1、Discharge can not be used after the manner of charging the internal regeneration of active substances called primary cells, also known as a one-time battery. Can be used after discharge rechargeable internal activity of the establishment of renewable material, the energy stored as chemical energy, t
2、he need to discharge the chemical energy to electrical energy is converted to the battery, called the battery, also known as secondary batteries.（B）, lead-acid batteries 1, the definition of Lead-acid battery is a battery, the main feature is the use of dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte to do with le
3、ad dioxide and lead, respectively, velvet-like cells as a positive and negative battery acid. 2, classification Battery plate according to the types of structure: there is the formation of style, painted cream and tubular batteries.By the battery cover and the types of structure: there are open-type
4、, exhaust type, anti-acid-type explosion-proof and sealed valve-regulated batteries. Battery maintenance mode by Category: A general-type, low maintenance type, maintenance-free battery. In accordance with the provisions of the relevant standard of Chinas battery products mainly include: Starting ba
5、tteries: mainly used in automobiles, tractors, ships, such as diesel engine start-up and lighting. Fixed-type batteries: mainly used in telecommunications, power plants, computer systems as a means of protection, automatic control of the standby power. Traction-type batteries: batteries mainly used
6、in a variety of vehicles, forklifts, lift trucks, such as dynamic power. Railway Battery: mainly used in railway locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger cars starting, lighting of the driving force. Motorcycle Batteries: Motorcycle main specifications for a variety of start-up and lighting. Min
7、e used batteries: mainly used for electric locomotive traction power supply. Battery Energy Storage: mainly used in wind power, hydro-electric power energy storage. 3, the basic structure: lead-acid batteries are generated mainly by the following components:1, hard-rubber trough 2, anode plate 3, ca
8、thode plates 4, partition 5, saddle 6, bus 7, rubber seal 8, the battery slot cover 9, to connect 10 most column 11, the exhaust bolt Positive and negative electrode Plate lead-acid batteries, according to chemical structure and method of active substances can be divided into four categories: style
9、pasted plate, tubular plate, into a plate-type, semi-chemical-type plate. Paste-type electrode coated by the grid and active material composition. Grid to support the role of active substances and conduction current, so that uniform current distribution. Material grid of lead-antimony alloys in gene
10、ral, the use of maintenance-free lead-calcium alloy batteries. Cathode active material mainly composed of lead dioxide, the main components of cathode active material for the velvet-like lead. Partition Battery separators are microporous rubber, fiberglass and other materials, its main role is to:Po
11、sitive and negative electrode to prevent short-circuit; to enable the smooth passage of the electrolyte anion Chiang Kai-shek. Slow positive and negative electrode active material of the loss, positive and negative plates to prevent damage due to vibration. Electrolyte Battery electrolyte is an impo
12、rtant part of its role is to conduction current and to participate in electrochemical reaction By concentrated sulfuric acid electrolyte and purified water （deionized water） from the preparation, the purity and density of the electrolyte of the battery capacity and life expectancy have had a signifi
13、cant impact. Battery shell, covered Battery shells, cover the positive and negative electrode and electrolyte loading of containers, generally made of plastic and rubber materials. Exhaust bolt Exhaust bolt generally made of plastic material, the role of the battery from sealed to prevent air entry,
14、 to prevent electrode oxidation. At the same time, the battery can be recharged when the gas produced from the battery to avoid dangerous batteries. Before use: the need to bolt on the exhaust of the blind hole pierced with wire in order to ensure smooth gas overflow.Second, the use of battery elect
15、ric vehicles and maintenance （A）, batteries installed Battery generally used in series, that is, the cathode of a battery with one battery connected to the anode, all the batteries together, and finally the remaining positive and negative terminals with the wiring connected to the corresponding elec
16、tric vehicles, electric vehicle motor, controller, instruments such as the electricity load is a battery. Battery electric vehicles are generally box, from the installation location divided slash-style, after the plug and the chassis-mounted, the shape of its structure can be varied. Each depot has
17、its own electrical characteristics. Figure battery box generally made with engineering plastics, and its strength is better, lighter weight, ease of installation. General by the end of the battery box tank, roof, and charge the battery contact point socket, trams, etc. lock. Trough and fastens at th
18、e end of the superstructure, and self-tapping fastening screws or bolts. Battery battery box is based on the design of model specification, the design should be considered in the whole of its good heat dissipation. （B）, the rechargeable battery Battery is not bad but bad charge, this is not alarmist
19、 talk, the performance of good and bad battery life of the battery and use play a decisive role in performance, attention must be given. 1, the battery charging process on the requirements Rechargeable battery technology for understanding the basic requirements is to analyze the basis of charging te
20、chnology. Rechargeable batteries of the basic requirements are: the charge current should be less than or equal to the battery charge current can be received. Otherwise, the current surplus would electrolyte consumed too quickly, resulting in the following hazards:Increased battery water loss, incre
21、ased the maintenance workload for the maintenance-free batteries, can cause early battery failure; produce mist, resulting in environmental pollution, health hazards to workers; so charging efficiency, resulting in a serious waste of energy. Charging process of electrochemical reaction is the discha
22、rge process of the reverse reaction, if the charging process of electrochemical reaction in an ideal state, and this process should be complementary to each reverse reaction, that is filled with the release of the power of electricity should be basically the same. However, in a serious state of gas,
23、 the effective charge of the electrochemical reaction process power consumption of less than 40% of the total electricity consumption, that is a waste of energy more than 60%. Gathered gases within porous electrode in the battery to reduce the electrolyte and the porous electrode contact area, that
24、is, the electrochemical reaction of the interface charge is drastically reduced, so that the speed of chemical reactions reduce the charge, the charge is very difficult to extend the charging time. Gas will be serious damage to the battery: a large number of gases have on the plate were washed activ
25、e role of the active substance soft and easy to fall off. polarization at the higher voltage, the positive plate grid of serious corrosion, generation of Pb02, such structures and electrochemical corrosion Pb02 survival is completely different, which is not reversible oxide, conductive poor and grid
26、 deformation, brittle fracture, the loss of the role of skeleton and conductivity. Should be in charge to prevent over charge as much as possible. Rechargeable long-term lack of response to the active substance did not produce irreversible positive large granular high PbS04 grain （that is, irreversi
27、ble sulfation） to decrease battery capacity, internal resistance to increase, charging more difficult, resulting in early damage to the battery. Therefore, as far as possible to ensure sufficient battery power to prevent irreversible sulfation. 2, the frequency of the choice of charging Battery life
28、 cycle of the depth of the impact of large changes in the basic exponentially. This is because the positive active material for Pb02, the combination of fastness is not high, discharge time and charge into PbS04 into PbO2, and PbSO4 size larger than PbO2 （the volume ratio of about 2: 1）. Therefore,
29、the positive plate, the actives will be repeated contraction expansion to the connection between the particles gradually fell off, so that the loss of battery discharge characteristics actives become anode mud so that the battery performance until the end of life. Deeper depth of discharge, the grea
30、ter the amount of expansion contraction of activity in the greater destruction of binding force, the shorter life expectancy; the other hand is the longer cycle life. In theory the battery should be avoided as far as possible the use of deep discharge, shall be sufficient ground shallow place, provi
31、ded there is a special match with the matching charger. However, in actual use, due to battery performance and battery by the charger itself and the discrete charge and the charge used to the speed of the impact of higher than the voltage charger, charging more or less existed. In particular, the majority charge at night, generally in 6-10 hours, with an average of about eight hours, if shallow discharge, the charge will soon reach the end of the efficiency of this low charge will result in charge-off. Have relatively
