1、English Basic Tenses(时态),他昨天来了.他已经来了.他明天来.汉语借助词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过谓语动词时态变化来表现.任何句子都要先注意时态.,He came yesterday.,He has come.,He will come tomorrow.,一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense),一般现在时(The Simple Present tense,一般将来时(The Simple Future Tense),现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),过去进行时(The Past Cont
2、inuous Tense),现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense),过去完成时(The Past Perfect Tense),过去将来时(The Simple Past Future Tense),How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化),Example:I _(spend)my childhood happily with my old friends.We always _(play)football and basketball together and
3、 we _(not)have so much homework to do as now.We _(be)happy at that time.,spent,played,didnt,were,一般过去时(The Simple Past Tense)1.结构:谓动用动词过去式2.用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,last week,an hour ago,in 1982等。,How is your daily life as a high school student?,(3 sentences or more,使用实意动词和系
4、动词,注意动词形式变化),二.一般现在时(The Present Indefinite)1.结构:主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.,I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates,but sometimes I miss my families.,2.用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如often/usually,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday。,2)表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理。The earth moves around the sun.
5、,3)表示已安排或计划好将来必定会发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等动词中，常与时间状语连用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.,Dad said to me,“I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.”Dad told me(that)he _(buy)a computer for me if I could pass the exam.,would buy,.过去将来时(The past future sim
6、ple Tense),1.用法:过去将来时表示立足于过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句中.,2.结构:Should/would+动词原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.,2).其他形式 was(were)going to was(were)to+动词原形 was(were)about to,犹如,picture,How will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to,三.一般将来
7、时(The Simple Future Tense)will/be going to do,2.be+to do，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to have an exam this week.,3.be about to do,表示马上做某事,不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用.He is about to leave for Beijing.,What are they doing now?They are having a class.,四.现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),2.用法：1)表示现在(指说话时)正在发生的事情。We are
8、having English class now.2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.,1.结构:be(am,are,is)+doing,3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于表示移动的动词,如:come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?,On August 8,2008,the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in
9、Beijing.,What were you doing on that day?,五.过去进行时(The Past Continuous Tense),1.结构：was/were+doing2.用法:表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态。常用的时间状语at ten yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while,English,boring or funny?,Q1:How old were you when you first started learning English?Q2:How long have you learnt
10、 English?A:We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.,六.现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense),1.结构:have(has)+过去分词2.用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如:so far,up to now,recently,in the past 6 years,since,for 等等,I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.,2).表示发生在过去
11、的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once等等.We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?,比较一般过去时与现在完成时,1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago.（现在不在了)My family have lived in Zhuhai
12、 for 10 years.(目前还在珠海),2).过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与不确定的或包括现在在内的时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具体的过去时间）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000.(since 2000表示从2000年至今,包括现在在内)I have just bought an apartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语）,注意：,非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作
13、不发生的状态是可以持续的。I have received his letter for a month.（错）I havent received his letter for almost a month.（对）,比较since和for,since+时间点,用来说明动作起始时间for+时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.,七.过去完成时(The past perfect Tense),结构:had+过去分词 概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-
14、|-过去之前 过去现在将来,You graduated(毕业)from Junior Middle School in July 2009.You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.,When the police arrived,the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom,my dear students _(begin)reading.,had run away,had begun,ExercisesI usually _ up at 6:00,but yeste
15、rday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30.(get)Listen!Someone _(knock)at the door.I _(be)in Beijing for two years.How often _ Andy _(surf)the internet?He fell asleep while he _(read)a book.,group competition,get,will get,got,is knocking,have been,does,surf,was reading,6.I _ never _(hear)of tha
16、t man before.7.My brother often _(go)for walks last summer.8.Lily said she _(put)on the new dress the next day.9._ the story _(happen)in London in 1949?10.What _ his mother _(do)when he opened the door?,have,heard,went,would,Did,happen,was,doing,11.If it _(not rain)tomorrow,they _(go)fishing.12._ yo
17、ur mother _ the piano every Sunday?13.They _(not)call you the day after tomorrow.14.Tom _(work)there since two years ago.15.By the time I _(walk)into the classroom,the teacher _(start)teaching.,doesnt rain,will go,Does,has worked,wont,walked,had started,play,Jenny Jenny _(be)a foreign girl.She _(com
18、e)from the United States.Look,she _(draw)pictures in the living room.Two years ago,her parents _(move)to China.Jenny _(not have)any friends,so she _(feel)lonely.But now,she _(have)many Chinese friends and _(study)with them everyday.Jenny _(visit)her grandparents in the United States next month.,is,c
19、omes,is drawing,moved,didnt have,felt,has,studies,will visit,an empty street an empty housea hole inside heartIm all alone and the roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh!my love,Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovet
20、hat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno my dream will take me therewhere the skies are blue to see youonce again my love,One good turn deserves another I _(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in.Tony _(work)in a lawyers office years ago,but he _(work)at a bank now.He _(get)a good sa
21、lary,but he always _(borrow)money from his friends and never _(pay)it back.Tony _(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at the same table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I _(ask)him to lend me twenty pounds.To my surprise,he _(give)me the money immediately.I have never borrowed any money fro
22、m you,Tony said,so now you can pay for my dinner!,was having,worked,is working,asked,saw,came,has,sat,gave,was eating,borrows,gets,pays,borrowed,动词的语态(voice),动词的语态,语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。,We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _.Milk _.Summary(总结):is/was+don
23、e(p.p),Present/past simple(一般现在/过去时),was watched by us last night,is drunk by me everyday,Will/would be done新电脑下周将投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.妈妈告诉我我的自行车明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.,Present/past future(一般将来时/过去将来时),am/is/are being donewas/were
24、being done中国国家大剧院正在建设当中。The National Opera Building is being built at present.,Present/past progressive(现在进行时/过去进行时),has/have been donehad been done这个问题已经得到了圆满的解决。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的时候，牛奶已经卖完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night.,Present/past perfec
25、t(现在完成时/过去完成时),不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态比较：rise是不及物动词；raise是及物动词。The price has been risen.The price has risen.The price has raised.The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.,(错),(对),(错),(对),(错),(对),要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在
26、学习过程中多留意积累。,一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+p.p.(过去分词)一般过去时:be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时:will be+p.p.过去将来时:would be+p.p.现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+p.p.过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+p.p.现在完成时:have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时:had+been+p.p.,Challenge yourself!,1、对於这个问题，关注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measures should be taken to stop the river from being polluted.,
