1、牛津译林版英语七下Unit2Neighbours知识点精讲Unit 2 Neighbours一词汇精讲1. likelike 作介词，意为“像；与相似”，对应的反义词为unlike。短语look like表示“看起来像”。例如：Draw it like this! 照这样画！ She looks like her mother. 她长得像她妈妈。【拓展】like与aslike与as作介词，都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。（1）like意为“像一样”。用于相似关系，即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处，但并不等于。（2）as意为“作为；以身份”。用于说明同一关系，即两者实为一体。例如：She tal
2、ks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。（她不是我妈妈） She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。（她是我妈妈）2. most ofmost of意为“中的大多数”，后面接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；也可接不可数名词，此时谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。 Most of the water is clean. 大部分水是干净的。【注意】most of 后的名词是单数时，谓语动词也
3、用单数形式。例如：Most of the apple is red. 这个苹果大部分是红的。 3. something与anythingsomething作不定代词，意为“某事，某物”，多用于肯定句中。在疑问句和否定句中常用anything；否定句中常用nothing。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。anything还有“任何事物”的意思。例如：Something happens. 有事发生了。 Id like something to eat. 我想吃点东西。 Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你自行车是不是出问题了? Anything is pos
4、sible. 一切皆有可能。【注意】（1）在很有礼貌的问某人要吃什么和喝什么时，应该使用something。这是一种特殊的用法。例如：I feel a bit hungry. 我感觉有点儿饿。 Why dont you have some bread? 吃些面包怎么样? Would you like something to drink? 想喝点什么吗？ （2）在表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中常用some或something。在表达“任何”这一含义时肯定句中常用any或anything。例如：You can get it in any department store. 这东西你在哪个百货
5、商店都买得到。 I believe anything he says. 我相信他所说的任何话。4. be ready to do sth.be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事/愿意做某事”。例如：He is always ready to help others. 他随时准备帮助他人。 Ill be ready to leave. 我准备离开。【拓展】be/get ready for意为“为做准备”。例如：They are ready for the party. 他们为聚会做好了准备。 All the students are getting ready for the s
6、ports meeting. 所有学生都在为运动会做准备。 5. do some shopping动词do后跟动名词形式构成短语，动名词作do的宾语，具有名词性质，可以用some或the 修饰。例如：do some reading 阅读 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做饭 do some swimming 游泳 do some reading 练习阅读 do some listening 练习听力6. make a firefire作不可数名词，意为“火”。make a fire是固定短语，意为“生火”。例如：Keep away with fire. 切
7、勿近火。 We can make a fire to keep the room warm. 我们可以生火让房间温暖起来。【拓展】由make构成的词组有：make noise发出噪音 make friends交朋友make tea沏茶 make money赚钱make a living谋生 make trouble 制造麻烦make a sentence造句 make the bed铺床make a decision决定 make a speech演讲7.job与workwork和job作名词是同义词，都有“工作、职业”的意思。不过，它们之间还是有些区别的。（1）job是可数名词，指特定工作。
8、work是不可数名词，泛指工作。我们可以说a job，不能说a work。例如：Peter has a good job in a bank. 彼得在一家银行有份很好的工作。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 Looking after three cats is not easy work. 照顾三只猫咪可不是件容易事。（2）上班用英文讲是go to work。这是一个固定搭配，我们不能说go to a job。例如：My father goes to work at 8 am. 我爸爸八点上班。（3）job只能用作名词，work还可以用作动词，不
9、仅有“上班、工作”的意思，还可以作“努力”或“从事”来讲。例如：Both of my parents work. 我父母都工作。 If you work hard, you will speak English well. 只要你努力，你的英语就会讲得很好。 8. elder与olderelder为形容词old的比较级形式，意为“年长的”。同时old还对应有一个比较级形式older，注意二者之间的区别。【拓展】older, elder的区别：（1）older 通常用于比较两个人的年龄大小或者两个物体之间的新旧程度。例如：He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年
10、长。 This book is older than that one. 这本书比那一本旧一些。（2）elder专用于同一个家庭成员之间的长幼对比，也有时指职位、身份较高的人，且只能用于形容人。例如：Tom is my elder brother汤姆是我的哥哥。 You are all elder statesmen你们都是政治元老/资深政客。 9. by train/bus/ship/bike结构为“by + 交通工具名称”构成表示交通方式的短语，意为“乘坐”。例如：by bike 骑自行车 by taxi 坐出租车 by train 坐火车【拓展】表示交通方式的其它几种表达（1）用“by
11、+ 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：by ca r乘小汽车 by bus 乘公共汽车（2） 用“by + 交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式。例如：by wate 由水路 by land 从陆路 by sea 从海路 by air 乘飞机（3） 用“in/on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词 + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。其中，in多用在car等交通工具之前，而on多用在bike/horse/bus/train/ship等交通工具之前，它们的用法与“by + 交通工具名词”的用法相同。例如：She often goes to school on a/her bike.= She ofte
12、n goes to school by bike. 她经常骑自行车上学。 They went there on a bus.= They went there by bus. 他们乘公共汽车去那里。（4）用“take + a/the + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。例如：take a train 乘火车 take a bus 乘公共汽车 take a ship 乘船 take a plane 乘飞机【注意】“骑自行车”要翻译为“ride a bike”。10. worry about（1）worry可用作不及物动词或及物动词。作及物动词时，意为“使烦恼，使担忧”。作不及 物动词时，意为“发愁，
13、担心，烦恼”，常与介词about连用。例如：Whats worrying you? 什么事使你烦恼？ Dont worry about me. 不要为我担心。 Your parent is coming, dont worry. 你的家长就要来了，不要担心。（2）worry about sb./sth. 意为“为某人/某事而焦虑、烦恼、担心，担心某人/某事”。例如：Dont worry about me. 不要为我担心。 She worries about little things. 他为一些小事而烦恼。【拓展】worry about与be worried aboutworry about强
14、调“担心”的动作，worry为动词；be worried about侧重“担心”的状态，worried为形容词。例如：Your mother will worry about you. 你妈妈会担心你。 Mrs. Brown is always worried about her son. 布朗夫人总是为她的儿子担心。二词汇精练I.根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1. My house is next to Uncle Lis; we are_（邻居）.2. My computer is _（损坏的）. It doesnt work.3. Toms father is a _（邮递员）. He
15、works in a post office. 4. Lucy is older than Lily. She is Lilys _（年长的）sister. 5. The boy feels _（恶心的）. We must send him to hospital.6. These books are _（有用的，有帮助的）to the children. 7. Whose homework is _（更好的）, Toms or Lilys?8. Lets _（修理）the bike before her. 9. Youre _（幸运的）to have your own bedroom.10.
16、 He moves and talks _（像）his father.11. Dont w_ about him. He can do it well.12. He is always r_ to help others. He is a good person. 13. He got a j_as a waiter in a restaurant. 14. Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the police s_? II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。1. Look! There are some _ (policeman) over ther
17、e. What happened（发生）? 2. Hes father runs two _(company).3. His _(old) brother is a doctor.4. Cleaning the car is my least favourite（最不喜欢）_(job). 5. I would like to be an _(art) because I like art. 6. It _ (sound) very reasonable.7. Reading and writing are two different _ (skill).8. Lets _ (check) to
18、 see if shes OK.9. My MP4 is _ (break) . 10. Id like _ (something) to drink. III. 从方框中选择恰当短语并用其适当形式填空。make a fire, be ready to, do some shopping, by train,in the future, worry about1. Miss Yang often _at the weekend. 2. There will be no school_. 3. We will go to Qingdao _ to visit my grandparents. 4
19、. Lets _ to make the room warm.5. I _ help others. 6. Dont _ your son. He is healthy now. 三句式精讲1. Where are you going?（现在进行时表将来）be going此处为“现在进行时表将来”。现在进行时表将来主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感。go, come, leave等表示位移的动词，都可以用于现在进行时表将来。例如：He is going. 他要走了。 Im coming. 我要来了。 Tom is
20、 leaving. 汤姆要走了。 2. “be going to+动词原形”表将来be going to意为“计划，打算”，后接动词原形，用于表将来。例如：Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。 Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里？ 3. help sb. with sth.help sb with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：I have to help my parents with the housework. 我得帮助我的父母做家务。 Can you help
21、me with the work? 你能帮助我做这项工作吗？【拓展】与help相关的固定用法：（1）help sb (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如：Sometimes I help my mother do the cooking. 有时候我帮我母亲做饭。（2）help oneself (to)意为“自用（食物）等”。例如：Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。（3）with the help of意为“在的帮助下”。此处help作名词。例如：With the help of her, he found his lost child. 在
22、她的帮助下，他找到了他失踪的孩子。4. There is something wrong with sth.句型There is something wrong with sth.意为“某物坏（失灵）了”。相当于Something is not working well.，还可以用Something is broken.替换。例如：There is something wrong with my watch. 我的手表坏了。 Here is something wrong with my eyes. 我的眼睛出毛病了。【拓展】There is nothing wrong with sth.“某
23、物没有坏/出毛病”。 Is there anything wrong with sth.“某物出故障了吗？”例如： There is nothing wrong with your computer. 你的电脑没问题。 Is there anything wrong with my legs? 我的腿有毛病吗？ 5. Youre welcome.Youre welcome.意为“不用谢”。是对别人致谢时的答语。与其用法相同的还有：Thats all right. /That s OK./Not at all.等。例如：Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。Youre wel
24、come. 不用谢。【拓展】welcome也可作动词，表示“欢迎”。例如：They welcomed him with flowers. 他们用鲜花欢迎他的到来。6. “will/shall+动词原形”表将来“will/shall + 动词原形”表示的是将来事件，意为“将要做某事”，其中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。否定形式是在will/shall后加not。will not可简写为wont，shall not可简写为shant。例如：I will go to Shanghai by plane. 我打算坐飞机去上海。 He wont go home this weekend. 这周末他不
25、回家。 四句式精练I.连词成句。1. problems, they, us, kinds, with, all, of, help_.2. how, uncle, about, your_?3. you, good, sure, will, at, it, Im, be_.4. that, a, idea, sounds, good, like_.5. community, lucky, to, a, like, that, youre, centre, have_.II. 句型转换，按要求完成下列句子。1. Your mother is always worried about your E
26、nglish.（改为同义句）Your mother always _ _ your English.2. There is something wrong with your computer.（改成一般疑问句）_ _ _ wrong with your computer?3. Mary goes to school by bike every day.（对划线部分提问）_ _ Mary _ to school every day?4. Tom often helps Miss Li do housework.（改为同义句）Tom often _ Miss Li _ housework.5.
27、I will go to dance this evening. (改为同义句)I _ _ _ dance this evening. III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1. 温迪的家有五口人。_ _ five people in Wendys family.2. 你打算在将来做什么。What are you going to be _ _ _?3. 我打算成为一名电脑工程师。Im _ _ _ a computer engineer.4. 我的汽车坏了，我打算请一位汽车工程师检查一下。There is _ _ _ my car. Im going _ _ a car engineer _ _
28、it.5. 他要回家了。He is _ _.6. 谢谢你的帮助！不客气。Thank you _ your help!Youre _.IV根据题意从括号内选择适当的单词完成下列句子。1. Tomorrow I will _ (use, used) my computer to send an e-mail to my pen friend.2. My mother and I _ (is going to do, are going to do) some shopping next Sunday.3. I think it will _ (be, being) cloudy this afternoon.4. He often goes to the library on weekends, but he _ (wont,arent) go there this Saturday.5. _ (Will, Is) it going to _ (bein
