1、名词的用法及归纳图文稿 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）名词的用法及归纳名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。一、名词的分类类别用法例词普通名词表示一类人、或东西、或一个抽象概念的名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen, student, desk, book, bike集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family, class, people, school不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, water, paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work, time,
2、 news专有名词表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写）翻译：长城 ；汤姆 ；中国 二、名词的数1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成： 变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、一般情况下，在词尾加sbook 2、ch, sh, s, x + es watch , box 3、o + es （动植物） tomato , potato o + s （非动植物）photo , radio 4、元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+ y + s boy ; holiday ; monkey （辅音字母） + y iesstudy ; technol
3、ogy 5、f, fe ves wife ; leaf 6、双重复数变为复数：a woman nurse 变为复数：a man doctor 国民的复数形式：国别复数形式Chinese / Japanese（中日）Englishman / Frenchman / （英法）American/ Australian/ German, etc. / / （其他）2. 不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”。【例题】翻译以下词组：两杯水： ； 两条新闻： ； 两张纸： ； 几片面包： ；两袋大米： ； 3.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词
4、，但词义有所不同。不可数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit水果fruitsfood食物foodsfish鱼fishesdrink饮料、酒a drinkcloth布a clothsand沙sandschicken鸡肉a chickenorange橘汁an orangeglass玻璃glassespaper纸a paperwood木头woodsroom空间a room4. 数量的表示：修饰可数名词a few 一点苹果： （肯定）few (几乎没有) 一点苹果： （否定）many 许多人： a (great) number of 大量学生： 修饰不可数名词a little 一点
5、点面包： （肯定）little (几乎没有）一点面包： （否定）much 许多大米： (large) amounts of大量的水资源： a great deal of 许多钱： 既修饰可数名词 又修饰不可数名词a lot of = lots of 许多羊： （只用于肯定）plenty of 大量的信息： some一些故事： any一些错误： enough足够的食物： 三、名词的所有格1. 有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格： 不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s。【例题】：麦克的手表： 以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。【例题】：老师们的办公室： ； 两个
6、或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。【例题】：汤姆和麦克的房间： ; 杰克和玛丽的姐姐： ; 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。【例题】：玛丽的自行车和汤姆的自行车： 汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐： 在表示“店铺、某某家、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。【例题】：在他弟弟家： ；在医生的诊所里： ；在史密斯先生家： ； 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：【例题】：开车十分钟的路程： ；一个月的假期： ；两周的工作： 用所有格表示节日的方法。如：Teachers Day；Childrens Day注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（Mothers Da
7、y、Fathers Day），其他节日都用名词复数的所有格表示。 【例题】：妇女节： ; 儿童节： ; 2. 无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of结构。【例题】：一张中国地图： ；这个游戏的开始 ；这个房间的门： 3. 特殊形式：1） 可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用of短语表示：the boys name= ；Chinas population= 2） 双重所有格。【例题】：我妈妈的一个朋友： ；汤姆的一张照片： 练习选择题A：（数）1. In the picture there are many _ and two _. A. sheep, foxes B. sheeps, f
8、ox C. sheeps, foxes D. sheep, foxs2. In Britain, _ are all painted red. A. letter boxes B. letters boxes C. letter box D letters box3. Please remember to give the horse some tree _. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave4. Can we have some _ Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear5. They got
9、much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 6. What would you like to have for lunch, sir? Id like _. A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken7. Children should make _ for old people in a bus. A. room B. a room C. rooms D. the room8. Tables are made of _. A. w
10、ood B. some woods C. wooden D. woods9. There are four _ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japanese, Germens10. A group of _ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American11. There are sixty-seven _ in our scho
11、ol. A. womens teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher12. There are five _ in our factory. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers13. Would you like _ tea? No, thanks. I have drunk two _.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottl
12、es of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges14. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat. A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads15. Can you give me _ A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea 16. John bought _ for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes
13、B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes17. What _ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a18. He gave us _ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice19. It really took him _ to draw the nice horse. A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some tim
14、e20. She was very happy. She? in the maths test. A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake选择题B：（所有格）1. March 8th is _ Day. A. Womans B. Womens C. Womans D. Women2. Is the broom under _ desk No, its under _. A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teache
15、rs; me D. the teachers; mine3. Excuse me, where is the _ A. mens room B. mens room C. mens rooms D. men rooms4. The football under the bed is _. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys5. His bag is nicer than _ in his class. A. any other student B. the other students
16、C. any other students D. any students6. Joan is _. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister7. In a few _ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years C. years D. years8. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about
17、_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk9. Please take two _. A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park10. Miss Smith is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Ma
18、ry mothers附加题：1. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many2. Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man cannot do _ by himself. A. great many; many B. much; a great many C. a great deal of; much D. many; a great many3. In he
19、r letter Aunt Mary told us many _ about her visit to Japan. A. news B. stories C. advices D. idea4. Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-mail. A. some good informations B. some good information C. good informations D. a good information5. Can I help you, sir? Id like to have 100 _. I want the students to dr
20、aw pictures on them. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper6. They want three _. A. loaf bread B. loaf of bread C. loaves bread D. loaves of bread7. September 10th is _ Day. A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers8. Those nice cars are those famous _. A. dancers B. dancers
21、 C. dancers D. dancer9. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there. A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Janes D. Marys and Janes10. How far is it from your office to your flat? Its about _. A. 20 minutes walk B. 20-minutes walk C. walk 20 minutes D. 20 minutes walk11. Im g
22、oing to help _ with _ English. A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancys, her C. a friend of Nancys, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her12. _ that pair of new _ expensive? A. Is, shoe B. Are, shoe C. Is shoes D. Are, shoes13. _ leaving for Beijing tomorrow. A. The Zhang is B. The Zhangs are C. The
23、 Zhangs are D. Zhangs is14. This is a book of _. A. Tom B. Toms C. her D. him15. The post card is sent by _. A. a friend of my father B. a friend of my fathers C. my father friend D. my father friends16. This room is _. A. Bill and Davids B. Bills and Davids C. Bills and Davids D. Bill and David17.
24、I would like to have _. A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks18. This table is made of _. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass19. I wonder why _ are so interested in action films. A. people B. peoples C. the people D. the peoples20. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. piece D. pair
