1、B. which have ever been writtenC. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 答案为A。 4.在“It is/has been时间段since后边用过去时。It has been twenty years since I left my hometown.5.在“no soonerthan”和“hardly when”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。1）I had no sooner returned than he called.2）We had hardly begun
2、when we were told to stop.6.在“It is （high） time后边的从句中用过去时。It is time that we had a rest.二、语态：1. 语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。考查时态与语态的题通常结合在一起，尤其是被动语态，除了注意它的一般时态之外，还要注意它进行时态及完成时态的变化。如：He told me that a highway was being built here.他告诉我这里正在建造一条高速公路。2. 另外还需注意有些动词，其形式虽是主动，但具有被动的含义。1）当感官动词作系动词时,
3、例如：Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。This material feels very soft.这种衣料摸起来非常柔软。2）还有一些及物动词作不及物动词时，也可以表示被动含义，如：This pen doesnt write well.这支笔不好使。此类动词不多，常见的有cut, lock, open, peel, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write 等。练习：1. Last night, on his way home, he was _ on the head by something hard.A. striked B
4、. stroke C. struck D. striken2. “Did you say that our neighbor _ in the accident?A. badly hurt B. was badly hurted C. was badly hurt D. had badly hurted3. While I _ my spectacles, I _ a pen.A. was looking for found B. was looking for looked forC. was finding found D. was finding looked for4. If she
5、doesnt tell him the truth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _.A. does B. has done C. will do D. would do5. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _ the newspaper completely.A. replaced B. have replaced C. replace D. will replace6. S
6、he ought to stop work. She has a headache because she _ too long.A. has been reading B. had read C. is reading D. read7. By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. will have found B. have found C. will be finding D. are finding8. We _ our breakfast when an old ma
7、n came to the door.A. just have had B. had just had C. just had D. have just had9. Our school _ for the summer at the end of June.A. to be closed B. closing C. closes D. to close10. Send for a doctor quickly. The old man _.A. will die B. is dying C. dies D. died练习答案：01-05：CCAAD 06-10：AABCB三、情态动词：1情态
8、动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。只有ought后面接to do。情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。2must现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have had B. could have hadC. should have hadD. must have had答案为D。3should （ought to ）have done用来表示本来应
9、该做却没有做的事情。Im sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephone B. have phoned C. should have phoned D. should be phoned答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电话的。4could现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。Mary _ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour.A.
10、could have bought B. must have boughtC. can buy D. could buy玛丽本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的邻居了。四、虚拟语气：虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。1虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用：虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过
11、去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should （或were to）加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。1）If a better material _, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being used D. using根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。2）Had the weather been good, the children _ out fo
12、r a walk.A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。2某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用，这些动词或名词包括：suggest（suggestion）,propose（proposal）,advise （advice）,demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词
13、。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left 3在It is desired（或desirable）, It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered
14、, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed等。Its desired that she _ to teach us at least twice a week, A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come答案为C。4在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。1）I am too b
15、usy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. come C. came D. have comewould rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。2）He talks as if he _ everything in the world.A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would have know正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。
16、本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。4）I wish I knew his address.在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。5）Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.Acould study B. studiedC. had studied D. would study在wish后边的从
17、句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。5在It is （high） time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave up C. would give up D. should give up 虚拟语气专项练习：1. We desire that the tour leader _ us immediately of any change in plans.A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed2.
18、 It was proposed that the matter _ discussed at the next meeting.A. will be B. was C. could be D. be3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A. goes wrong B. should go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong4. It is essential that these application forms _ back before
19、the deadline.A. must be sent B. will be sent C. are sent D. be sent5. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time _?A. we are going home B. we go homeC. we went home D. we can go home6. Id rather you _ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A. didnt B. wouldnt C. dont D. should
20、nt7. That tree looked as if it _ for a long time.A. hasnt been watered B. didnt waterC. hadnt been watered D. wasnt watered8. She didnt go to the party, but she does wish she _ there.A. has been B. had been C. would have been D. would be9. _ the whole situation, I wouldnt have said it.A. If I should
21、 know B. Had I knownC. If I knew D. Were to know10. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _ here 30 minutes sooner.A. could have been B. would be C. should be D. had beenADBDC 06-10：ACBBA五、非谓语动词：动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状
22、语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：1英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。1）We shall appreciate _ from you soon.A. being heard B. hearingC. to hear D. having been heard答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动
23、名词，且应该是其一般式。2）The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company.A. have told B. be toldC. being toldD. having told短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。3）We all feel sorry for _ for so long af
24、ter your arrival.A. keep you waiting B. having kept you waiting C. waiting for youD. keep you wait2非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didnt expect the house _ so well.A. to be decoratedB. to decorateC. be decoratedD. decoratingdecorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正
25、确答案为A。2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A. hearing B. being heardC. to hearD. heardhear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。3）The manager has his employees _ a business report every week.A. to writeB. writtenC. writing D. writehave和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。4）we are going to have our office _ to make room for a new engineer.A. to rearrangeB. rearrange C. rearranged D. rearranging3非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。Arriving at the bus stop, _ waiting there.A. he found a lot of peopleB. a lot of people wereC. he found a lot of peoples D. peopl
