1、安徽省届中考英语大三轮复习题型突破专题五 阅读理解专题五阅读理解安徽省2020届中考英语大三轮复习题型突破专题五 阅读理解专题五阅读理解一、近三年考点分布二、题型特点阅读理解着重考查考生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力,在理解信息的基础上,考生还要能够对信息加以判断、归纳和综合。此题型要求考生能够读懂较熟悉的日常生活话题方面的文字材料,如海报、广告等,以及书刊中的短文材料。分析上表可知,安徽近三年的阅读理解体裁主要为记叙文和说明文。阅读材料的话题多样,有科普知识、生活常识、哲理故事、文化风俗、人物故事等。近两年说明文的篇数有增加的趋势,同时话题更加多样。总的来
2、说,阅读材料均贴近考生生活,有较强的时代性、文化性、思想性和教育性。题型设置以细节理解题为主,推理判断题、词义推测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题等为辅。阅读理解最后一篇为任务型阅读题,设有3个小题,要求考生根据短文内容回答问题。此类阅读理解除了考查考生准确获得语言信息的能力外,更多的是测试考生综合运用英语的能力。做本篇阅读理解时要注意以下几点:根据不同问题采用不同的应答方式;句子开头首字母应大写;句末的标点符号;句子的主谓语成分和时态;每题答案的词数要求等。要高效地完成阅读理解题,必须分清类型,对症下药,还要运用一定的解题技巧,这样才能获得高分。常见的一些解题技巧如下:1.通读全文,了解文章大意。
3、通读材料,了解短文大意,获取关键的信息,才能对问题做出正确的判断。抓住文章的首尾句及每段的中心句,获取文章的主旨大意。2.读问题,带着问题找答案。考生可先读题目,把握问题的含义,通过寻读法在原文中找出与问题相关的关键词,然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子及段落,依据短文内容对试题所给出的选项进行正误判断。3.再读文章,检查答案正确性。完成答题后最好将短文再读一遍,加深对短文的理解,再对每一道题进行复查,特别是一些不确定的答案。典例1(2019安徽)Like many high school graduates,Maggie Doyne didnt go straight to college.S
4、he decided to travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.A war had just ended there and left many children living on the streets.They were often forced to work at hard physical jobs for little money.One day,while walking down a country road,Doyne saw a little girl breaking up rocks.She soon learned
5、 that 7-year-old Hima sold the rocks to support her family.With deep sadness,she decided to pay Himas tuition(学费) for school.Encouraged by the changes in the child,Doyne thought,“If we can help one child,why not 10?”Doyne felt that the street childrens greatest need was a home.She found a piece of l
6、and for sale and bought it with $5,000 she saved from years of babysitting(当临时保姆).In 2008 the Kopila Valley Childrens Home was set up.With the help from the community,another goal was reached in 2010the Kopila Valley School.Over 350 children now attend the school and over 50 live in the home.Today,D
7、oyne lives in the home and is “mom” to the kids.()79.When did Maggie Doyne travel to western Nepal?A.In 2006.B.In 2007.C.In 2008.D.In 2010.()80.Why did Hima break up the rocks?A.To do physical exercise.B.To build a new school.C.To get money for her family.D.To repair the country road.()81.What can w
8、e learn from Paragraph 3?A.The street children once worked as babysitters.B.Doyne got some support from the community.C.Doyne borrowed much money from the government.D.Over 5,000 children attend the Kopila Valley School.()82.Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A.Maggie DoyneA
9、 Lonely TravelerB.War in Western NepalC.Maggie DoyneMom to More Than 50D.A Girl Lived on Her Own79.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“She decided to travel and arrived in western Nepal in 2006.”可知,玛吉多依纳于2006年抵达尼泊尔西部。80.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“She soon learned that 7-year-old Hima sold the rocks to support her family.”
10、可知,希玛卖岩石是为了养家糊口。81.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With the help from the community.”可知,多依纳得到了社区的支持。82.C【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知,玛吉多依纳看到尼泊尔西部许多孤儿悲惨的生活后,决定帮助他们,她用自己的积蓄为这些孤儿们建立了属于他们自己的家。她也是这些孩子们的“妈妈”。C项为最佳标题。典例2(2019安徽)The world uses about a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day.Water is a human right and everyone shou
11、ld have their share.Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean,safe water.Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us.And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at
12、 all,and it is running into oceans.But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.While 75% of our planet is covered with water,only about 2% is fresh waterthat comes from rivers,lakes,ice and snow.The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.Then de
13、salination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostly in coastal countries.They process(加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.Scientists are working to create a less costly technology.They want
14、 to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough.But for now,the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.()83.How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?A.Under 10 million.B.Only 19 million.C.About 92 million.D.Over 700 mi
15、llion.()84.Treating wastewater helps the environment by.A.storing waste in ice and snowB.letting waste run into oceansC.keeping waste out of rivers and oceansD.sending waste to coastal countries ()85.What does the underlined word “desalination” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.远洋运输B.潮汐发电C.食盐销售D.海水淡化()86.At pre
16、sent,the technology to process water.A.needs much energyB.saves much moneyC.satisfies everyoneD.causes pollution()87.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Water should be a human right.B.The water problem is still serious.C.Our planet is covered with water.D.Everyone has enough clean water.83.
17、D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean,safe water.”可知,全世界有7亿多人难以获得干净、安全的水。84.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us.And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans.”可
18、知,通过让废水远离河流与海洋的方式来处理废水有助于保护环境。85.D【解析】词义推测题。根据第三段中的“The rest,98% of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.”以及“They process more than 92 million tons of water every day.”可知,其余98%的水都在海洋中,太咸了不能喝。工厂每天加工超过9200万吨水。由此可推测,desalination 意为“海水淡化”。86.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But the technology th
19、ey use requires a lot of energy.”可知,处理水的技术要消耗大量的能源。87.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推测,现在水问题仍然很严重。典例3(2019安徽)Remember when you were a little child trying to learn to walk?First,you had to learn how to balance(平衡) yourself and stand.You fell down,and then got back up.You laughed sometimes and cried at other
20、times.After much practice,you finally learned how to balance yourself.You got much pleasure from this new feeling of poweryoud stand everywhere you could.It was a happy timeyou did it!Now,the next stepwalking.Youd seen others do it.It didnt look that hardjust move your legs while you were standing.W
21、rongmore difficult than you ever imagined.But after you tried again and again and again,you understood how to walk.If people found you walking,they cheered,“Oh,look at what the kid is doing.” This encouraged you!But look back on those days when you were the little childhow many times did you try whe
22、n no one was watching,or when no one was cheering?You couldnt wait for someone to encourage you to take the next steps.You learned how to encourage yourself.So,keep trying and encouraging yourself as you learned to walk if you want to succeed in doing something.88.What is the first step in learning
23、to walk?(不超过15个词)89.When did you understand how to walk?(不超过15个词)90.What should you do if you want to succeed in doing something?(不超过15个词)88.The first step in learning to walk is to balance yourself and stand./To learn how to balance yourself and stand.【解析】细节性问题。根据第二段第一句“First,you had to learn how t
24、o balance yourself and stand.”可知,学习走路的第一步是学习如何保持平衡并站立起来。89.I/We understood how to walk after I/we tried again and again and again.【解析】细节性问题。根据第三段最后一句“But after you tried again and again and again,you understood how to walk.”可知,在经过一次又一次的尝试之后,我们才知道如何走路。90.I/We should keep trying and encouraging myself/ourselves as I/we learned to walk.【解析】概括性问题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,如果我们想成功,就要像学习走路一样,不断尝试,不断激励自己。
