1、我们知道，英语句子（主句或从句）只有一套主谓结构（一主一谓）。如果出现其它动词，则不 能再充当句子谓语，称之为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的基本形式： 不定式 to do； 动名词/现在分词 doing； 过去分词 done。谓语是完整的时态结构。 句子谓语个数=连接词个数+1.例如 Animation has always been a popular industry in Japan.连接词个数：0 个 句子谓语个数 1 个：has been。【2017 年全国卷 1 】 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spendin
2、g most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.2 个谓语个数为 3 个: had told; would be spending; would have laughed强化练习 找出下列句子的谓语动词：【2017 年全国卷 2】The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.A. has permittedB. to useC. to ma
3、keD. to fly答案：A这句话有几个谓语动词？【2016 年全国卷 1】Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused.A.1B.2C.3D.4B非谓语动词不能充当句子谓语。 非谓语动词可以充当句子的其它成分：主语、表语、宾语、补语、状语、定语。 区别下列句子中非谓语动词（短语）的成分：例如：Smoking is prohibited here.（主语）The government permitted the
4、company to use special materials.（补语）The words used in the book are from poems.（定语） To improve my English, I worked very hard.（状语） He promised not to tell anyone about it.（宾语）His hobby is collecting stamps.（表语）强化练习下列句子共有几个非谓语动词？1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, turning the old town int
5、o a dreamland.1 个2. 【2017 年全国卷 2】Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.4 个Part 2 分词的含义与用法 学习目标记住现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done 的含义。分词分为现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done。 在句中起修饰作用，相当于形容词或副词
6、，在句中可以作定语、状语、补语。 分词作定语的位置：单个分词前置； 分词短语后置。经典例句1. I have a dog.2. I have a precious dog.形容词 precious”珍贵的”充当句子中的定语，修饰名词 dog。3. I have a swimming dog.swimming 是现在分词作定语，修饰名词 dog。表示”正在游泳的狗”。即单个分词位置前置。4. I have a dog swimming in the pool.swimming in the pool 是现在分词短语，修饰名词 dog，表示”正在游泳池游泳的狗”。即分词短语 位置后置。分词作定语的
7、含义： 现在分词：进行 过去分词：完成对比下列词组：falling leaves 正在掉落的叶子 （进行）fallen leaves 已经掉落的叶子（完成）a sinking ship 一艘正在沉的船（进行）a sunken ship 一艘已经沉的船（完成）a developing country 一个发展中国家（进行）a developed country 一个发达国家（完成）现在分词：主动 过去分词：被动the rising sun （主动）a broken cup （被动）the burning coal （主动）a respected writer （被动）the barking do
8、g （主动）boiled water （被动） 必背：主动进行 过去分词：被动完成分词作定语的考点 考试主要考后置定语，判断主被动。 即非谓语动词和紧跟名词的主被动关系。1. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.build（建造）与其紧跟名词 school（学校）之间是被动关系，即学校被建造。所以选用过去 分词 build。分词短语 built in 1980s 后置即可。2. The park was full of people enjoying themselves in the sunshine.enjoy（享受）与其紧跟名词 peopl
9、e（人们）之间是主动关系，即人们享受。所以选用现在分 词 enjoying。分词短语 enjoying themselves in the sunshine 后置即可。3. Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.Carry（承载）与其紧跟名词 airplanes（飞机）之间是主动关系，即飞机承载人们。所以选用 现在分词 carrying。分词短语 carrying more people 后置即可。用所给动词的现在分词 doing 或过去分词 done 形式填空：1.
10、The _（fall） snow was frozen hard.2. The _（fall） snowflakes in the sky are beautiful.3. Clint cant bear the smell of _ （burn） bread.4. Stay away from the _（burn） coal.5. Did you attend the meeting_ （hold） last Saturday?1. fallen2. falling3. burned4. burning5. heldPart 3 拓展阅读Birthdays Around the World
11、.Birthday traditions vary around the world. In the United States, people often cel ebrate a birthday with a party. They give presents and serve cake and ice cream. People in Korea celebrate in a different way. They eat seaweed soup and rice cakes. Koreans serve seaweed soup because it is healthful,
12、and they decorate the rice cakes with nuts and dried fruit. Party guests may wear traditional clothes called hanbok. The jacket looks like a shirt with long sleeves. Women wear skirts, and men wear loose, flowing pants.In China people eat “l ongevi ty noodles” on their birthdays. These long noodles
13、symbolize long life. Children do not have birthday parties, because parents do not want the gods to notice the children until they are adults. However, children may eat special birthday foods, such as an egg dish. Parents urge their children to eat the yellow yolk in the middle of the egg. In Chines
14、e the word for “yolk” sounds the same as the word for “control” Children eat the yolk as a reminder that adults guide them. Parents give their children money in a red envelope for luck. Adults have birthday parti es. One of the biggest parties happens when a person turns 60.Children in Mexico have b
15、irthday parties with family and friends. They play with a piata, which is a hollow figure in the shape of an animal, a flower, or favorite thing. The piata contains candy and prizes, and it hangs from the ceiling. Each child tries to hit the piata with a stick. Children must take turns, and they als
16、o must wear a blindfold, or a piece of cloth that covers their eyes. People believe that the child who breaks the pi fiat a will have good luck, When the piata breaks, everyone grabs the treasures that fall out of it.In Germany people call a childs birthday party a kinder fest. Hi storians think tha
17、t Germans were the first people to have birthday parties for children. P arents place a wooden birthday wreath withcandles on it upon the table. They light a tall candle in the middle, the “life” candle, every year until their child turns 12 years old. The mother cooks all day to prepare a homemade
18、meal for this event.A child at a birthday party in Canada may find a coin in his or her piece of cake. When the children play party games, the child who finds the coin goes first. Guests may also receive “crackers.” A cracker is a tube covered with colored paper. When a person pulls a paper strip, t
19、he cracker splits open with a loud bang. The cracker may have a prize inside it. The prize could be a paper that tells the persons fortune.拓展词汇cel ebrate： to have a party, ceremony, or other activity for an eventLongevi ty：length of lifeHi storians：people who study or write about historyWreath：an object shaped like a ring or a circle
