1、新目标七九年级英语语法学生用名词部分要点： 1、熟记部分可数与不可数 2、可数名词复数构成形式A. 规则名词 B. 不规则（单复同、变内部元音字母、其它）C. 国人 D. 复合名词、 3、名词所有格 一给下列名词分类：cake, bread, message, information, newspaper, paper, job, work, pen, pencil, chalk, language, English等各种语言, beef, room(房间) ,room(空间), chicken(鸡), chicken(鸡肉), yuan, dollar, money, idea, fish(
2、鱼) ,fish(鱼肉), knowledge, weather, news, maths等各学科, Christmas, cabbage, pork, advice, glass(玻璃杯), glass(玻璃) 可数名词：(可数名词可以直接放在数词之后，如果是二个以上，则名词要变成复数形式)- 不可数名词：(不可数名词不可以直接放在数词之后，如果要表示数量，则要用相应的量词如： 一张/条/片：a piece of 一袋：a bag of一瓶：a bottle of一杯：a cup of一玻璃杯：a glass of,同时以两个出现的a pair of)-练习：汉译英一张纸 - 五张纸 -一张
3、报纸 - 五张报纸 -一篮苹果- - 三篮苹果 -一支铅笔 - 五支铅笔 -多好的天气啊！- 替某人腾出地方 -一条裤子 - 两条裤子 -特别注意：1. clothes, trousers, police=policemen, people (人们)-为复数概念2. family(家人), class(全班同学), team(队员) -这些名词当成员解时为复数概念3. 一个人 a person 一个民族 a people 两个人two people 两个民族two peoples time时间（不可数）如：some time(一些时间);但其前有形容词时要加a，如：a long/short/g
4、ood time 4. time次数(可数) 如：once(一次),twice(二次),three times(三次),some times(一些次数), how many times(多少次) 注：sometimes有时(用于一般现在时)；sometime将来某时(用于一般将来时) 练习：1. Where_(be) my clothes? 2. The police_(be) coming now.3. My family_(be) watching TV now. 4. My family_ (be) a happy one.5. There are five_ (人)in my fami
5、ly. 6. There are 56_ (民族) in China.二可数名词复数构成形式：规则名词 1、一般加s : 如：books, days. 2、以s, x , ch, sh, 结尾加es: 如：boxes, buses, brushes, watches. 3、以f(e)结尾去f(e)变v加es: 如：knife-knives, life-lives, leaf-leaves. 4、以辅+y去y变i加es: 如：story-stories. 5、以o结尾除（tomatoes, potatoes, heroes, Negroes）外, 其余加s:如：photos, radios不规则
6、：1、变内部元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, policeman-policemen 2、单复同：sheep-sheep, fish-fish(es), 3、其它形式：child-children, mouse-mice , 国人： 1、单复同：Chinese, Japanese. 2、man-men: Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen, 3、加s: German-Germans, American-Americans等复合名词：1、a girl/boy student-tw
7、o girl/ boy students2. a man/woman doctor-two men /women doctors 3、a brother-in-lawtwo brothers-in-law a tooth-brushtwo tooth-brushes三名词所有格 1. 不以s结尾的名词加s: Toms, a minutes walk, Womens Day, Childrens Day, Japans history, Beijings weather, one hours bus ride 2. 以s结尾的复数名词加 : two minutes (分钟的)walk, Teac
8、hers Day（教师节） (注：如果以s 结尾的名词不是复数形式, 那么其名词所有格仍加 s。如：琼斯的小汽车 Joness car；我老板的家my bosss home 3. 共同拥有： Lily and Lucys 分别拥有： Lilys and Lucys They are Lilys and Lucys sons. The man is Lily and Lucys father. 4. of用法：意为“的”（注意of前后的关系）如：a friend of my fathers= my fathers friend我爸爸的朋友 a photo of my father我爸爸的照片 a
9、 photo of my fathers我爸爸收藏的照片 the top of the house房子的顶部 (注：表示店铺或某人的家时，可省略所有格后的名词如：the doctors 医生的诊所，my uncles 我叔叔家四名词在句子中的作用：主语Beijing is the capital of China. 宾语We love our motherland.表语He became a handsome boy. 宾语补足语They made Tom our monitor.定语He is standing at the school gate.状语(限于表示时间和距离等概念的名词 如：
10、The translator radio cost me one hundred yuan.同位语 He has great concern for us students. 五主谓一致(1) 表示“距离、时间、重量、面积、金额”等复数名词通常用单数动词形式。One hundred dollars is (be) not enough.Thirty minutes is (be) sufficient for you.Fifty thousand kilometers is (be) a long way.(2) 就近原则either or 要么要么 Either you or I am (b
11、e) right.neither nor既不也不 Neither I nor he is (be) right.not only but( also)不但而且 Not only I but Tom wants (want) to go there.There be名型 (某地/时)有 There is _(be) a pen and two books on the desk.(3)与第一个一致A as well as/(together)with B Father as well as I likes (like) watching TV.(4) 两者相加A and B Tom and Bo
12、b are (be) good students.六修饰名词的词或短语：1. a few（有几个）, few（几乎没有） , a little（有一点）, little（几乎没有） 这四个当中 含有 “few”的修饰可数复数名词， 含有 “little”的修饰不可数名词。这四个当中 含有 “a”的含有肯定， 不含 “a”的含有否定。例：1. He has _ friends here, so he has to stay at home alone. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little2. There is _ milk in the bottle, a
13、nd I can give you some.A. a few B. few C. a little D. little2. many跟可数复数, much跟不可数（两者都可单独使用）lots of = a lot of(跟可数复数或不可数名词)Much fresh water has been wasted.（可用lots of或a lot of）Many foreigners have come to China for a visit. （可用lots of或a lot of）3. some与any 共同点： 二者可以单独使用，也可修饰可数复数名词或不可数名词；不同点： some 用于肯
14、定句与希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句。 any 用于疑问句与否定句。如：1. -Are there _ interesting films on in that cinema? No, there arent _./ Yes, there are _.2. Will you give me _ paper?（希望得到对方肯定回答）3. Would you like _ tea? （希望得到对方肯定回答）配套练习：( )1.June 1st is _ Day. A. Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens( )2. September 10th is
15、_ Day. A. the Teacher B. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teachers( )3.I need _ paper, Mum. I want to write _ letter to my English teacher. A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some, any( )4. You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another_?A. one B. game C. programme D. piece( )5. Will you p
16、ass me _? A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chalks( )6. There are two _ and three _ on the table. A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks( )7. We have got a lot of_ today. A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do D. book
17、to read( )8. We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park. A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many( )9. -Would you like _ milk, please?-No, thank you. I still have some. A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all( )10. _ the old woman is in! A. What good health B. How a good he
18、alth C. What a good health D. How good health( )11. Im going to help _ with _ English. A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancys, her C. a friend of Nancys, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her( )12. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there. A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. M
19、ary and Janes D. Marys and Janes( )13. She was very happy. She in the math test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( )14. We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. tomatos C. potatoes D. banana( )15. What big_ the tiger has!
20、A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( )16. Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( )17 In England, the last name is the _.A. full name B. family name C. middle name D. given name( )18. This is my _dictionary.A. sister Mary B. sisters C. sister, Marys D. s
21、isters Marys( )19. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( )20 He gave us_ on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( )21. What_ lovely weather it is! A. / B. the C. an D. a( )22. What _ sunny day it is! A. / B. the C. an
22、 D. a( )23. -Would you like _tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )24. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( )25. It
23、 really took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimes B. hour C. long time D. some time( )26. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk I C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( )27. Can you give me _? A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea( )28. Apr
24、il come before _and after_. A. March; May B. May; March C. June; May D. March; February( )29. John bought _for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( )30. He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor B. the tailor C. a tailors D. the tail
25、ors( )31. Please take two_.A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( )32. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( )33. A group of_ will visit the museum tomorrow. A. German B. Australian C. Japanese D. American( )34. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass( )35. -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-Id like_. !A. chicken B. a chicken C. chickens D. the chicken( )36. Children shoul
