1、初中英语名词专练名词的数以及名词的格专项练习名词 名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。（1）专有名词表示具体的人名，食物名，地名 ，机构名，国名，月份，和节日灯的名词称为专 名词。the WTO December Singapore the Changjiang River 注意：专有名词中各单词的第一个字母需要大写，但其中的虚词，如冠词，介词，连词等 一般不大写， 如 the United Nations 联合国， the Peoples republic of China 中华人 民共和国，也可以把专有名词的所以字母都大写。（2）普通名词有可数名词和不可数名词。1可数名词又可分为个体名词和集体名
2、词。 个体名词如： book, student, key. 集体名词如：army, police, family, people. 2不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 物质名词如： water, wind, glass, steel. 抽象名词如：honesty, love, youth. 名词在句中可以作主语，宾语，补足语，表语，同位语，称呼语，状语，定语等。This country is famous for tea. （作主语）Of all the vegetables, I like potatoes best. （作动词宾语）Someone in the next room is
3、singing a popular song about love. （作介词宾语）We are making our school a beautiful garden. ( 作补足语）Happiness is the true value of life. （作表语）These seats are for us students, and those are for the teachers. ( 作同位语） Monica, wont you come in? （作称呼语）Well meet on Monday. (作状语）In the South of China, there grow
4、 many banana trees. (作定语） 注意：大多数情况下，名词用单数形式作定语，但只有复数形式的名词作定语仍用复数。 a paper basket 一个纸篓 a shoe factory 一家鞋厂 a film star 一位电影明星a clothes shop 一家服装店a glasses store 一家眼镜店a goods train 一列运送货物的火车 名词的数 可数名词一、规则复数形式：（六种）1. 直接加-s 例 bags2. 以-s,-x, -sh,-ch结尾，在后加上-es. 例bus-buses box-boxes3. 以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tom
5、ato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。 4. 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es, 除了roof、proof直接加-s， 例 life-lives wife-wives roof roofs5. 以辅音字母+-y结尾，变y为i 再加-es. 例 city-cities 以元音字母+-y 结尾，直接加-s. 例：boys6. 以th结尾的名词，一般加-s. 例：paths(小道）二、不规则复数形式：1. 变内部元音的情况。woman- women man-menpoliceman-policemenEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-Fren
6、chmen chairman-chairmenfoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese2. 词尾发生变化的情况。child-children ox-oxen3. 单复数形式相同 常用分以下几类：表示动物的名词deer 鹿，fish 鱼，sheep 绵羊，bison 野牛，crab 螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese 中国人，Japanese 日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin 亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft 飞机，aircraft 飞机， spacecraft 太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百，thousand千，million百万，dozen一打， s
7、core 二十其他series 系列；species种类；means方法 works（工厂）crossroads 十字路口注意：某国人的表达法： a Chinese- two Chinese a Japanese-tow Japanese A Frenchman- two Frenchmen a Englishman- two Englishmen I am a Chinese= I am Chinese I am English= I am an Englishman 特殊的复数形式：1. 集体名词的复数形式，有些集体名词只有复数形式，同时也表示复数意义；作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 good
8、s商品 clothes 服装 thanks 感谢2. 有些集体名词只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 police 警察 people3. 有些集体名词常以单数形式出现，侧重整体概念表示单数意义，作主语时谓语动词用单数；若表示多个这样的整体有复数变化形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数。侧重整体中的成员表示复数意义，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Almost every family in the country owns a television. These children are all from single-parent families.His family are a
9、ll Beijing opera fans.4. 有些集体名词总是不可数，只用单数形式. Poetry诗歌 jewelry珠宝 clothing衣服 furniture 家具5.身兼二职的名词对照表glassfish chickentime 可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orange lightpaper hair 可数橘子电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidea lifework可数练习题主意/意见生命着作不可数锻炼了解生活工作turkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interes
10、t room可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】1. family, class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；2. 部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：1 police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。The police(主语)+谓语动词复数2 people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化 e.g. fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族三、合成名词的复数形式：1. 中间没有连字符也没有间隔的合成名词将最后一个名词变成复数形式。birthday-birthdaysblackbo
11、ard-blackboards2. 中间有连字符或间隔的合成名词将其中主要的词变成复数。daughter-in-law -daughters-in-laweditor-in chief-editors-in-chief3. 组成合成名词的单词中没有名词时，则在最后一个词的词尾加-s。go-between-go-betweens(中间人） hang-up-hang-ups（障碍） 四、有两种复数形式的名词：有的名词当具有不同的含义时，其相应的复数形式也不相同。penny 当作“便士”讲，侧重面值时，复数为pence;当作为“便士”讲侧重枚数时，复数为pennies.two pence 两便士 f
12、our pennies 四个一便士的硬币people意为“人，人们”时，本身即为复数；people还有“民族”的意思，它的复数形式为peoples.two people两个人 fifty-six peoples 五十六个民族fish 指鱼的“条数”时，其复数形式仍为“fish”，作为“鱼的种类”讲时，其复数形式为“fishes”，指餐桌上的“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。Two fish 两条鱼 two different fishes 两种不同的鱼Help yourself to some fish. 不可数名词：不可数名词没有复数形式。一、常见的不可数名词： air 空气 chalk 粉笔 ha
13、ir 头发 meat 肉 money 金钱orange橙汁rice 大米silk 丝绸water 水wood 木头fire 火beef 牛肉coal 煤food 食物health 健康 metal 金属 music 音乐paper 纸salt 盐snow 雪weather 天气 wool 羊毛 ink 墨水 bread 面包 coffee 咖啡 fruit水果 ice 冰milk 牛奶noise 噪声pork 猪肉sand 沙子time 时间wind 风work工作advice 建议blood 血液news新闻fun 乐趣二、可转化为可数名词的物质名词1. 有些物质名词在表达不同意义时可转化为
14、可数名词。wind 风- a wind 一阵风rain 雨 - a rain 一场雨snow 雪- a snow 一场雪tea 茶- a tea 一杯茶beer 啤酒- a beer 一杯啤酒coffee咖啡- a coffee 一杯咖啡glass 玻璃- a glass 一个玻璃杯 2. 有些物质名词的复数形式表达特殊含义。rains 大量的雨水，多场雨 woods 森林winds 阵风，多场风 times 时代 waters 水域 sands 沙滩；沙丘seas 海域glasses 眼镜papers 试卷；论文；报纸三、可转化为可数名词的抽象名词：抽象名词一般视为不可数名词，但表示具体事物
15、时，可用作可数名词，可被a/an修饰，也可有复数形式，表示“某种人或物”。beauty 美人或美丽的事物danger 令人感到危险的人或事success 成功的人或事surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事failure 失败的人或事 名词的格：分为主格，宾格和所有格。名词主格和宾格相同，一般都是名词本身。 名词所有格是表示所属关系的一种形式，有-s 所有格，of所有格和双重所有格三种。 -s所有格的构成1. 一般情况下，在名词词尾加-s. Dicks hobby. 迪克的爱好。2. 若名词已有以-s或-es结尾的复数词尾，直接在其后加撇号-. My parent
16、s hope. 我父母的希望。 3. 不以-s结尾的名词复数，直接在其后加-s. Childrens time 孩子的时间。 -s 所有格的用法1. -s所有格大多表示有生命的名词的所有关系。Lucys bag Marys family 2. 表示两人或多人共有时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾；如果为各自所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。John and Susans father. Japans and Americas problems.3. 不定代词，疑问代词或疑问副词后有时带else,表示“另外的，其他的”，其所有格形式在else后变化，用elses.The e-dictionary is n
17、ot mine. Its someone elses. of 所有格1. 用于无生命的事物 Beijing is the capital of China.2. 用于名词化的词 The life of the poor is the biggest problem in this country. 双重所有格-s所有格和of 所有格结合在一起表示的所有关系叫作双重所有格，表示整体中的一个或一部分。两种形式：a. 名词+of+-s所有格 b. 名词+of+名词性物主代词 a cousin of my fathers several friends of mine 练习：He is a frien
18、d of my _(brother ) . Is she a daughter of _(you)?教学练习一将下列名词变成复数形式。1. hero _ 2. piano _ 3. family _4. knife _ 5. bus _ 6. photo_7. potato _ 8. sheep _ 9. tooth_ 10. policeman _ 11. child _ 12. postman _13. watch _ 14.house _ 15.mouse_二请归类可数名词和不可数名词，将该单词的编号写在相应的位置上。A.book B.milk C.rice D.bun E.soup F
19、.waterG.tea H.hamburger I.bread J.money K.paper L.deskM.toy N.baby O.season P.egg Q.coffee R.computer S.tree T.meat U.pork V.tooth W.room X.pen Y.beef Z.chair 1.可数_ 2.不可数 _三选择填空。1. They come from different _.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys2.How many _ do you see in the picture ?A.tomato
20、s B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato3. Id like a _ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health.A potato B banana C candy D pie 4. She was very happy. She_in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake5. _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/us
21、ed B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using6. remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave7. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories 8. When we saw his face, we knew_ was bad.A. some news B. a news C. the news P. news9. He i
22、s hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads10. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day.A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies11. September 10th is_in China.?A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day? ?C. Teacher Day? ?D. Teachers
23、Day12.-Is the broom under _ desk? -No, its under_.?A. the teachers; my B. teachers; mine C. teachers; me D. the teachers; mine13. Excuse me, where is the_?A. mens room ?B. mens room? ?C. mens rooms D. men rooms14. The football under the bed is_。A. Lily and Lucy ?B. Lilys and Lucys? C. Lilys and Lucy
24、 ?D. Lily and Lucys15. This is my _ dictionary.?A. sister Mary ?B. sisters? ?C. sister, Marys ?D. sisters Marys16. He went to _ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailor ?B. the tailor ?C. a tailors? ?D. the tailors17. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister?B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister ?D. Mar
25、ys and Jacks sister18. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. year ?B. years ?C. years ?D. years19. Its about _ walk from my house.A. ten minute ?B. ten minutes ?C. ten minutes ?D. ten minutes20. The post office is a bit far from here. Its about_.A. thirty minutess walk ?B. th
26、irty minutes walk ? C. thirty minutes walk? ?D. thirty minutes walk四、根据句意，用方框中所给的单词的适当形式填空，每词仅限用一次。tomato room mistake sheep hand knife excite gift true dentist 3. The audience clapped and shouted with _ when the performer appeared.4. Alice was so careless that she mad many _ in her homework.5. Tim,
27、 could you please tell me the _?6. This is Tom and Marys _.7. These chocolates are all made by _.8. In Britain, people not only use_ to cut things but also use them to have meals.9. Joanna received many _ when graduating from middle school.10. If theres something wrong with your teeth, youd better g
28、o to see a _.11. We need some yogurt, two _ and some honey to make the salad.12. Australia is famous for its _. 一写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday?_4. city?_ 5. dress _?6. Englishman _ 7. match _ 8. Chinese _?9. zoo _?10. exam_ 11. German _二单词拼写1. I have a lot of _(作业) to do every day. 2. His _(裤子) are new, but mine are old.3. It is the best one of the _ (照片) in my family.?4. Are they building any _ (图书馆) in the city?5. Can you cut this big pear into two _(半)? 6. At the end of _(八月), you must get ready for the new school year. 7. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v_.
