1、与（某人）较量opposed（adj.）反对的；对立的14consequence（n.）结果；后果；影响consequently（adv.）因此；所以15state（vt.）陈述；说明statement（n.）说明；说法；表白16steady（adj.）平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily（adv.）平稳地；持续地17existence（n.）生存；存在exist（vi.）存在18contribution（n.）贡献contribute（v.）贡献；撰稿1come_about发生；造成2subscribe_to同意，赞成，订阅3go_up上升；增长；升起4be_opposed_to反对5ke
2、ep_on继续6on_the_whole大体上；基本上7on_average 平均来看below/above_average低于/高于平均水平8put_up_with忍受；容忍9and_so_on等等10quantities_of大量的11result_in导致12even_if甚至13on_behalf_of代表一方；作为的代言人14so_long_as只要1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming
3、rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正在变暖。而地球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。名师指津：There is no doubt that.毫无疑问，that引导同位语从句。例句仿写： 毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。There_is_no_doubt_that radio and television are important means of communication.2Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and
4、other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。even if即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句。工程师们如此忙碌，以至于没时间做户外活动，即使他们对做户外活动很感兴趣。The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities，even_if_they_have_the_interest
5、.3It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！so long asas long as只要，引导条件状语从句。只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。As_long_as_we_dont_lose_heart and keep on trying，we are sure to get over difficulties，and achieve our aims.4They als
6、o agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。宾语从句中的强调句型。我不知道是什么事情使他那么伤心。I dont know what it_is_that made him so upset.quantity n量；数量；数目，数额教材原句P26：The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra
7、 carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们向空气中排放大量的多余的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。（1）a quantity of大量的quantities of许多的，大量的in quantity大量的（2）quality n质量As far as Im concerned，it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。（朗文P1667）The cards are cheaper if you buy them in_quantity.大批量购买这些卡片要便宜
8、些。（1）a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。（2）“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。（上海高考）As a result of destroying the forests，a large quantity of desert has_covered the land.由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are_being_wa
9、shed_away each year.随着更多的森林被毁，每年有大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。subscribe vi.同意； 捐赠；订阅；vt.签署（文件）；捐助（牛津P2014）The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.当局不再支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。（1）subscribe to向捐；订阅；预订；签名认可，同意（2）subscribe name签名subscribe a will在遗嘱上签字I was unwilling to subscr
10、ibe to the contract，but it seemed that I had no choice.我不愿在合同上签字，可又似乎别无选择。My main reason for subscribing_to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.我订阅新科学家的主要原因是要跟上科学的进步。Dont go and ask for her idea about our plan.Never will she subscribe to it for the trip.不要去问她对我们这个计划的想法。她不会同意这次旅行
11、的。oppose vt.反对；与（某人）较量（牛津P1209）She remained bitterly opposed to the idea of moving abroad.她仍然强烈反对移居国外。（1）opposeoppose sth.to/against sth.使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗（2）opposed adj.相反的；be opposed to.反对；与对立The parents strongly opposed their daughter going there alone.父母极力反对女儿单独去那里。（朗文P1437）Most company bosses say t
12、hey are_opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。range n范围；射程；类别；（山脉，房屋等的）排列；v.变动，变化；排列（2013辽宁卷书面表达）In addition to these traditional activities，we have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.除了这些传统活动，我们还有一个更广泛的选择，如旅游和拜访我们的亲戚朋友。（1）a
13、wide range of一系列；各种各样in/within range在射程以内，在范围内beyond/out of range在射程外，在范围外（2）range from.to.在范围内变动range between.and.在和范围内变动（3）wideranging adj.范围很广的；向深处延伸的；遥远的College students are of many different ages and come from a wide range of social，cultural and economic backgrounds.大学生们年龄参差不齐，有着不同的社会、文化和经济背景。T
14、he price of the house is well beyond_our_range.这栋房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。He has a number of interests，ranging_from playing chess to swimming.他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的；n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准；v.计算出的平均数湖南卷阅读理解）The library now gets an average of five visits a day.图书馆每天平均有五位顾客拜访。（1）an average of平均有（后
15、跟数词）（2）on （the） average平均起来above/below average在平均水平以上/以下up to average达到平均数；达到一般水准（3）average out算出平均数On_average，people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人健康。Toms work at school is above_（the）_average，while Harrys is below （the） average.汤姆在学校的功课在一般以上，而哈利的功课在一般以下。The economy h
16、as grown at a remarkable rate，averaging almost 10 percent per annual.经济以惊人的速度增长，每年平均增长率将近百分之十。circumstance n环境；情况（通常用作复数形式）教材原句P30：Recycle cans，bottles，plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；情况既然如此in/under no circumstances决不
17、，无论如何都不（放句首时主句用倒装语序）（牛津P344）Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.她明确表示，无论如何她都不会取消旅行。Under no circumstances will_her_parents_allow her to marry such a selfish man.无论
18、如何她的父母都不会让她跟这样自私的人结婚。.完成句子1If you are serious about our relationship，you should _（做出承诺）答案：make a commitment2He is the manager，hiring and firing are_（在他职责范围） of his responsibilities.within the range3_（匆匆看了之后） at the patient，the doctor rang for an ambulance.After a quick glance4In some supermarkets，pr
19、ices of items go up and down_（随意的）at random5We_（坚决反对） helping the young man addicted to alcohol.are firmly opposed to6Rose lost her job again.Dont worry.There is_（大量工作） for girls of her age.a quantity of work.单项填空1（2014宁夏银川模拟）As is shown in the movie，under no circumstances_faith.Ayou should lose Bsh
20、ouldnt you haveCshould you lose Dyou shouldnt have解析：考查倒装。句意为：正如电影向我们展示的，无论在什么情况下，你都不应该失去信心。under no circumstances无论如何都不，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装，再结合句意可知应选C项。C2One of the reasons why huge quantities of good soil_is that floods happen frequently in that area.Ahad been washed away Bhas been washed awayCwere wa
21、shed away Dare being washed away 句意为：大量良田被冲走原因之一是那个地区洪灾频发。quantities of名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。根据One of the reasons.is that floods happen frequently in that area可知要用现在的时态，排除A、C，又因为quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式，所以选D项。D3（2013潍坊高考模拟）Skiing in Taiwan is_most of the time because theres very little snow there
22、.Acommon BaverageCnormal Dimpossible考查形容词辨析。在台湾，大多数时候是不可能滑雪的，因为那里几乎没什么雪。common普通的，常见的；average平均的；normal正常的；impossible不可能的。4（2011天津卷）He was a good student and scored_average in most subjects.Abelow BofCon Dabove考查介词辨析。他是个好学生，而且大部分课程的成绩高于平均分。above average高于平均水平；below average低于平均水平；on average按平均计算。根据a
23、good student可知D项正确。5（2014宁波高三质检）Would you like this gold necklace，Madam?Its beautiful，but out of my price_.Acontrol BreachCaim Drange考查名词词义。你喜欢这条金项链吗，女士？它很漂亮，但是我买不起。out of ones price range超出某人能承受的价格范围，与句意相符。6（2014浙江绍兴质检）Do you_to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy?Absolutely not.I thin
24、k it is just on the rise.Aappeal BopposeCsubscribe Drespond句意为：你同意她关于经济状况的悲观看法吗？完全不。我认为经济在回升。subscribe to同意；appeal to吸引，呼吁，求助于；oppose to反对；respond to对做出回应。根据答语可知C项正确。result in导致（2014南京模拟书面表达）As we know，with the development of economy，the number of cars is increasing very rapidly，thus resulting in so
25、me social problems.众所周知，随着经济的发展，小汽车的数量在迅速增加，结果导致了诸多社会问题。result from.由造成；因而产生as a result结果as a result of.由于的结果without result没有结果；白费It is reported that the terrible accident resulted_in 11 children being killed.据报道这次事故造成11名儿童死亡。However，pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human
26、 progress.但是，人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。 （2011安徽书面表达改编）I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help.As_a_result，I have made steady progress in my studies.我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上稳步增长。put up with容忍；忍受（2011全国卷）I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌它不干净。put
27、up with/bear/stand/tolerate容忍；put aside节省，储蓄，储存put away收起来put forward提出建议；把向前拨put off延期，推迟put out熄灭，扑灭put up提出；推荐；留某人住下（牛津P1615）Im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocketmoney to buy Christmas presents.应当鼓励孩子们省下一部分零花钱来买圣诞礼物。
28、He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting_up_for the night at the hotel.他决定开车回镇上，不在旅馆过夜。One moment please，Im just trying to put you through.请等一下，我这就给你接通电话。come about发生；How did it come about that you were an hour late on such a short trip?这样一次短途旅行你还迟到一小时，这是怎么回事？辨析：happen，occur，take place与break outcome about “发生，产生”，通常与how连用happen“发生”，指偶然的、意外的事情发生take place“发生”，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”break out指战争、火灾、疾病
