1、a. Foreign direct investmentb. Portfolio investment 证券投资C. Other typesa. Licensing and franchising 许可经营和特许经营b. Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产c. Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1. Customs area关税区:2. Conversion货币兑换3. Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exp
2、orting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. （including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade）4. Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is
3、called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI外国直接投资: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment证
4、券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity（票据等）到期10. Certificate of deposit大额存单11.
5、Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty（许可费）.12. Franchising特许经营: Under franchising,
6、 franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商标14. Patent专利15. Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税16. Copyright版权17. Licenser许可方18. Licensee被许可方 19. Franchiser特许方: A firm who provid
7、es the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a
8、 particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain价值链23. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handi
9、ng it over to the latter upon completion.24. BOT建设、经营和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer25. Expertise专门知识26. Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27. Royalty 许可使用费28. International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29. Contract manufacturing承包生产30. GATT关贸总协定: General Agreement on Tariffs an
10、d Trade31. International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32. Intellectual property知识产权33. Oil deposit: 石油储备 = oil reserves34. the reserves of
11、 natural resources 自然资源储备35. Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。Answer the following questions:1. What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.A: International business refers to transaction between parties from d
12、ifferent countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:（1） Differences in legal systems（2） Differences in currencies（3） Di
13、fferences in cultural background（4） Different in natural and economic conditions2. Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade? Visible trade is the form of commod
14、ity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.3. Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? Cultural dif
15、ferences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.4. Please elaborate（详细说明） on the two categories （种类）of international investment. What is their major difference? FDI （Foreign direct investment） is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested
16、in in a host country. / 外国直接投资：通过控制其它投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit./ 证券投资：不以控制为目的而购买外国的金融资产，如：股票、债券和定期存款单。5. What is licensing? Why do fi
17、rms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market? In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. / 国际许可即：一家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply rece
18、ive income in the form of royalty. 可直接收取知识产权费，不必现金开办新业务Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. 享有当地经营优势，而在所有权和经营上不承担义务The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on
19、the part of the host country. 当东道国的关税高或非关税壁垒多时，国际许可经营更受欢迎。6. What is franchising? How is it different from licensing? Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalt
20、y. / 在特许经营情况下，特许使用方以特许授予方的名义开展业务，后者向前者提供商标、品牌、公司经营技巧等而获取特许使用费。In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.7. What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable? Under
21、a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services （管理或其它专门服务）to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume（相关业务总价值的百分比）. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of
22、 strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.8. What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it? For an internation
23、al turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser （外国买方）and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping（装配设备） before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before f
24、inally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey projectTranslate the following sentences into English:1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transactio
25、n between parties form different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from
26、international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.4.国际
27、贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。Besides trade and investment, international
28、licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.Lesson 2Income Level and the World Market / 收入水平和世界市场（1） GNP and GDP（2） Per capita income and per capita GDP（3） High-income, middle income and low-income countriesA. Standards for classificationB. Representative co
29、untries（4） Triad and QuadA. United StatesB. Western Europe西欧C. JapanD. Canada（5） Other important markets for China1. GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy./ 一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。2
30、. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy./ 一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务的价值。3. National income国民收入4. Per capita income人均收入5. Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.6. PPP购买力平价: Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism消费主义8. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions （比例）of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure基础设施10. Staple goods大路货11. Invoice （开）发票12. Creditor country债权国13.
