1、初中英语近义词同义词词组短语辨析大全 同义词辨析 第11组初中英语近义词、同义词、词组、短语辨析大全同义词辨析第十一组：1reach 的用法reach ri:tM vt. 到达，抵达。表示到达之意的还有 arrive at (in) , get to 等。例如： The president reached Beijing by special plane yesterday.总统昨天乘专机到达北京。 We reached here Thursday morning. 我们是星期四早晨到达这里的。 Dr Bethune arrived in Yanan in the spring of 1938
2、白求恩大夫于1938年春到达延安。 When did you arrive in Europe? 你何时到达欧洲？ She was always the first to arrive at the workshop. 她总是第一个来到车间。 They arrived at the station at two oclock. 他们两点钟来到车站。 We must get to the airport before 8我们必须在八点钟前到机场。 When did you get home yesterday? 你昨天什么时候到家的？ “When did the train arrived?”
3、“Half an hour ago.”火车何时到达的？半小时之前。【注意】在指到达一个洲、国家、城市等大地方时，arrive后多用in；而在指到达一个小地方时，多用at。但如将一个城市当作一个点看待，也可用at。例如： Mary arrived in Shanghai last month. 玛丽上月到达上海。 We arrived at the small village in the evening. 我们傍晚到达那个小村庄。 The train arrived at Jinan at ten o clock. 火车十点钟抵达济南站。2discover 的用法discover disk)v
4、+ vt. 发现(已存在但并不为人所知的事，通常指地方或科学事实)；知道。discover的基本用法如下：1)跟名词或代词：It was Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.是居里夫人发现了镭元素。 Columbus discovered America in 1492哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。2)跟从句： It was discovered that our food was running short. 我们发现粮食快完了。 We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。3
5、)跟带连接词的不定式： We never discovered how to open the box. 我们找不出打开盒子的方法。4)跟复合宾语： We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我们发现他是一名敌特。 We discovered them sitting around a fire talking.我们发现他们围坐在篝火旁谈话。3both b+uI 的基本用法1)both 用作连词。通常与and连用，构成“bothand”形式，意为“和两者都”，使用时，both和and后面一般都跟着相同词类的词。例如： She both plays the pi
6、ano and sings. (both+ 动词+ and+ 动词)她既弹钢琴，也唱歌。 She plays both the piano and the guitar.(both+名词；and+名词)她既弹钢琴，也弹吉他。2)both用作代词。常位于连系动词之后，或实义动词之前；但若当动词是由几个部分组成时，both则放在第一个助动词之后。此外，它可用作主语。如：They are both absent. (同位语)他们俩都缺席。They both agree to stay. (同上)他们俩都同意留下来。We have both studied French.我们两个人都学习过法语。3)b
7、oth还可作形容词。其用法和either相似，但both后面接复数名词，either后面只接单数名词。如：New cities came into being on both sides of the Great Wall. (=New cities came into being on either side of the Great Wall.)长城的两边出现了崭新的城市。4)both的全部否定，应用neither或noteither；而bothnot却是部分否定。如：Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard
8、.(=Either of them was not in good health, but both worked very hard.)他们俩身体都不好，但都努力地工作。Both of them are not teachers. 他们俩并非都是教师。4room ru:m 的基本用法1)room可以用作不可数名词，意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间；地位；余地”。例如：Is there room for me? 还有我的地方吗？Its polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.在公共汽车上为老人让路是有礼貌的。Theres
9、 plenty of room for the desks. 有足够的空地方放课桌。Theres room for three more. 还有三个人的位置。I havent much room to move here.我这儿没有多少活动余地。Can you make room for another?你还能腾出一个(或一件东西)的地方吗？This table takes up too much room-wed better put it out. 这张桌子占的地方太大，我们最好把它搬到外头去。2)room可以用作可数名词，意为“房间，室；一套房间；寓所”。例如：How many room
10、s are there in this hotel? 这家饭店里有多少房间？This room is a very pleasant one. 这个房间很舒服。【注意】与room常合成的词有：bathroom 洗澡间；sitting-room 起居室；dinning-room 饭厅；schoolroom教室5prepare的用法prepare prip#+ vt. vi. 准备1)跟名词或代词(可有较活译法)：Please prepare the table for dinner. 请摆好桌子吃晚饭。Mother is preparing us a meal. 母亲正为我们做饭。2)跟不定式：
11、They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他们正忙着准备休假。3)prepare for引起的短语表示“为做好准备”。We were given two days to prepare for the examination.给了我们两天时间准备考试。Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.谚存最好的希望，准备应付最坏的情况。6way的用法 1)way(意为“方法”)经常不用介词。例如：I think youre putting it together (in) the wrong way.我认为你把它装
12、错了。Do it any Way you like. 你爱怎么干就怎么干。在有关从句的句子里，我们在way后面常用that来代替in which。例如：I like the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜欢他组织会议的方法。2)way后面可跟“带to的动词不定式”结构，也可跟“of+ -ing”结构。两者之间没有重要区别。例如：Theres no way to prove he was stealing money. 无法证明他在偷钱。Theres no way of proving he was stealing money.无法证明他在偷钱
13、。3)不要混淆in the way和on the way：in the way是用来谈障碍-阻止你到想去的地方的人或物；on the way意为“在途中”。试比较：Please dont stand in the kitchen door-youre in the way.请不要站在厨房门口-你挡了我的路。Lets not stop too often on the way. 咱们别老在途中停留了。7offer的用法offer作为及物动词，有以下几种意思：1)提供，提出。如：The young man offered the old woman his own seat.那位年轻人把自己的座位
14、让给那位老大娘。 2)出价，开价(常与介词for连用)。如：I offered him 10,000 for the house.我出价一万英镑向他买那座房子。I offered him the house for 10,000我以一万磅的价格把那座房子卖给他。3)表示愿意做某事(常与不定式连用)如：We offered to go with him. 我们表示愿意和他一道去。另外，offer也可作为名词用，意思是“提供”，“提供的事物”。如：You ought to accept the offer. 你应该接受这个提议。8turn 一词的几种常见用法1)Take turns to do,
15、take turns at doing 或do by turns 都表示“轮流做某事”的意思。Its ones turn to do 表示“轮到某人做某事”。注意表达时turn 一词的单复数形式。如：Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.两人一组，轮流请对方吃第二部分列出的食物。They took turns to keep watch.他们轮流站岗。(=They kept watch by turns.)We take turns to make/ at making dinner.我们轮流做晚饭。(=We m
16、ake dinner by turns.)The two drivers took turns at driving the truck.两个驾驶员轮流开车。(=drove by turns.)Its your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背诵这篇短文了。Whose turn is it to speak now? 现在轮到谁发言了？【注意】 Wait your turn是“等着轮到你”的意思，这里wait后不能接for。Wait your turn = Wait until it is your turn.2)turn = become，用作连系动词。如：I
17、n autumn the leaves turn brown. 秋天树叶变黄。Ice turns into water when (it is) heated. 冰加热变成水。Three years later, he turned thief/ doctor.三年后他变成了贼/医生。【注意】句中，turn接表示主语身份的名词时，该名词前不带冠词。说“情况变得更糟了”，英语是 get worse 或 turn for the worse，而个说 turn worse.3)turn out表示“结果”，如：The project turned out (to be) a failure.计划结果
18、失败了。(to be可省略)The day turned out to be a fine one. 结果那天是个晴天。I hope everything will turn out fine/ well/ all right. 我希望一切都会好的。4)turn up = appear, be found 表示“出现”。如：He promised to come, but so far he hasnt turned up yet.他答应来的，可到现在还没出现。I expect the missing watch will turn up one day.我希望那块丢失的手表哪一天会出现。To
19、m is always waiting for something to turn up.Tom总是等待着好运会降临。5)其它turn所用于的情况：Dont always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.碰到生词时不要总是查词典。Dont turn to him for help. 不要求助于他。He turned the key in the lock. 他用钥匙开门。Turn over the page. 翻过一页。The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.医生把
20、他翻过来查看他的背。Turn it round and let me see the other side. 把它转过来，让我看另一面。Turn away from the light. 背过光去。Turn down the radio/ light. 把收音机音量放小些/把灯调暗些。Turn your pocket inside out. 把你的口袋翻过来。Turn the bottle upside down. 把瓶倒过来。(11)She was angry and turned her back to me. 她生气了，背对着我。(12)Turn your eyes this way.
21、朝这边看。9ship 作为动词的用法1)ship作为及物动词，意思是“用船运送”、“运送”。如：They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他们于上星期用船把那台机器从上海运到天津。Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?他是用火车还是用飞机运送那批货物的？2)ship作为不及物动词，意为“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”。如：He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道别，乘船到英国去
22、了。He shipped as cook. 他在船上当厨师。重要词组短语1be made into, be made of, be made from 和be made up of 的用法区别1)be made into意思是“被制成”。如：In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.在世界许多地方玉米被制成粉。We can make glass into different kinds of things.我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。2)be made of原为 be made out of， out常被省略。这一短语表示成品制成后
23、，仍保留了原材料的形状，制作过程仅发生了物理变化。如：The desks and chairs are made of wood. 这些课桌都是木头制成的。The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。3)be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外性和特性，原料在制作过程中发生了化学变化，从成品已无法辨认。如：Gas is made from coal. 煤气由煤制成。This kind of wine is made from rice. 这种酒是米制成的。4)be made up of是“由组成”的意思。如：The article is
24、made up of four parts.这篇文章由四部分组成。The sports team is made up of twenty members.这支运动队有二十人组成。【注意】be made of，be made into和make into许多时候可互换使用。如：Bread is made of flour.=Flour can be made into bread.=We can make flour into bread.=We can make bread (out) of flour.2help oneself 的用法help oneself是固定用法，可单独使用，也可和
25、介词to连用。主要有四种含义：1)serve oneself (with food or drink) 自用(食物等)。如：There is some bread on the table. You may help yourself to it. 桌子上有面包，你自己拿去吃吧！-Can I have a drink?-Help yourself.“我可以喝点吗？”“别客气(随便喝吧)！”“Jill, help yourself to the pancakes. They are delicious”. 吉尔(自己)拿些煎饼吃吧！非常好吃！2)take for (oneself), esp.
26、dishonestly, 擅自取用。此时，to后宾语不一定是食物类，而可以泛指其他各种物品。如：The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself (to it). 桌上有钱，左右无人，于是他就拿走了。Before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出门前，父亲再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子里的药。【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替别人取食物等
27、。”如：May I help you to some more meat? 我帮你再拿些肉好吗？3动词时态和by引起的时间状语by引导的时间状语，有“在某时前、到某时为止”、“到某时”的意思，所修饰的谓语动词的时态既取决于by短语，指过去、将来还是现在，也取决于谓语动词是动作动词还是状态动词。详述如下：1)by引导的时间状语表示过去某一时间(1)如谓语动词是动作动词，该动作到by短语所示时间时已经完成，则用过去完成时。如：By the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab for himself.到了十岁时，他为自己建了一个
28、化学实验室。(2)如谓语动词是动作动词，该动作到by短语所示时间时尚在进行之中，则用过去进行时。如：By seven oclock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.到七点时，北风比以往吹得更强劲了。(3)如谓语动词是状态动词，表示到by短语所示时间时存在的状态，则用过去时。如：By that time the Japanese were already very near.到那时，日本人已经很近了。By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.到那时，他知道他长大后要干什么。(4)如谓语动
29、词是状态动词，表示到by短语所示时间时该状态已延续若干时间，则用过去完成时。这时，另有一个表示一段时间的状语，说明该状态延续的时间长度。如：By the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship for two years.到上月底，我兄弟在那艘轮船上已有两年了。2)by短语表示将来某一时间(1)谓语动词如果是动作动词，则用将来完成时或一般将来时，表示到by短语所表示的时间时该动作将完成。如：Quite often youll find the unknown word comes again, perhaps several ti
30、mes and by the end of the chapter youll have guessed its meaning.你常常会发现，那个不认识的单词会再次出现，也许会多次出现。到全章快读完时，你就会猜出这个词的意义了。We will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.到明天中午我们将把工作做完。在主动词为过去式的宾语从句中则用过去将来时。如：Mrs Adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m. 亚当斯认为电影到晚上十点半会结束。(2)如谓语动词是状态动词，则用一般将来时，表示到by短语所示时间将出现的状态。如：Your son will be all right by supper time.到吃晚饭时你儿子(的病)就会好了。He wont be here by this time tomorrow.明天这个时候他还不会到这里。3)by短语表示现在如谓语动词是动作的动词，则用现在完成时，表示到现在该动作已完成。如： Perhaps shes recovered by now. 也许现在她已恢复健康了。4be able to与can的用法区别be able to表示能力，意思上与can没有区别，但can只有现在式和过去式(could)，而 be ab
