1、考研英语二真题 答案 解析2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painfulBecaus
2、e humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scienti
3、sts at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twistHalf of
4、 the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks t
5、han the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher H
6、see of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who we
7、re encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing
8、the possible negative effects of curiosity.Hsee other words,dont read online comments.9. to. withdrawalB. inquiryC .Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 p
9、oints)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future. is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, b
10、ut practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chainAs Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geom
11、etry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype.that its f
12、or kids who cant make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas is not the economic engine that it once job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely education is the new want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the
13、headlong push into bachelors degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:Thats not the only thing the American economy ,a bachelors degree opens more even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill only
14、 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers w
15、ho need those jobs most arent equipped to do s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nations diversiy of gifts. brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_. memoriza
16、tion training ability spirit existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_. financially disadvantaged not academically successful a stereotyped mind no career motivation can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates_. entitled to more “ducational privileges reluctant to work
17、 in manufacturing to have more job opportunities to have big financial concerns headlong push into bachelois degrees for all_. create a lot of middle-skill jobs narrow the gap in working-class jobs expected to yield a better-trained workforce the overvaluing of higher education authors attitude towa
18、rd Koziateks school can be described as_.21. 答案 C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，
19、作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.22. 答案 B are not academically successful这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful 。其他选项均不符合文意。23.答案C used to have more job opportunities这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和hig
20、h school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.答案D indicate the overvaluing of higher education这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and.和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not th
21、e only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.答案A supportive这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziateks school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nations diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性
22、。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。Text2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply,itsclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew
23、power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and cost of solarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-thir
24、d in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a re
25、markable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in
26、 Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean e
27、nergy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesntshine has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven i
28、n par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While theres a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. Th
29、e pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate Washington does-or doesnt do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time of a global shift in thought. word plummeting(Line 3,is closest in meaning to _2
30、7. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America _A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,_.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tec
31、h giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6A. Its application has boosted battery . It is commonly used in car . Its continuous supply is becoming a . Its sustainable exploitation
32、 will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global en
