1、 There being no bus, we had to walk home.二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。It being Sunday, all the offices are closed.2名词（或代词） + to +V（短语）不定式表示将来的动作。1）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.2）Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.3名词（或代词） + Ved过去
2、分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作。1）The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.2）The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.3）He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4名词（或代词） + 形容词（短语）形容词（短语）在独立主格结构中说明前面名词或代词的性质、状态1）The floor wet, we
3、had to stay outside for a while.2）He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5名词（或代词） + 副词副词在独立主格结构中也多是说明名词或代词的状态。1）The meeting over, we all went home.2）School over, we all went home.6名词（或代词） + 介词短语1）A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.2）He left the office, tears in eyes.在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，当介词是in时
4、，其前后的两个名词均不加任何修饰成分。但with 的复合结构不受此限制。例如：The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.三、独立主格结构的作用： 多用作状语1.表示时间His homework done（=After his homework was done）,Mary decided to go shopping.2.表示原因There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home.3.表示条件Weather permitting（=If weather pe
5、rmits），well go to play basketball.4.表示方式或伴随He sat at the table, head down.l 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，l 动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束，l 动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。1）The manager looks worried，many things to be settled.2）The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.3）The man lay there, his hands trembling.四、With（ without） 的复合结构
6、的构成以及句法功能（一）、with / without +宾语+宾语补足语构成复合结构的几种情况:1. with+名词/代词+形容词He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open.= He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.注意：在“with+名词/代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词形式或-ed形式。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.With his father well-known, the bo
7、y didnt want to study.2. with+名词/代词+副词The boy was walking, with his father ahead.= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.3. with+名词/代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.4. with+名词/代词+VedWith his homework done, Peter we
8、nt out to play.= When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.5. with+名词/代词+VingThe girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the
9、 window.6. with+名词/代词+to doThe little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.（二）、With （without） 的复合结构的句法功能：定语和状语1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. （定语）2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.= He stood in
10、 the rain, and his clothes were wet. （伴随状语）3 The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.=The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因状语）4With the signal given, the train started.= After the signal was given, the train started. （时间状语） 分词短语，独立主格，with结构
11、1.分词短语做状语把复合句改写成分词短语做状语1）if，as,when,after 等状语从句及伴随状语（并列句）2）二个句子主语不一致 公式：Ving Ved Having done Having been done2.分词独立主格结构 把复合句改写成分词独立主格结构做状语1）if ,as,when,after,状语从句及并列句等n.（pron） +Ving/Ved/to do/adj/adv n.（pron） +having done/having been done n.（pron） +介词短语 gun in hand（名词前无冠词） eg.He sat there,book in ha
12、nd.1）When he had done his work,he went home.= Having done his work,he went home.2）When his work had been done,he went home.= His work having been done,he went home.3.with的复合结构：with+n/pron+Ving/Ved/to do/adj/adv/p.p去with成为独立主格，再去名词成为分词短语。4.独立主格结构可省略being Eg:The meeting（ being） over,everyone went home
13、.5. n+介词短语 with+n+介词短语 结构有区别，不一样。 The soldier sat there,gun in hand.（名词前无冠词） The soldier sat there,with a gun in his hand.（名词前有冠词和物主代词）6.分词give用在独立主格结构中，常被放在它的逻辑主语的前边。 多给些时间，他会把工作做得更好。 Given some more time,he could do his homework much better.练习：把复合句改写成分词短语做状语 1.If we are compared with advanced unit
14、s,we will have a long way to go.2.As we were encouraged by the Party secretarys words,they made uo their minds to go on with their experiment.3.When she was asked who she was,she saide she was Mr.Johnsons secretary.4.After he had done his duty,he went back to his army unit.5.As they were tired out b
15、y a hard days work,they didnt go out that evening.6.If he is given time ,he will make a good swimmer.7.When they heard the news,they immediately set off for the station.8.The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when it is completed.9.After they were told that bad weather was on the way,they decided to
16、put The game off.10.As Hans had missed the last bus,he had to go home on foot.11.As he thought that he might lose his seat,he rushed into the room.12.As he was wet all over,he decided to take a bath.13.The teacher came into the classroom and carried a dictionary under his arm.答案：1.Compared with adva
17、nced units,2.Encouraged by the Party secretarys words,3.Asked who she was,.4.Having done his duty,.5.Tired out by a hard days work,6.Given time,.7.（After） hearding the news,.8.When completed,.9.Having been told that bad weather was on the way,.10.Having missed the last bus,Hans11.Thinking that he mi
18、ght lose his seat,12.Being wet all over,he decided.13.Carrying a dictionary under his arm,the.用独立主格改写复合句1.If all things are considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.2.If wether permits,we shall come.3.When the sun had risen,they continued their way.4.When the guests had left,they went on
19、with their discussion.5.When the meeting was over,all eft the room.6.When the shower was over,we we continued marching.7.I have bought a new suit of clothes,for the old suit has been worn out.8.As Green had been dismissed,Smith had to do his work instead.9.When the audience had taken their seats,the
20、 secretary began his report.10.As there was nothing to do,we went home.11.As it was Sunday,the library was closed.12.As the teacher was ill,the lecture was put off.13.Theman has no light of its own and only sunlight shines on it.14.Because the question is rather difficult,we must take time to consid
21、er it carefully.15.When the sun is gone,the stars appearbright.16.Now that the holidays were over,we decided to get down to some hard work.17.As the patient was weak,the operation had to be put off.18.As her mother had fallen ill,she had togo home to look after her.1.All thinga considered,her.2.Weat
22、her pernitting,.3.The sun having risen,.4.The guests having left,.5.The meeting （being） over,.6.The shower （being） over,we continued marching.7.The oldsuit having been worn out,I have bought a .8.Green having been dismissed,Mr Smith.9.The audience having taken their seats,.10.re being nothing to do,
23、11.It being Sunday,.12.The teacher （being） ill,.13.The moon has nolight of its own and only sunlight shiningn it14.The question being rather difficult,we must.15.The sun gone,the stars appear bright.16.The holidays being over,wedecided to get17.The patient being weak,the operation.18.Her mother havi
24、ng fallen ill,she had to go.独立主格练习题1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.A. will come B, coming C. to comeD. having come3. The meeting _ over, he we
25、nt to pick up his son directlyA. to be B. is C. was D. being4. - They sat still in the room, _.- Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawnC. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn5. The sun _ , they continued their way.A. has risen B. having risen C
26、. has raisedD. having raised6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month.A. comes out B. came out C. coming ou
27、t D. to come out8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointingC. disappointing D. being disappointed9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled10
28、John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished11. ?_ , I had to ask for two days leave.A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C12. With so many books ?_ , I couldnt go to surf the Internet. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read13. The thief st
