1、无法分为个体的实物，如 cotton，tea, air bread等。不可数，没有单复数之分。4）抽象名词：动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness，love, work, life等。可数名词复数形式可以与few，a few，many，several等连用，例如：a few girls。不可数名词是表示不可以计数的事物的名词，不能用不定冠词a（an）或数词one修饰，并且不分单复数，物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词一般都是不可数的，例如：milk （牛奶）；education（教育）。重点：考试的常考考点：判断一个名词是否可数名词，可数名词的单复数形式，不
2、可数名词没有复数形式。1名词的复数规则变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishesStomachstomachs3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-r
3、oofs, gulf-gulfs serf-serf农奴Handkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es有生命的hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tom
4、ato-tomatoes黑人和英雄都爱吃土豆和番茄不少外来词加-s无生命的piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos zoo-zoos hippo-hippos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos mango-mangoes/mangos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months
5、, path-paths,2不规则名词的变化1） 改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。man men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, mouse mice, child children等。2） 单复数形式相同。sheep, deer, fish等，以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位的名词。yuan. （但除了yuan外的其他表示钱的dollor pound 有复数）注意fishfishes的时候表示不同种类的鱼如My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.当fish表示鱼肉的时候单复数同形
6、的注意chickenchickens 表示小鸡 而chicken表示鸡肉的时候复数为chickensunny，please help yourself to some chickens3）有些经常以复数的形式出现的名词如shorts ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, glasses, compasses, contents congratulations4） 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff注意当表示一个人的时候表示：a person 一个警察：a police man 5）部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可
7、以作复数（成员） audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party具体看句子的意思：The family is not large. 这个家庭不大。（指家庭这个整体）The family are all music lovers. 这一家人都是音乐爱好者。（指家庭中的成员）Almost all families in this village have taken part in the program. （指多个家
8、庭）6）注意表示各国人的时候的单复数：国籍 总称（谓语用复数） 单数 复数 中国人 theChinese, aChinese, twoChinese China日本人 theJapanese, aJapanese, twoJapanese Japan瑞士人 theSwiss, aSwiss, twoSwiss Switzerland澳大利亚人theAustralians, anAustralian, twoAustralians Australia俄国人 theRussians, aRussian, twoRussians Russia意大利人 theItalians, anItalian,
9、twoItalians Italy美国人 theAmericans, anAmerican, twoAmericans America印度人 theIndians, anIndian, twoIndians India加拿大人 theCanadians, aCanadian, twoCanadians Canada希腊人 theGreek, aGreek, twoGreeks Greece德国人 theGermans, aGerman, twoGermans Germany法国人 theFrench, aFrenchman, twoFrenchmen France英国人 theEnglish,
10、 anEnglishman, twoEnglishmen England“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men；（3）其他各国人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。Americans, Australians, Indians等。 可依照这个口诀记忆：中日瑞不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。7）合成名词 1将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers,
11、 boy friends2无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches秒表3将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants8）有些不可数名词以复数的形式出现的时候意思有发生改变单数形式复数形式英语汉语Work工作Works著作Water水Waters水域time时间Times时代Good好处goods商品Light光lights电灯Sand 沙子sands沙滩Wood木头Woods树林Cloth布Clothes衣服Glass玻璃glasses眼镜snow雪Snow积雪Manner举止行为manners礼貌Cus
12、tom风俗customs海关9）hair 表示总体时是不可数： His hair is grey如果表示若干根头发可以加复数词尾。 He had a few white hairs.10）以s 结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics等；11）glasses， trousers， 等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of / this pair of/that pair of等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定：Where are my glasses ？My new pair of trousers is too long. Here ar
13、e some new pairs of shoes.12）注意一些常考的不可数名词news advice information如表示一则消息：a piece of news a piece of advice13）有些名词即可以做可数名词也可以做不可数名词例如Beauty美人美丽life生命，生活性命，人命Orange橘子橙汁Paper报纸论文试卷纸Room房间空间Iron熨斗铁15）不可数名词用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词：a piece of news
14、/ information / advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coala bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap注意一些修饰可数名词和不可数名词的不定代词如some可以修饰可数和不可数A few few little a little名词作定语的时候19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoes练习1、误Please give me a paper.正Please give me a pie
15、ce of paper.析不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词，这种原因是对英语中可数与不可数名词的概念与中文中的能数与不能数相混淆了，所以造成了这样的错误，因paper在英语中是属于物质名词一类，是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达，如：two pieces of paper.2、误Please give me two letter papers.正Please give me two pieces of letter paper.析paper作为纸讲是不可数名词，而作为报纸、考卷、文章讲时则是可数名词，如：Each student should write a pa
16、per on what he has learnt.3、误My glasses is broken.正My glasses are broken.4、误I want to buy two shoes.正I want to buy two pairs of shoes.析英语中glasses眼镜，shoes鞋，trousers裤子等由两部分组成的名词一般要用复数形式。如果要表示一副眼镜应用a pair of glasses而这时的谓语动词应与量词相一致。 This pair of glasses is very good.5误I want a few water.正I want a little
17、 water.析不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰，但不可用many,few来修饰。6误Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.正Thank you very much. Your family are very kind to me.7误Dont eat too much meats.正Dont eat too much meat.8误Food in that restaurant is very good.正The food in that restaurant is ve
18、ry good.析物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.9误Please give me two waters.正Please give me two glasses of water.正Please give me two coffees.析物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词， 如：two cups of tea,two glasses of water,a glass of
19、 milk,a loaf of bread, a piece of bread,a box of sugar,a bowl of rice,a bottle of orange,a bag of earth 例： Ill tell you a piece of good news.但只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.10误Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.正Please make room for the lady in the school bus.析英语中更多的名词是含有多种用
20、法和多种含意的， room为可数名词时为“房间”，如：I live in Room 5.而room为抽象名词时为空间上面一句话应译为“请给老妇人在校车上留个地方。”这样的词还有：glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone 石头a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood 木头woods 树林11误Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.正Mary expressed her thanks to her boy friend.析英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： thanks, greens， 而有些词单数形式与复数形式有
21、不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙滩。12误I offered my son my congratulation on his success.正I offered my son my congratulations on his success.析英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands.13误We have many woman teachers in our school.正We have many women teachers in our school.析一般组合名词变为复数形式时只
22、将词中心词变为复数如：half brotherhalf brothers（同父异母或同母异父的兄弟）daughter in lawdaughtersin law,（儿媳）但要注意的是：man drivermen drivers（男司机） woman doctorwomen doctors（女大夫）grown upgrown ups（成年人） 但是boy student则变为boy students14误Physics are very difficult to learn.正Physics is very difficult to learn.析虽以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学，学科名字：
23、Physics. Mathematics politics游戏名称：bowls 专有名称：Niagara Falls（尼亚加拉瀑布） 其他名词：news（消息，新闻）15误Where is my shoe?正Where are my shoes?析常常只用作复数形式的词有trousers, pants, shorts（短裤），socks（袜子）,shoes, gloves（手套）。但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，这时还是应用单数形式。Wheres my left glove?（我左手的手套在哪?）16误I paid five pennies for the sweet.正I paid five
24、pence for the sweet.析英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱。而pennies是指一个个的硬币，如：I want to change this note for pennies.我想把这纸币换成硬币。（即一便士一个的硬币）。17误There are many fruit in the shop.正There are many fruits in the shop.析物质名词为不可数名词，但是用来表示种类时则可以用作可数名词，这里应译为各种各样的水果。18误My father is a good cooker.正My father is a good cook
25、.析一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者，如:teach（教）teacher（老师）,think（想）thinker（思想家）,drive（开车）driver（司机）,sell（卖）seller（卖物者）但不能总是以此类推，比如cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲，而cooker则为厨具，餐具，即锅、碗、勺等做饭用具。19误The young is dancing there.正The young are dancing there.析英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时应按复数名词，如：the rich 富人，the poor（穷人）,the wise 聪明人，但
26、如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，如：The beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。20误This is one of the English Chinese dictionary.正This is one of the English Chinese dictionaries.析one of意为“之一”，of后面的名词要用复数形式21误I think we will make a friend with each other.正I think we will make friends with each other.析make friends 为习惯用
27、法，即交朋友。22误I want to tell you much pieces of good news.正I want to tell you many pieces of good news.析news为不可数名词，但加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前作形容词，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.23、误The teacher with five students are coming
28、 here.正The teacher with five students is coming here.析要注意由with引出的介词短语不是本句的主语，这与连词and有很大的区别，如：The teacher and five students are coming here. 这里由介词引出的短语仅仅是teacher的修饰语。24、误There are a lot of information here, but we dont need them.正There is a lot of information here, but we dont need it.析information为不可数名词，而用作代替它的词要用it而不能用them.25误The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.正The children w
