1、4.The internal combustion engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy .and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy .内燃机是一种将燃料的化学能转化为热能，再把热能转化为可利用的机械能的装置。5.The amount of air/fuel mixture allowed to enter the cylinder determines the power and
2、 speed developed by the engine .进入汽缸中的可燃混合气体的数量，决定了该发动机的功率和转速。6.Reducing friction to minimize wear and loss of power is the primary job a lubrication system must perform.减少摩擦，降低磨损和动力损失是润滑系统必须完成的主要工作。7.The clutch which includes the flywheel ,clutch disc ,pressure plate ,springs , cover and the linkag
3、e necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between the engine and transmission .离合器是位于发动机和变速器之间的一个旋转装置，它包括飞轮，离合器摩擦片，压盘。压紧弹簧。离合器盖以及操作离合器所需要的连接杆件等。8.To start the engine Or shift the gear ,the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmission from
4、the engine .at that time .the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower or faster than the driving members connected to the engine crankshaft .为了启动发动机或换挡，驾驶员必须踩下离合器踏板以便于实现变速器和发动机的分离，此时。与变速器输入轴相连的离合器从动件可能处于静止状态，也可能以一定的速度旋转，这一速
5、度可能高于或低于与发动机相连的离合器主动件的旋转速度。9.either way .pushing the pedal down operates the disengagement mechanism which puts pressure on the fingers of the clutch diaphragm via a release bearing and cause the diaphragm to release the clutch plate .无论采用哪种方式，踩下踏板，操纵分离机构，通过分离轴承对离合器膜片弹簧施加压力。均可以解除膜片弹簧对离合器盘的压紧！10.The
6、modern automatic transmission consists of many components and systems that are designed to work together in a symphony of planetary gear sets ,the hydraulic system ,seals and gaskets .the torque converter ,the governor and the modulator or throttle cable and computer control that has evolved over th
7、e years into what many mechanically included individuals consider to be an art form .自动变速器由许多的部件和系统组成，它们有行星齿轮组，液压系统，密封圈，和密封衬垫，变矩器，油压调节器，调制器，节气门拉索，电子控制装置等，经过精心设计，运作协调，其中的电子控制装置经历了多年的发展，已经巧妙的形式融入了许多人性化的设计。11.in this scenario ,when we turn the ring gear ,the planets will walk along the sun gear （which
8、is held stationary ）causing the planet carrier to turn the output shaft in the same direction as the input shaft but at a slower speed causing gear reduction （similar to a car in the first gear ）.在这种情况下，当转动齿圈，行星齿轮将沿着被固定的太阳轮运行，从而行星齿轮架带动输出轴以与输入轴相同方向的旋转但速率较小，来实现减速（类似于普通变速器的一档）12.The final drive assembl
9、y also provide gear reduction so that the drive wheels spin more slowly than the drive shaft .主减速器总成具有减速作用，因而驱动轮要比传动轴转的慢。13，.brakes are actually energy conversion devices ,which convert the kinetic energy （momentum ） o f the vehicle into thermal energy （heat ）.when stepping on the brake s ,the drive
10、r command s a stopping force ten time s as powerful as the force that puts the car in motion .制动器实际上就是能量转换装置，它讲汽车的动能转化为热能，当驾驶员踩下制动踏板，所产生的制动力是汽车运动时动力的十倍。16.the typical brake system consists of disk brakes in front and either disk or drum brake s in the rear connected by a system of tubes and hoses th
11、at link the brake at each wheel to the master cylinder .常见的制动系统布置有前后盘式，前盘后鼓式，各个车轮上的制动器通过一套管路系统连接到制动主缸上。14.The parking brake system controls the rear brakes through a serious of steel cables that are connected to either a hand lever or a foot pedal .the idea is that the system is fully mechanical and
12、 completely bypasses the hydraulic system so that the vehicle can be brought to a stop even if there is a total brake failure .驻车制动系统通过一套与操纵手柄与踏板相连的钢缆来操纵后轮制动器，这套系统是机械式的，且与液压系统并联，从而保证在整个液压制动系统失灵的情况下汽车也能实现制动。15.on most cars ,it takes three to four complete revolutions of the steering wheel to make the
13、 wheel s turn from lock to lock （from far left to far right ）对于大多数汽车来说，使转向轮从一侧的极限位置偏转到嫩一侧的极限位置，（从最左侧到最右侧）转向盘需要转动三到四圈。16.different tooth pitch （number of teeth per inch ）in the center than it has on the outside .有些汽车采用可变传动比的转向器，在其齿轮齿条机构中，齿条中心与两端的齿距，（每英寸的齿数）不同。17.instead of twisting further into the b
14、lock the way a regular bolt would ,this bolt is held fixed so that when it spins ,it moves the block ,which moves the gear that turns the wheels .由于转向螺栓的轴向是固定的，所以螺杆转动时，没有像通常那样螺杆向螺母深处前进，而是使螺母沿螺杆轴向移动，从而带动齿扇轴，最后偏转转向轮。18. as The Vanes spin ,they pull hydraulic fluid from the return line at low pressure
15、force it into the outlet at high pressure .随着叶片的转动，从回油管吸入低压油然后把它压向出油口，以高压油输出。19.The compressed spring when force is removed ,returns to its original position ,the distance that a spring compressed under force depends on the rate of the spring.当压紧力撤除时，被压紧的弹簧恢复到初始状态，在压力作用下，弹簧的压缩变形量取决于该弹簧的刚度。20.rubber
16、bushings are placed between the bolts and the links .these bushings dampen vibrations .The links hold the axle in place and keep it from moving from side to side or forward and backward .在螺栓和控制壁之间装有橡胶衬套，这些衬套可以缓解振动。这些控制壁确保后桥工作在正确的位置，防止它左右或前后移动。unit1body 车身 chassis 底盘 enclosure外壳、套 hood车棚、车顶 sway 摇摆 f
17、rame车架 steering转向、操作 brake 制动 weld焊接 rivet铆钉 bolt螺钉 washer垫圈 vibration振动 stabilizer稳定器 ride乘坐舒适性 handling操作稳定性 linkages转向传动机构 plier钳子 distributor分电器 alternator交流发电机 regulator调节器 carburetor化油器 radiator散热器、水箱 defroster除冰装置 sludge金属碎屑 transmission变速器 differential差速器 power train 传动系 unitized body 承载式车身
18、suspension system 悬架系统 steering system 转向系 braking system 制动系 shock absorbers减震器 control arms控制臂 steering wheel 转向盘 steering column转向管柱 steering gears 转向器 tie rod 横拉杆 idler arm随动臂 brake shoe制动蹄 disc brake 盘式制动器 drum brakes 鼓式制动器 ignition system 点火系统 exhaust system 排气系统 lubrication system 润滑系 oil fil
19、ters 机油滤清器 drive（ or propeller） shaft传动轴 universal joints 万向节 unit2longitudinal纵向的 transverse横向的 reciprocate往复 spin旋转 piston活塞 ignite点火 rub摩擦 quart夸脱 reservoir油箱 mechanical机械的 enclosed被附上的 gallon加仑 stroke冲程 camshaft凸轮轴 combustion燃烧 disengaged脱离啮合的 flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机 diesel-fuel柴
20、油 LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体 CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气 spark ignition火花点火 compression ignition压缩点火 spark plug火花塞 gas-turbine engine蒸汽机 Stirling engine斯特灵发动机 lubricating system润滑系统 oil pan油底壳 oil pump机油泵 exhaust system排气系统 emission-control system排放控制系统 energy conversion能量转换 air/fuel rati
21、o空燃比 connecting rod连杆 TDC=Top Dead Center上止点 BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点 intake stroke进气冲程 compression stroke压缩冲程 power stroke作功冲程 exhaust stroke排气冲程 compression ratio压缩比 unit3residual剩余的 varnish积碳 buildup组合 adhesion粘着 cleanser清洁剂 sludge油泥 grime污垢 clog填塞 gum粘合 trough水槽 baffle隔板 sump油底壳 crankcase曲轴箱 p
22、orosity多孔性 periphery外围 synthetic合成的 additive添加剂 antiscuff防磨损 overhaul大修 neutralize使无效 agitation激动 start-up启动 engine block气缸体 dry-sump干油底壳 wet-sump湿油底壳 pickup tube机油吸油管 filter screen滤网 full-flow filtering system全流式滤清器 pressure-relief valve安全阀 bypass valve旁通阀 gear type oil pump齿轮泵 jockey pulley张紧轮 cor
23、rosion inhibitor阻蚀剂 detergent-dispersant清洁分散剂 viscosity index粘度指数 foam inhibitor泡沫抑制剂unit8clutch离合器 flywheel飞轮 stationary静止的stationary扭转的 crankshaft曲轴 stall停转 mount安放 groove沟 lever杆 pivot支点 gearbox变速器 retract缩回 compactness紧密 drive train传动系 drive shaft传动轴 pressure plate压盘 clutch disc离合器从动盘 gear ratio
24、传动比 release bearing分离轴承 release fork分离拨叉 master cylinder主缸 clutch pedal离合器踏板 coupling device接合装置 at idle空转 couple with与.连接 ring gear齿圈 pinion gear小齿轮 splined hub花键毂 cast iron铸铁 diaphragm spring膜片弹簧 thrust pad止推垫 engage with与.啮合 centrifugal force离心力 fulcrum ring导轴衬 bell housing离合器壳 unit9hump圆形隆起 tran
25、saxle变速驱动桥 tuck挤进 gasket垫圈 governor调速器 modulator调制器 spline花键 bone结合 strap皮带 doughnut油炸圈饼 stator定子 maze曲径 submerge淹没 quart夸脱 downshift向下换挡 optimal最佳的 solenoid电磁线圈 retrieve找回 cork软木塞 manipulate操作 fluid coupling液力耦合器 torque converter液力变矩器 planetary gear set行星齿轮组 throttle cable节气门拉索 ring gear齿圈 high gea
26、r高速档 reverse gear倒档 sprag clutch楔块式超越离合器 centrifugal force离心力 gear up使换快档 stick shift顶档杆 vacuum hose真空软管 throttle valve节流阀 leak out泄露 windshield wiper风窗玻璃刮水器 unit10differential差速器 hypoid准双曲面的 intersect相交 mesh啮合 traction静止的 limited-slip differential（LSD）防滑差速器 drive shaft传动轴 axle shaft半轴 final drive a
27、ssembly主减速器总成 gear reduction齿轮减速 gear reduction ratios齿轮减速比 side gear半轴齿轮 pinion shaft行星齿轮轴 drive pinion主动小齿轮 unit11disastrous灾难性的 hood发动机罩 plunger柱塞 sponginess海绵性的 malfunction故障 bypass迂回 corkscrew开塞钻 inoperative不起作用的 booster调压器 slam冲击 screech发出尖锐的声音 thumping极大的 momentarily即刻 thermal energy热能 master
28、 cylinder制动主缸 brake pedal制动踏板 brake hose制动软管 slave cylinder轮缸 drum brake鼓式制动器 brake shoe制动蹄 bleeder screw放气螺钉 spongy pedal踏板发软 panic stop紧急制动 friction lining比例阀 equalizer valve平衡阀 pressure differential valve差压阀 combination valve组合阀 emergency brake紧急制动器 brake booster制动助力器 flat spot平点 hydraulic actuat
29、or液压传动机构unit12perpendicular垂直的 intersect相交 enclose装入mechanism机械装置 rack齿条 spindle轴 revolution旋转 slightly轻微的 fluid液体 linkage连接 threaded带着螺纹的 engage接合 spin回旋 recirculate在循环 slope斜坡 oval卵形的 outlet出口 exert尽力 utilize利用 consumption消费 eliminate除去 spindle轴 steering system转向系统 rack-and-pinion齿条齿轮式 recirculati
30、ng ball循环球式 steering ratio转向减速比 variable-ratio steering可变速比转向 tooth pitch齿距 turning limit转向限值 power-steering system动力转向系统 worm gear涡轮 pitman arm转向臂 threaded rod螺杆 ball bearing球轴承 rotary-vane pump叶片泵 retractable vane可伸缩叶片 pressure-relief valve安全阀 rotary valve回转阀 spool-valve滑阀 electronic control syste
31、m电子控制系统 unit13alignment调正 bump碰撞 deflect使什么偏斜 clamp夹子 pivot支点 rebound回弹 strut支柱 lengthwise纵向的 vibration振动 asymmetrical不均匀的 semielliptical半椭圆的 bracket托架 staggered错列的 unit body组合车身 coil spring螺旋弹簧 leaf spring钢板弹簧 torsion bar扭力杆 station wagons旅行车 spring eye钢板弹簧卷耳 rubber bushing橡胶衬套 bolt head螺栓头 spring shackle板簧吊环 upper control arm上控制臂 ball joint球形接头 stabilizer bar稳定杆 cornering force回转力 shock absorber减震器 trailing
