1、届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解专题练习之说明文2022高考英语阅读理解专题练习之说明文（A）Imagine you had never tasted lemonade. You would still probably assume that lemon juice mixed with sugar tastes better than lemon juice alone. Because you know what lemons taste like, and you know what sugar tastes like.You can recall those past experienc
2、es, and make a prediction about your response to something new. Researchers call the ability to predict our future emotional state affective forecasting. And some have suggested that the skill is unique to humans. But is it?“We combined different liquids and asked participants, the orangutan （猩猩）and
3、 the humans, to predict what such novel liquid combinations taste like, and whether they prefer one or the other,” Lund University cognitive scientist Gabriela-Alina Saueiuc told us.She and her colleagues offered their cocktails（鸡尾酒）to a 21-year-old male orangutan named Naong, who lives in Swedens F
4、uruvik Zoo. They used four ingredients-cherry juice, rhubarb juice, lemon juice, and apple cider vinegar-which they combined into six unfamiliar mixtures. Altogether, that made for 24 possible comparisons of one drink against another.Naong watched the researchers mix his drinks. Then he got to choos
5、e from the two sets before him. And in 21 of the 24 trials, Naong matched the researchers predictions： that his choice would be based on his relative fondness for the separate ingredients. For example, since he liked rhubarb juice better thanlemon juice, he also preferred rhubarb-cherry juice to lem
6、on-cherry juice-despite having had no experience with either.“We are impressed with Naongs ability to be so consistent in his choices. Both human and orangutan species seemed to make consistent choices about future events even if they had no previous experience to guide their decision-making.Its a s
7、ingle study with a single orangutan. But probably we will soon mark yet another skill off the list of things that were once thought to be specific to our species. Perhaps whats truly unique about us is our ongoing search for something unique about us.1. What did the scientists ask Noang to do in the
8、 study?A. Separate drink ingredients.B. Choose one out of two mixed drinks.C. Combine drinks into mixtures.D. Taste novel liquid combinations.2. What is a precondition for the study?A. Naong could appreciate cocktails.B. Naong could read the scientists mind.C. Naong was unfamiliar with the ingredien
9、ts,D. Naong had a preference for certain ingredients.3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Similar research findings are expected to follow.B. The research has drawn a safe conclusion.C. There is a list of all the uniquely human skills.D. Animals equal humans in every way.4. What can be a
10、suitable title for the text?A. Orangutan Taught to Make Predictions.B. Intelligence Found in the Animal Kingdom.C. Affective Forecasting： Not Unique to Humans.D. The On-going Search for Uniquely Human Skills.（B）In the 1960s and 1970s, the greatest fear was that the human race, and possibly all advan
11、ced life forms on the planet, could be wiped out by nuclear missiles. Today, however, environmental problems have taken over as the greatest risk to life on .Earth. Scientists are thinking of ways to lower this risk, such as replacing coal and oil with forms of renewable energy. But they are also pr
12、eparing for the worst: what can we do if the terrifying scenes in films such as The Day After Tomorrow happen in real life? What is our plan B for Earth?One option is to explore other planets to see if we could live on them. The most likely choice is Mars, which is relatively close to Earth and has
13、an environment less hostile than that of other planets. Mars has fascinated people since ancient times, and today our interest in Martian exploration is greater than ever before. Besides, more governments are making efforts to educate the public on the Red Planet.There is no doubt that humankind is
14、drawn towards Mars. However, sending people there will require all the skill, courage and intelligence. While the Moon can be reached within days, it would take months to reach Mars, travelling through dangerous solar radiation. And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely, they may not be ab
15、le to return to Earth ever. Staying alive will be a daily challenge, but as proved by the Biosphere 2 experiment, not impossible. As early as the 1980s, scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert, consisting of a closed space in which people, animals and plants could live together. A
16、lthough the two-year experiment was not a success, it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet. For now, human settlement of Mars is still decades away. Until we are finally able to live on another planet, we need to take much better care of ou
17、r own. Right now, its the only one we have!1. What was the biggest threat to humans in the 1960s and 1970s? A. Human race themselves. B. All advanced life forms.C. Nuclear missiles. D. Environmental problems.2. Why is Mars so attractive to scientists?A. Its closest to the earth. B. It has relatively
18、 appropriate living conditions. C. It has drawn the publics attention in recent years. D. It has a more hostile environment. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? /A. Humans have visited Mars. B. The Biosphere 2 experiment proved to be valueless.C. Humans will have to go and live on another plan
19、et.D. Our Plan A includes developing renewable energy resources.4. From which magazine would the passage probably be taken? A. The Traveler. B. Environmental Concerns.C. All About Space. D. Biology for Fun,（C）With over 4.1 billion people，or around 55 percent of the worlds population，living in urban
20、areas，cities and towns worldwide are getting increasingly jammedIn addition to spending hours stuck in traffic，residents are also exposed to high air pollution levels caused by transportation emissions(排放)Now，Saudi Arabia hopes to overturn urban living with“The Line”a futuristic city designed around
21、 nature，without cars，roads and crowded places! The totally different city，announced on January 10，2021，is the brainchild of Saudi Crown Prince(王储)Mohammed bin Salman(MBS)Located in Neom，a 10，000-square-mile high-tech planned development on the Red Sea coast，The Line will be the base of MBSs Saudi Vi
22、sion 2030The strategic plan aims to diversify Saudi Arabias oil-dependent economy into other fields，like tourism，and create exciting job opportunities for its citizensThe 105-mile-long city，expected to cost between $100 billion and $200 billion，will be built along a straight line and comprise severa
23、l self-sustaining communitiesTo ensure all services are within a short，five-minute walk，each community will feature a three-layer infrastructure(基础设施)There will be no cars or roads on the top“pedestrian layer”，so residents can freely walk and bike in the surrounding green spacesThe second“service la
24、yer”，will include all essential daily services，such as schools，medical clinics，leisure facilities，and grocery storesThe third“spine layer”will house ultra-high-speed transportation and autonomous vehicles transporting residents across communities in less than 20 minutesThe entire city will be powere
25、d with renewable clean energy sources such as solar and wind，and possibly even hydrogenIf all goes according to the plan，construction of this groundbreaking，complex infrastructure project will start before the end of 2021In addition to providing up to a million residents with a clean and stress-free
26、 living environment，The Line is expected to create 380，000 new jobs，promote economic diversification，and contribute a shocking $48 billion to Saudi Arabias Gross Domestic Product(GDP)by 2030More importantly，MBS believes it will provide governments worldwide a blueprint for how people and planet can
27、co-exist in harmony1Where can you purchase a bike if living in The Line?APedestrian layer BService layer CSpine layer DThe green spaces2Which of the following can best describe the project of The Line?AWidely-accepted BIll-consideredCRisk-taking DMind-blowing3What does MBS think is the most importan
28、t effect of The Line?ATo facilitate Saudi economic diversificationBTo offer a model for nature-man integrationCTo boost the governments financesDTo create more job opportunities4What might be the best title of the text?ASaudi Vision for Environmental ProtectionBThe Construction of The Line Is Underw
29、ayCMBS：An Influential Leader of Saudi ArabiaDMB SVision of a Futuristic Zero Carbon City（D）This year, new technologies will enable more drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel （方向盘）while on the road. But that doesnt mean their cars will be fully self-driving - that day still remains far i
30、n the future.Automakers like General Motors （GM）, Ford and Stellantis are introducing, or upgrading existing technologies. But in the words of Kay Stepper, an automated driving expert, these systems are feet off and hands off, but they will not be eyes off or “mind off.For the time being, these syst
31、ems will only be used on limited-access highways, where there are no pedestrians or bicyclists. Vehicles with this technology will be able to drive at relatively high speeds, but only in simple traffic situations.Bryan Reimer, a researcher with the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys AgeLab, said
32、 it will be decades before people can buy truly self-driving cars in which humans ride as passengers.Still, the technology that will be rolled out by the major automakers this year will do more than most so-called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS, do now.GMs Super Cruise system allows drivers to completely let go of the steering wheel while driving on selected highways. It was introduced in 2017 on the Cadillac CT6 s
