1、oviposition and feeding stimulant产业生态学industry ecology长日照植物long day plant超体积生态位hypervolume niche成本外摊externalized cost程序化死亡programmed cell death尺度效应scaling effect抽彩式竞争competive lottery臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction出生率natality或birth rate初级生产primary production初级生产力primary productivity初级生产者primary produce
2、r传感器sensor串行的serial垂直结构vertical structure春化vernalization次级生产secondary production次级生产力secondary productivity 次生演替secondary successon粗密度crude density存活曲线survival curve存活值survival value存在度presence搭载效应hitchhiking effect大陆岛屿型复合种群mainlandisland metapopulation带状廊道strip corridor单联single linkage单体生物unitary o
3、rganism单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort单元的monothetic淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem氮循环nitrogen cycling等级（系统）理论hierarchy theory等级的hierarchical底内动物infauna底栖动物benthos地表火surface fire地带性生物群落biome地理信息系统geographic information system地面芽植物hemicryptophytes地上芽植物chamaephytes地植物学geobotany第三纪Tetiary period第四纪Quaternary p
4、eriod点突变genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落climax community顶极种climax species动态率模型dynamic pool model动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs动物计数counts of animals冻原tundra短日照植物short day plant断层gaps多波段光谱扫描仪multichan
5、nel spectrum scanner, MSS多度abundance多样化variety多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non-hierarchical非空间模型nonspatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitattracking metapopu
6、lation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative fe
7、edback）负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarses hypothesis高斯理论Coarses theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林
8、威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy-Weinberg princ
9、iple海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environme
10、ntal carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matri
11、x极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌PhosphatesolubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM进化适应e
12、volutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静
13、态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为alt
14、ruism利他作用kairomonal连续体 continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡densitydependent mortality面积效应area e
15、ffect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic 耐阴植物shadeenduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasito
16、idism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体agesex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value气候驯化acclima
17、tisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global 全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global eco
18、logy确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林
19、tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余 redundancy 冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐
20、线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat 生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对
21、策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应eco
22、logical adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem 生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological
