an A in the next maths exam. I was really thankful to her.I think friendship is a necessary part of our lives. I want to keep our friendship forever.试题分析：这是一个提纲作文。题目给出了标题及写作要
23、点。根据题目要求可知，人称以第三人称为主。时态为一般现在时和一般过去时。我们要做的就是用正确的英语句子来组织这些材料，在描写外貌和性格时，会用到系表结构，注意主谓一致关系。介绍发生的一件难忘的事情，要用到一般过去时态。另外在写作时可以适当使用一些连词，使之上下连贯，合乎逻辑。【点睛】人物介绍是记叙文中常见的一种写作类型。内容可以是介绍自己也可以介绍他人，包括姓名、年龄、外貌特征、兴趣爱好，有时也可以包括日常活动。时态为一般现在时态。在介绍长相时用“be+形容词”来描述人物的身高、体重、身材等；用“have/has + （straight/curly） hair / （big/small） eyes/nose/mouth”来描述头发或五官。用“wear + 某种衣服”来介绍某人的穿戴。用be good at doing sth.来介绍特长，用like sth./doing sth.best或“My/His/her favorite + 名词+ is ”来介绍某人的最爱。当主语是第三人称单数时，注意主谓一致关系。4书面表达初中就要毕业了，校报“英语角”栏目向同学们征集毕业晚会的计划。假定你是李华，请根据要点 写一封信，说说你的计
