1、考研英语二真题详细解析Section Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher a
2、t what is supposed to be a place of refuge.段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大（more stressed at home than at work），第二句通过具体的实验结果描述对首句进行道理论证（cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高）。从考点设置来说，本段首句+第二句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观点进行正确选项的设置。 “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stre
3、ss at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for
4、 non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经历的压力更小。第二句进一步强化首句内容：女性更喜欢工作而非在家中，而男人却更加喜欢待在家中。第三句+第四句提出另外一个让人吃惊的事实，没有孩子的夫妻更加喜欢工作环境而非家庭环境。从考点设置来说，本段倒数第二句存在于上句的并列+句内转折+最后一句的道理论证，属于重要考点，可以设置相应的细节题。 What the study doesnt measure is whether people are
5、 still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-u
6、p-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. 本段首句提出研究的漏洞人们是否会在家继续工作？工作是家务还是办公室的工作？第二句到第四句给出对立的观点：对男人而言，下班即意味着不用工作了，而对于女性而言，上班或者下班都
7、有工作要处理（ catch-up-with-household tasks）。最后一句对前四句做出总结，女性在家中的压力明显多过男性（women are more stressed at home）。从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点是最后一句的总结内容，对本段第二句到第四句的对比结构给出了明确的确定性的观点，且本身带有比较结构（more stressed），适合设置细节题正确选项。But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working,
8、 making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.本段首句给出抽象观点：这不仅仅是性别的问题。第二句+第三句指出工作场合下人们的目标很明确付出劳动获得酬劳（working, making money）。从考点设置来说，本段首句为抽象观点，不适合考察。第三句
9、带有冒号，对第二句进行进一步的解释说明，可以在二三两句话之间设置细节题考点。重点是第三句话内容。On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home coll
10、eagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.本段首句明确与上段二三两句构成转折：人们在家中的目的性
11、就不明确了。第二句到本段结束为对首句内容的进一步解释:家务分工一般很难明确，（Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out），家务繁重且报酬很少（ a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards），你也不能因为他们干得不好而把他们给开除了（You cannot fire your family）。从考点设置来说，本段首句与上段形成对比，从第二句开始对首句的no such clarity进
12、行进一步解释，重点对本段第二句开始到最后一句的内容中进行考察。可以设置相应的细节题。So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.本段首句+第二句对之前内容进行总结。从考点设置来说，本段不存在新观点，不具备考察的条件。21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home
13、Awas an unrealistic place for relaxationBgenerated more stress than the workplaceCwas an ideal place for stress measurementDoffered greater relaxation than the workplace试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干most previous surveys定位到原文首段第一句。本题考察的是大部分之前的调查的观点，而原文首段第一句指出，一个和绝大部分之前调查相反（contrary to）的新研究指出（new study），人们在家中比工
14、作中存在更大的压力。反过来说，原先的大部分研究都是认为在家中不如工作中的压力大，因此选项D（家庭可以提供更大的舒适度）是正确的。干扰排除：选项A指出家庭不适合放松，而B指出家庭会产生更多的压力，都是和原文首句内容相反的信息，可以直接排除。而选项C在原文首段并没有提到，可以直接排除。22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?AWorking mothersBChildless husbandsC Childless wivesDWorking fathers试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过题干人名Dam
15、aske定位到文章第二段，本题考察的是在家中感觉最快乐的人是谁。通过第二段的语篇分析，本段中最重要内容应该是带有带有并列结构的两个观点。前一个观点是男人比女人在家中更开心。之后的并列内容（another）中句内转折之后指出没有小孩的夫妻（non-parent）比有小孩的夫妻更开心，综合起来，最开心的自然就应该是没有小孩的丈夫在家中是最为开心的，因此选项B是正确的。干扰排除：通过本段倒数第二句明确没有小孩的夫妻是更快乐的，所以选项A和D可以快速排除，选项B和C要依靠本段第二句的Damaske的引号内的观点来进行排除，C是错误的，妻子在工作中更加的快乐而不是家庭中。23 The blurring
16、of working womens roles refers to the fact they Athey are both bread winners and housewivesBtheir home is also a place for kicking backCthere is often much housework left behindDit is difficult for them to leave their office试题类型：通过题干中的blurring of working womens roles定位到原文第三段中的最后一句。题干考察的是工作女性模糊的角色意味着
17、什么。而原文定位点当句的the blurring of working women提示在本句之前已经出现对这种模糊角色的解释性的信息（the是定冠词，其后名词没有定语做解释时，往往意味着之前已经提到相关内容），而本段倒数第二句指出妻子不光要在外工作（work outside home）,还要在家里继续承担家务（playing catch-up-with-household tasks）。等同于选项A中的bread winner（依靠工作获得收入）and housewives(家庭主妇)。干扰排除：选项B对应的是本段第二句，原文大意是男性可以在一天工作结束后休息（kick back），而不是女性
18、，所以B出现指代错误。选项C对应本段最后一句中的home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments（女性面对的家务的调整空间比面对工作时少的多），并不等同于还有很多家务留给女性去面对，所以C可以排除。选项D的内容在原文中并没有出现，可以直接排除。24.The word moola(Line 4， 4)most probably means AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition试题类型：词汇题解题思路：通过题干定位到文章第四段。Moola所在单句中存在并列结构，大意是员工付出体力和精力来换取
19、维持生活的moola。根据常识可以判断大意应该是“酬劳，薪水”之类的意思。而在上一句中，出现和本句draws out life-sustaining moola基本一样的结构：draw an income。因此确定答案应该是和income相关的内容，选项C是正确的。干扰排除：选项A，B和D与原文大意差距太大，可以直接排除，此题只要抓住并列结构对考生并不会产生太大的难度。25.The home front differs from the workplace in that Ahome is hardly a cozier working environmentBdivision of labo
20、r at home is seldom clear-cutChousehold tasks are generally more motivatingDfamily labor is often adequately rewarded试题类型：事实信息题解题思路：通过顺序原则直接定位到文章第五段（题干考察的是家庭和公司的不同之处，文章最后一段内容太少，出现正确选项的概率非常低，因此第五段为重点阅读段落）。通过第五段的语篇分析，本段首句首先通过however与上段形成转折（在家中人们就没有这么明确的目标了）。第二句利用否定结构（rare）展开首句内容（面对家务问题很难像面对工作那样冷静的有条不紊
21、的进行分工）。第三句开始直到最后一句都是在描述第二句的内容家庭成员会因为奖励不够，不会被开除等等因素而对家务活消极懈怠。因此选项B是正确的，B中的division是贯穿本段的内容。干扰排除：选项C和D都是对家务劳动的正面评价（C指出家务活更能激励人，D指出家人总是能够因为做家务得到足够的奖励）。原文第五段明确指出there are inadequate rewards for most of them（奖励是不够的），而第六段最后指出the co-workers（暗指family labor） are much harder to motivate（很难激励他们），因此选项C和D都可以排除。选
22、项A指出家庭不是一个舒适的工作环境，这点在文章中没有明确指出，更不要说这是家庭和公司之间的不同，可以直接排除。Text 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college studentsthose who do not have a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are hig
23、her. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created a paradox in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means tha
24、t higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.本段首句提出观点第一代大学生们的学业成绩相对父母是大学生的二代大学生更低（lag other students on a range of education achievem
25、ent factors）。第二句继续指出他们的分数更低而且退学率更高。第三句通过转折结构指出大学几年来更多的招收这类学生（因为一旦他们完成学业将来在经济上会有更大的成功）。最后一句为长难句，与第三句再次构成转折关系，给出专家观点：高等教育在进一步扩大社会阶层间的差距，而不是缩小（ higher education has continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close achievement gap based on social class）。从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点结构应该是最后一句（长难句+人物观点+句内转折+句内否定），可
26、针对本句进行细节题正确选项的设置。 But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation
27、 and other students. 本段单句提出相反观点：研究也乐观的给出了解决问题的方案，可以有效的缩小一代大学生同其他人间的差距（但是没有指出该方案是什么，很大可能在下一段展开）。从考点设置来说，本段为带有原因（as）的长难句，可以针对原因部分设置细节题。 The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed priva
28、te university.First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at
29、least one parent with a four-year degree.本段首句介绍了报告的背景（调查对象，报告人信息）。第二句对一代大学生做出定义。第三句为长难句，介绍了一代大学生获得助学金的概率要大于非一代大学生。从考点设置来说，本段第三句虽然存在数据，但是是对一代大学生和非一代大学生的区别比较（是否能够获得助学金），属于考点结构可以设置正确选项。Their thesis-that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-generation
30、 students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.本段首句为长难句（带有句内转折），重要内容是most lacking no
31、t in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues（一代大学生最缺乏的是应对问题的实践知识）。第二句承接首句指出必须要缩小这种差距而避免未来成就上差距的加大。从考点设置来说，本段首句为长难句+句内转折，属于重要考点结构，可以设置正确选项。Many first-generation students struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the rules of the game，and ta
32、ke advantage of college resources, they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational experience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not understand how students like them can improve.本段首句描述了一代大学生的努力：学习中产阶级文化以及游戏规则，利用大学资源。第二句指出了目前大学存在的问题：不会和
