1、# 1 , j, r9 u$ q* S- e3 w考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,（除画图题外，所有答案都必须写在答题纸上，写在试& o6 h k/ d; W% E1 q5 J X% O考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,题上及草稿纸上无效，考完后试题随答题纸交回） V9 c4 r8 L/ J6 Z（ ?+ _ C% 6 C5 y1 L# m& OM% w* X, X1 % M$ i9 N考博论坛Part I Cloze （0.5x20=10%）考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.
2、中国,） IF- Q& a- G9 x） Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.3 D5 L5 d6 i+ R$ A考博论坛 In Switzerland, six miles west of Geneva, lies a collection of laboratories and buildings, and, 1curious of all, a circular
3、 mound of2more than 650 feet in diameter. This cluster has unique importance. It is Europes 3 atomic city dedicated to4the atom for peaceful purposes. M* R* Z 8 q3 N1 s5 T考博论坛The strange buildings 5the European Council for Nuclear Research, more popularly known, from 6 French initials, as CERN. The
4、council was 7when a handful of statesmen and scientific experts 8 in Paris in 1950. Their aim was to “ 9an organization providing for co-operation among European states10nuclear research of a pure scientific and fundamental character.”6 e6 l; Q6 d M! ?/ U考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,The CERN agreem
5、ent was11in 1953, and work on the atomic city began in 1954. today CERNs12are among the most modern and the most diversified in the world.13as the scientific aspect may be, the real significance of CERN may lie14the thousand people the scientists, lab workers, and administrative15drawn from the four
6、teen member nations 16populate it. British engineers work17with Swiss electricians and Yugoslav nuclear physicists. The18languages are French and English, with German an unofficial third. But BERN is19tower of Babel the language of science is20and all-embracing. 2 I ! iH4 s（ 2 V1. A. bestB. chiefly
7、C. most D. mostly! x6 P, q2 U8 d# I（ P2 X: x$ 2. A. earthB. dirt C. mud D. soil0 m! E9 p! V% w- T3. A. one and bestB. one and onlyC. one and anD. one and merely A2 j8 q+ ! V8 V4. A. investigationB. being investigatedC. investigateD. investigating0 e$ Z s9 F& A7 M g2 v5. A. work with B. belong to C.
8、consist ofD. are located in7 n6 R O$ W! d0 - d+ J6. A. his B. theirC. itsD. those6 f e6 F& q1 N k8 k6 b考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,7. A. come into being B. constructedC. erectedD. born 8 x$ zd6 1 SJ8. A. joined B. developed C. met D. met with1 : A9 D5 Q3 s1 T） C7 ; |1 I9. A. found B. put up C. bui
9、ldD. establish4 r* Nn* O$ I8 I考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,10. A. inB. on C. forD. about* q5 o$ m2 ） z0 _考博论坛11. A. sealedB. signedC. securedD. settled$ N; P（ w2 M（ x4 f3 RN+ B考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,12. A. resourcesB. accommodationsC. facilitiesD.
10、funds l* Rt0 c4 d4 i） w4 Mi& S13. A. ImpressionisticB. ImpressingC. ImpressedD. Impressive+ _$ S& Y% I N, B! A14. A. inB. withC. onD. at9 w（ d/ Y9 z& b. Q15. A. crewB. crowd C. party D. group考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,4 e7 X+ c7 n4 j P!16. A. whoeverB. whoC. which D. whatever考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费
11、考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,# ; T3 A; s c/ A, y; 17. A. side by sideB. back to backC. heart to heartD. face to face2 K5 Y7 t/ i4 a考博论坛18. A. livingB. authentic C. officialD. real3 i& zG; h 7 o4 _6 q n9 M考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,19. A. the B. a C. not D. no考博论坛. N9 S& K*
12、 * S- n20. A. worldwideB. infinite C. universalD. comprehensive$ y K6 B% K# l- F考博论坛考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,; W6 8 j+ G$ V1 R& vPart II.Reading comprehension （20x2=40%）4 c; , z , p5 A- There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You
13、 are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.# T0 H6 O; B & （ 考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,Passage one # q. ） b0 W Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new
14、 scientific and medical discoveries. Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease eti
15、ology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia cont
16、inues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or abs
17、ence of “positive” and “negative” symptoms.; J4 % O8 u4 w4 X! O2 M, j# H考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the label itself may lead to
18、 significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positive-it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children or resul
19、ting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers-but it can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be considere
20、d synonymous with disease. Two schools-nominalist and essentialist or reductionist-have debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while essentia
21、lists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a genetic abnormality./ k5 W1 k5 O, Z, B* z L& H! r考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,It has been suggested that diseases defined
22、according to the essentialist tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype （symptoms） or the genotype （genetic abnormality）, for adverse consequences, while the latt
23、er helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic counseling of family members or the eff
24、ective treatment of the patient. M; e; |# （ a） y+ l! 考博论坛|免费考博社区:最早最大的中文考博论坛,考博.中国,21. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with 1 P（ K7 f6 zr5 EA） proposing a return to a traditional taxonomical system 6 j0 C D7 z） N7 . VSB） describing an way to resolve a taxonomical dilemma # N5 R% E!
25、V3 hC） assessing the success of a new taxonomical method 6 q K3 % x: TD） predicting a change in future taxonomy6 J& M0 c9 F& Z* f1 L* ! N X; w Yh22. It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960 to be an example of which of the following
26、?考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,: 1 M9 o l, （ G$ u; E A disease which resisted traditional methods of classification, but has been served well by modern methods of classification$ S+ q; h3 |; s& _ lB） A disease which has resisted modern methods of classification, and continues t
27、o require a traditional method of classification考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,考博.中国,% V2 c% （ P |. d# T C） A disease which satisfies modern methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a traditional method 考博,考博网,考博论坛,免费考博论坛,免费考博网站,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博
28、辅导,考博.中国, C8 S& G） x7 X; TD） A disease which satisfies traditional methods of classification best, but which scientists prefer to classify through a modern method 3 k（ 4 f% V+ S6 U23. According to the passage, an adherent of the “nominalist school would classify a rare new fever in which of the following ways?考博论坛l） C l3 J V2 M（ t0 ? She would wait until the disease appears in other patients, then classify it by establishing variations in their symptoms.考博论坛! W y% S4 * P） P* c She would determine whether the disease is acquired or genetic, then classif
