1、非谓语动词动名词专题讲义精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义年 级： 高一年级 辅导科目： 英语 课时数：3学科老师： 学 员： 课 题高一牛津下册unit1专题 动名词教学时间2012-2-19 12：50-14：50教学目的1. 学生能够熟练的动名词的结构2. 学生能够熟练的掌握动名词的一些固定搭配教学内容非谓语动词的概念：概述：1.谓语动词:在句中担任谓语的动词.2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以做除谓语外的所有成分。非谓语动词的使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her h
2、andbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.第一节 动名词常考必记要点归纳1.动名词的构成 (以make为例)语态形式主动语态被动语态用法一般式making/not makingbeing made/not being made发生在谓语后完成式having made/not having madehaving been made/ not having been made发生在谓语前动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构）1. 动名词的否定式只要把not放在动名词的前面。否定结构是not +
3、动名词2. 动名词后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动名词短语。(1)当动名词做主语时，逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格。比如：Toms/his coming不能用Tom coming (2)当动名词做宾语时，逻辑主语可以用名词普通格和名词的所有格或代词宾格和形容词性物主代词。比如: mind Tom/Toms/me/my opening the window.注：当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词或无生命的名词时，只能用宾格 (普通格)，不能用所有格。如：My baby was awakened by someone knocking at the door. (someone是不定代词，不能用
4、所有格 ) There is no hope of the stolen wallet being found. (wallet 是无生命的名词，不能用所有格)逻辑主语的概念2. 动名词的逻辑主语：在通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：The prisoner escaped without being seen. (being seen 的逻辑主语是the prisoner)After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. （standing 的逻辑主语是we） Im afraid of waking the ba
5、by. (waking 的逻辑主语是I)3.下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，常用动词：请牢记下列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅，consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, 承认推迟没得想。admit, delay/ put off, fancy, 避免错过继续练，avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, 否认完成停欣赏，deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, 不禁介意准逃亡。cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagi
6、ne, forbid, risk 注明：这些动词都可以加上自己的逻辑主语，比如：此外：allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. （当这几个动词提到人的时候,可以用sb to do ）动词短语： 带to +doing 注明：to都是介词，其后面应该接动名词be used/accustomed to doing. 习惯做某事look forward to .期待做某事lead to .导致做某事devote oneself to .致力于做某事to be devoted to 献身于stick to. 坚持做某事object to .反对做某事g
7、et down to.开始认真处理，着手做 pay attention to .注意做某事refer to.涉及到When it comes to .谈到be addicted to 沉迷于.find ones way to.admit to承认.see to 处理，对付.put ones heart/mind to .投入.In addition to .此外，还有固定用法cant stand (无法忍受)doinggive up doing take up开始从事. feel like doing insist on doingput off doing thank you for doi
8、ng cant help doing sth禁不住做某事apologize for doing be busy (in) doinghave difficulty / trouble (in) doinghave a good / wonderful /hard time (in) doingit s no use /good/ a waste of time /fun doing There is no use / point(in) doing 表示做什么事情没有用处/没有意义make a point of doing sth 表示认为.必要be on the point of doing
9、=be about to do sth表示“快要做某事”it is worth doing sth值得去做某事keep/stop/ prevent from doing 阻止做某事There is no telling /saying /knowing .不可能.4.接不定式、动名词意义不同的动词和结构：stop to do/stop doing 停下来做/ 停止做.remember to do/remember doing 记住要去做/ 记得曾做过forget to do/forget doing 忘记去做/ 忘记曾做过try to do/try doing 努力（尽力）做/ 试着做regr
10、et to do/regret doing 遗憾地去做/ 后悔做过mean to do/mean doing 打算做/ 意味着做want to do/want doing 想做/ 需要被做go on to do/go on doing 接着做另一件事/ 接着做未做完的同一事 like to do/like doing 喜欢做（非经常性）/ 喜欢做（指习惯，爱好）.feel like doing/would like to do 想做/（要做）set about doing/set out to do 开始做prefer doing/prefer to do 喜欢做prefer + doing
11、to + doing would rather + do than + do 宁愿而不愿prefer to + do rather than + doused to + do 过去经常做be used to + do 被用来做be/get used to doing 养成做习惯cant help (to) + do 不能帮助做cant help doing 止不住地做cant help but + do 不得不 cannot choose but +do=cannot but do 不得不做某事 I cant choose but laugh.have no choice but to do
12、sth 例如： We have no choice but to wait.5. 动词need、want、require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义（= to be + 过去分词）。例：The baby wants washing. (= to be washed)还有deserve 值得. Be (well) worth doing 在worth后用动名词主动形式，在worthy后用动名词被动形式。例如：The film is worth seeing. =The film is worthy of being seen. =The film is worthy to be seen总结
13、：be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing =be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done be worthy of + n. 值得 那个地方值得一去。The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of a visit. The place is worthy of being visited. The place is worthy to be visited. 练习题：十选九Directions: Complete the following
14、passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Many trees and shrubs change color in fall. For years, scientists have worked hard to understand the changes that happen to them. They find that three factors 41 falls colorful far
15、ewell leaf pigments (色素), length of night, and weather. The timing of the color change is mainly regulated by the increasing length of night. None of the other 42 influences, such as temperature, rainfall, food supply, are as unchanging as the 43 increasing length of night during fall. As days grow
16、shorter, and nights grow longer and cooler, biochemical 44 in leaves begin to paint the landscape with an explosion of colors. And Nature puts on one of its most splendid 45 of beauty.The timing of the color change 46 by species. Some species in southern forests can become vividly colorful in late s
17、ummer while all other species are still vigorously green. Oaks put on their colors long after other species have already shed their leaves. These differences in timing among species seem to be genetically 47 . for a particular species, whether on a high mountain or in warmer lowlands, will change co
18、lor at the same time.However, some species are evergreen. Pines, for example, are green all the year round because they have toughened up. They have developed over the years a needle-like or scale-like foliage (绿叶植物). which is 48 with a heavy wax coating. And the liquid inside their cells contains c
19、old-resistant elements. So the leaves of evergreens can safely withstand (经受住) all but the most 49 winter conditions, such as those in the Arctic.阅读理解Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
20、 are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Until recently, the science of the future was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great
21、breakthroughs in technology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic materials. However, it is still difficult to manufactur
22、e anything that has the property of wool to conserve ($#) heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we find in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the labor
23、atory have already succeeded in growing a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be biotech hearts and eyes which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejected by the body, as is the case with organs from humans.The application o
24、f biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will
25、be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet
26、the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to disastrous levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is tempting to think that biotechnology or some other science of the future can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we shou
27、ld remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Today those promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerou
28、s way.65. The materials produced with organic chemistry are at present.A. not as good as natural materials B. as good as an insects bodyC. better than natural materials D. as good as wool s66. According to the passage, it may soon be possible .A. to transplant human organs B. to make something as go
29、od as human skinC. to produce drugs without side effects D. to make artificial hearts and eyes67. In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted that .A. the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two yearsB. oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the futureC. biological power sources would be put into use.
30、 soonD. we will never stop using non-renewable power sources68. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Biological power will keep all its promises.B. Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.C. Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.D. Biological power may not be as risky
31、as nuclear power.(B)Weve all been there, finishing a whole bag of chips out of boredom or downing cookie after cookie while cramming(死记硬背) for a big test But when done a lotespecially without realizing itemotional eating can affect weight, health, and overall well-being.Not many of us make the connection between eating and our feelings. But understanding what drives emotional eating can help people take steps to change itOne of the biggest myths(荒诞的说法) a
