1、There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order （not） to，so as （not） to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。The girl was
2、 so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于
3、上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to/would like to/would love to完成时。（B）was/were to不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实
4、现。（C）expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.（表示对比）不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省
5、略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等词后省to。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省
6、略（只保留to即可）。常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.题组训练1用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Its important for the figures to be updated（update） regularly.2.Today we h
7、ave chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing（lose） the art of municating face-to-face.3.If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered（cheer） by their enthusiastic supporters.4.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version
8、makes the iPad 2 more fortable to hold（hold）.5.Simon made a big bamboo box to keep（keep） the little sick bird till it could fly.6.Passengers are permitted to carry（carry） only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7.More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise（rais
9、e） peoples concern over food safety.8.The ability to express（express） an idea is as important as the idea itself.2.动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。（2）下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put of
10、f，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty （in），devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。（3）介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth. as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train ha
11、d just started.（4）动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2.It was beginning to snow.3.I love lying （to lie）on my back.4.I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.5.I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差
12、别，但谓语动词用进行时时，后面只跟不定式。2.表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try，mean1.I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2.I forgot giving it to you yesterday.I forgot to tell you about it.Now here it is.3.I regret not having worked hard.I regret to hea
13、r of your sisters death.4.Try knocking at the back door.We must try to get everything ready.5.That will mean flooding some land.1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2.forget to do sth. 忘记要做的事forget doing sth. 忘记做过的事3.regret to do sth. 对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth. 对发生过的事后悔4.try to do
14、sth. 设法，试图做某事try doing sth. 试试看，试一试I had meant to go on Monday.5.mean to do sth. 打算做，想要做mean doing sth. 意味着want，require，need1.These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.2.The patient required examining.The patient required to be examined.表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动形式（表被动意义）。题组训练21.I
15、ts no use plaining（plain） without taking action.2.Lydia doesnt feel like studying（study） abroad. Her parents are old.3.Being exposed（expose） to the sun will do harm to your skin.4.She is afraid of being taken（take） to the public.5.Marys ing（e） late made her mother angry.3.现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时
16、间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词前面可加when，while等）Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴随状语The girls came in，following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his chil
17、dren.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）现在分词作表语。主语bev.-ed表示被动，主语是人；主语bev.-ing表示主动，主语是物。4.过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。（1）作原因状语Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he wa
18、s tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.（2）作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语Given more time，I would have worked out the p
19、roblem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.（4）作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and （he） was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looki
20、ng after him.题组训练31.The island，joined（join） to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2.Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping（keep） on your feet.3.The next thing he saw was smoke rising（rise） from behind the house.4.Look over theretheres a very long，winding path leading（lea
21、d） up to the house.5.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost（lose） for words.6.Offered（offer） an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to bee famous.7.Gathering（gather） around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8.More highways have been built in China，making（ma
22、ke） it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9.The players selected（select） from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused（amuse） with her stories.1.Around 13,500 new jobs were
23、created during the period， the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.（2018江苏，26）A.having exceeded B.to exceedC.exceeded D.exceeding答案D解析句意为：在这段时期创造了大约13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析师认为的12 000个的预期数量。were created是谓语，因此exceed只能用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语。A项having exceeded表示exceed的动作发生在were created之前，不符合语境；B项to exceed
24、不能作伴随状语；C项exceeded表示主语与exceed之间为被动关系，也不符合语境。故选D。2. along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.（2018北京，3）A.Travel B.TravelingC.Having traveled D.Traveled答案B解析选项中只有B项能作句子的主语。如果动词作句子的主语，只能由不定式或动名词来充当。C项常用来作状语，表示动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生，用作本句的主语自然不符合语法逻辑。句意为：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。3.Durin
25、g the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.（2018北京，6）A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared解析此处需要用不定式表示gather together的目的。在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚到一起吃饭、赏月、品尝月饼。4.Ordinary soap， correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.（2018北京，10）A.used B.
26、to useC.using D.use答案A解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应该选A项，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。5.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph .（2018天津，7）A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.take我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have st
27、h. done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。6.I didnt mean anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help it.（2018天津，12）A.to eat；to try B.eating；tryingC.eating；to try D.to eat；我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；cant help d
28、oing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help （to） do sth. 不能帮助做某事。7.Many Chinese brands， their reputations over centuries，are facing new challenges from the modern market.（2017江苏，21）A.having developed B.being developedC.developed D.developing很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。“ their reputations over centuries”在句中作状语，修饰整个句子。句子主语many Chinese br
