1、 He has been working on this project since last month. （2） 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。He once worked in the south for ten years （现在不在南方） （3） 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ by the end of.（到了的时候”连用。例如： 1）By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. 2）How many words had you leaned by the
2、end of last year? Practice:1.It is reported that the president once_ in the Viet Nams war for three years from 1966-1970. A. served B. had served C. has served D. was serving2. -No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday. -I _ to rock music and was absorbed in it. A listened B was listening C. has
3、 listened D. had listened3.I wasnt paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I _ his speech very well. A. had not understood B. has not understood C. did not understand D. dont understand4. I _ good at table tennis, but I havent played it for ages. A. am B. was C. has been D. use
4、d to be5. I _ where she gets her money all these days.A. am often wondering B. often wondered C. had often wondered Dhave often wondered6. -Tell me what _ while I was absent. -A thief tried to break into the house when I _ in your house. A. happened/ stayed B. was happening/ was staying C. happened/
5、 was staying D. was happening/ stayed7. -You are always watching TV. -Only on Sundays. And nobody _ it but you. A. knows B. has known C. knew D. is knowing8. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.Astarted ;had already hidden Bhad started ;had already hidd
6、enChad started ;was hiding Dwas starting; hid9. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing10. It _ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area. A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. h
7、ad been rainingKeys:1）a 2）b. 3）c 4）a 5） 过去到现在d 6） c 7）a（经常性） 8）a 9） b 与现在有联系 10）d 二、 Subjunctive Mood （虚拟语气）1.It is important that he _ the college entrance examination.A. should attend B. will attend C. must attend D. had to attend8.Dont come this morning. I would rather you_ the day after tomorrow
8、.A. come B. came C.are to come D. will come3._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.A.If it is not B.Were it not C. had it not been D. If they were not4.-Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?-_ I had come here earlier!A.But for B.If not C. For fear D. If only5
9、.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A.is B.will be C. would have been D.would be（分析：1.A虚拟语气的一种，句式It is necessary/strange/important that should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是 该多好啊5.D）三、 非谓语：（to do/ doing / done） （By Yuan）1.To do（to be done） /
10、 doing / done 作状语的区别：To do（to be done）：作目的状语，结果状语（特定句型）Doing（being done, having done ）/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。1） complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night. 2） The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a gun.3） He hurried back home, leav
11、e piles of work unfinished. 4） Defeat time and again, he still didnt lose heart. 1）To/ In order to complete 目的 2）only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3）leaving 结果 4） Defeated让步）2.To do（to be done） / doing / done 作定语的区别：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型doing ：（being done）：表示正在进行和经常性的动作done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作1） The comman
12、der gave an order attack the enemy before dawn. 2） Who were the first people reach American continent.3） People live in this area feed on rice. 4） Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.1）to attack 未完成 2）to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后 3）living 主动经常性 4） stru
13、ck/ stricken被动、经常性）3.To doto be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。1） At the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in a fortnight time. 2） The novel is reported translate into German already. 3） He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.4） I am glad_（meet） you
14、. I hope to see you soon.1）to be held 2） to have been translated 3） to have been praised 4） to have met ）4.doing / being done / having done 与 done主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态 being done：被动、进行或经常性having done：主动，完成于主动词之前done：被动，完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态1） When heat , ice will turn into water.2）While wander in the street, h
15、e came across an old friend of his.3）The manager spoke at the conference, _express his satisfaction with the project.4）_wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.5）_raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.6）The book _ publish last month is on grammar.7）The projec
16、t _ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year. （分析: 1） heated 2） wandering 3） expressing 4） Having wiped 5） Having raised 6）published 7） being carried out ）5. 下列动词后只能接动名词（-ing）：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise
17、, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。Practice （By Li & Que）1The party was successful, but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.to have invited B. inviting C.to invite D. invited2- If Mary doesnt come to work on time, she may be fired.-Surely she is not so foolish _ it. A.as not to reali
18、ze B. not as to realize C. that she didnt realize D.as not realizing3The picure _ on the wall is painted by my brother.A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D. being hung4I appreciate _ me during the debate.A. of your supporting B. you to support C. your supporting D. to your supporting5The news reporters
19、 hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had gone.A. tell B. to be told C. telling D. told6I know what kind of boss he is, so I know what _ of him.A. expcted B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects7. _ made all of them much disappointed. A. Her not coming back B. her not to come back C. Not
20、 her returning D. Not her being back8Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to drive B. to never drive C.never driving D.never drive9The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not to do it D. do not to10I regret _ you that we are unable t
21、o offer you the job.A. inform B. having informed C. to inform D. informed11The flowers _ sweet in the botanical garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt12Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A. be
22、ing known B. having been known C. to be known D. known13. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded14Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay16.A
23、 number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus _ an increase in production. A. to result in B. results C.resulting in D.resulted in17.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss.A.questioning B.having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned18._, but he
24、still couldnt understand it.A. He had been told many times B. having been told many timesC. told many times D. Although he had been told many times19._ comfortably in her armchair, the old lady enjoyed light music on the MP3 with her eyes half _.A.Seated; closed B.Sat; closing C. Seating; closed D.
25、sitting; close20. _ made the student _ interest in his study. A. Being punished; to lose B. Punished; lose C. Being punished; lose D. having been punished; lose21.What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allow
26、ed D. having not been allowed22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _.A. to look into B. being looked into C. to be looked into D. looking into23I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame.24She had no choi
27、ce but _ to the end.A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought25Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we need factual knowledge _ our thinking.A.which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to base upon D. to which to be based（keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do 3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动
28、4.C 5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果 6.B（expect sth of sb 期待某人eg. Dont expect too mach of her（不要对她期望过高） 7.A 8.A 9. A动词不定式的省略10 C regret doing后悔做过. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾. 11.Bsmelling做定语12.D 13.Ccant help doing/being done情不自禁做14.C get done = be done 16.Cdoing表结果17.C 18.A注意but应连接句子19.A 20Cdoing的被动being done做主语done 不能做主语 21.B 22.D require/need/want doing=require/need to be done 23.A.句式sb/sth is to blame（主动表被动） 24.B25.B介词+which +to do（做定语），相当于一个定语从句which we
