1、考研英语范文阅读十考研英语范文阅读（十） Much of the language used to describe moary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, kes itself sound like a precise scien . Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is un rtain. And there are
2、long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hen there is an ogy that likens the conduct of moary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given all these disadvantages, ntral bankers seem to have had muc
3、h to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which ny countries experien d in the 1970s and early 1980s
4、. It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Brit
5、ain and Japan inflation is running half a per ntage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favourabl
6、e inflation figures in Britain and the United States, sin conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fa
7、llen below most esti tes of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off on the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upen
8、ded the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 67. From the passage we learn that . （A）there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates （B）economy will always follow rtain models （C）the economic situation is better than expecte
9、d （D）economists had foreseen the present economic situation 68. Aording to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? （A）Making moary policies is parable to driving a car. （B）An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation. （C）A high unemployment rate will result from inflation. （D）Interest r
10、ates have an immediate effect on the economy. 69. The senten This is no flash in the pan (line 5, paragraph 3) means that . （A）the low inflation rate will last for some time （B）the inflation rate will soon rise （C）the inflation will disappear quickly （D）there is no inflation at present 70. The passa
11、ge shows that the author is the present situation. （A）critical of （B）puzzled by （C）disappointed at （D）a zed at 答案及试题解析 CBAD 67.（C）意为：经济形势比预想的好。 第三段指出，它（指：平均通货膨胀率）也比多数预测者预测的低。经济学家 每月调查的经济学家小组称：1995年美国平均通货膨胀率会达3.5左右，但是，8月份它实际降至2.6，全年也不过3左右；在英国和 ，平均通货膨胀率比上年底预测的低0.5个百分点（或：半个百分点）。而且，在过去几年里一直是如此（this is n
12、o flash in the pan）：在英美两国，平均通货膨胀率一直比预测的要低。 A意为：通货膨胀与利率有直接关系。第一段第二句明确指出：利率与通货膨胀间的关系是不确定的。 B意为：经济（的运行）总是遵循某些模式（或：规律）。第一段指出，使经济软着陆使经济刹车，人们经常使用这样的词来形容货币政策的作用，听起来它似乎是一门严谨的学问。事实远非如此（Nothing could be further from the truth.它根本就不是一门严谨精确的学问）。下文从持续低的通货膨胀率的意外的形势来说明了经济运行难以预测。 D意为：经济学家们预测到了目前的经济形势。相反，正如第四段第一句所指出
13、的，经济学家对目前有利的通货膨胀率始料未及。另请参阅上文分析。 68.（B）意为：极低的失业率会导向通货膨胀。 第四段指出，从传统的（衡量）标准来看，英美两国（特别是美国）的经济生产并没有滑坡（productive slack），例如：美国的设备（能力）利用率（capacity utilisation）今年初到达历史最高水平，其失业率已低于多数正常失业率所允许的数字-过去认为：失业率低于正常失业率时通货膨胀率就开始上升（take off）。 A意为：制定货币政策如同开车。根据第一段第四、五句，在政策的变化对经济起实际作用之前，会有很长而难以确定的（variable）时间差（lag意为：滞后性）
14、。所以，许多人把货币政策实施过程比作驾驶一辆遮住挡风玻璃、后视镜已断裂、方向盘有毛病的汽车。换言之，他们认为，货币政策的制定和实施有很大程度的不可预测性或盲目性。可见，A表达的意思不确切。 C意为：通货膨胀导致高失业率。注意，在这里，inflation一词前没有修饰词，际上，过低的失业率会导致通货膨胀率的上升。参阅上文分析。 D意为：利率对经济有直接而迅速的影响。参阅上文分析。 69.（A）a flash in the pan意为：昙花一现，偶然出现的情况。 参阅第67题题解。 （B）、（C）、（D）均不对。 70.（D）意为：对感到惊奇，认为 。 本文主要评述了目前良好的经济形势，它是由持续
15、低的通货膨胀率造成的，是始料未及的。 强调了目前形势的始料不及的一面（尤其是第二、三、四段的描述）。 A意为：批评。 B意为：因感到困惑（不解）。 C意为：对感到失望。 翻译句子 1、This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America. 参考译文这不是在很长时间里仅有的一次短暂成功；在过去的几年里，英国和美国的通货膨胀率始终低于预期水平。 结构剖析这是一个并列句，前后用分号隔开两
16、个子句，是递进关系。第一句话中，no 可以用 not a 代替。后面一个句子中 inflation 是主语，使用了被动语态的现在完成时态。lower 是表语, than expected 和 in Britain and America, 以及前面的 over the past couple of years 都是介词短语作状语。 阅读重点首先应该注意到那个分号，可以把分号前后分别作为一个简单句单独对待。另外在后面一个句子中，应该抓住 inflation has been lower 这个根本结构（被动语态，现在完成时态）。flash in the pan 是习语，意思是 a sudden s
17、uess that will not be repeated, 接近汉语中的昙花一现。 2、The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. 参考译文很不幸，
18、这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为根底的旧的经济模式。 结构剖析在第一个句子里面，主干是 explanation is a little defective. 这是一个主语+系动词+表语结构。副词 unfortunately 是插入语，作状语。第二个句子的主干并不复杂： economists argue that，代词 that 后面是宾语从句。这个宾语从句的根本结构为 structural changes have upended models，其中 structural changes是主语，have up
19、ended 是现在完成时态的谓语，models 是宾语。这个宾语 models 后面是一个 that 引导的限定性定语从句，修饰 models. 阅读重点第一个句子相比照较简单。第二个句子看着很长，但是只要明确了句子的主干，就很容易把整个句子看明白。可以先甩掉宾语从句中的那个定语从句（that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation），这样这个句子结构就显得简单多了。然后再接这个定语从句，整句的意思就浮出水面了。另外注意 upend 一词由动词短语end up衍生而来，意为结束， 。 补充难句翻译 1、M
20、uch of the language used to describe moary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes， kes it sound like a precise scien . Nothing could be further from the truth. 参考译文有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如轻踩刹车以操纵经济软着陆，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。 结构剖析在第一个句子中，其主干为 Much of the l
21、anguage, kes it sound like。used to describe moary policy 是用于修饰 language 的定语，后面的 such as steering the economy to a soft landing of a touch on the brakes 是对前面的 language 进行进一步说明。第二个句子是一个简单句。 阅读重点如上所述的句子主干被确定之后，句子就不难理解了。为了简化这个句子以便于理解，可以先把 such as 引导的局部忽略不看，那样整个句子就比较好掌握了。注意 ke it sound like a precise sci
22、en 当中 it 指代前面提到的 moary policy. 2、Hen the ogy that likens the conduct of moary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty steering wheel. 参考译文因此这样的类比（就如同）把执行货币政策比作驾驶着一辆涂黑了挡风玻璃，打碎了后视镜，并且方向盘无 常工作的汽车。 结构剖析这句话承接前面陈述的原因。hen 后面只是一个名词词组，中心词是 the ogy，后面 that 引
23、导定语从句修饰前面的 ogy with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rearview and a faulty steering wheel是介词词组修饰前面的名词 car.注意此句没有谓语动词，只是一个名词性的短语。 阅读重点理解这句话的关键在于 hen 的用法。hen 的意思是 for this reason，因此，所以，主要用于书面语，是副词，可以连接一个完整的句子，也可以只跟一个名词。例如：Baby found a pot of paint， hen all the rks on the wall. 另外 liken A to B 意思是把 A
24、与 B 相比，把 A 比作 B。 3、Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, sin conentional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas, have little productive slack. 参考译文经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生
25、产萧条的时候。 结构剖析这是一个主从复合句，连词 sin 连接了两句子。主句的主干是 Economists have been surprised by。原因状语从句的主干是 conventional measures suggest that，代词 that 引导了宾语从句作为 suggest 的宾语。在这个宾语从句中，and especially Americas 相当于 especially Americas economy，是前面主语 both economies 的同位语，用于强调美国经济。 阅读重点这里应该首先注意到 sin 这个连词，然后分别理解两个句子，再把它们放在一起，这个句
26、子的意思就迎刃而解了。另外注意 suggest 不是建议的意思，而应该是显示，指示。 语言点详解 1. moary 货币的 大纲词汇 moary a.金融的，货币的 经典例句 The new moary policy will help revitalize the economy. 2. steering sth to 引导 大纲词汇 steer v.驾驶，掌握 经典例句 The re ptionist steered her to the meeting room. 3. soft landing 软着陆 4. a touch on the brakes 踩刹车 大纲词汇 brake n.
27、/v制动（器），刹车，闸 5. precise 精确的 大纲词汇 precise a.精确的，准确的 经典例句 He finished the task by following his precise instructions. 6. be further from the truth 离真理更远了 大纲词汇 further ad./a.更远（的），更往前（的）；进一步（的）further from（far from）的比较级，表示离更远 经典例句If you follow this direction，you will be further from your destination. 7
28、. long, variable lags ，多变的滞后状况 大纲词汇lag n./. （于），滞后（于）variable a.易变的；可变的，变量的；n.变量 8. ogy 类比 大纲词汇 ogy n 比较，类比 og/ ogue n. 类似物；模拟 经典例句I see no ogy between your problems and mine. 9. liken 把比作 扩充词汇 liken v.把比作（to） 经典例句 He likens the archeologist to detective searching for ancient clues. 10. conduct 管理方式
29、 大纲词汇 conduct n.行为，品行，举动v.引导，带着；处理，管理；指挥（乐队）；传导，传（热，电等） 经典例句His conduct of the business was very suessful. 11. windscreen （汽车上的）挡风玻璃 12. rearview （车辆上的）后视镜 13. faulty 有毛病的 大纲词汇 faulty a. 有缺点的，有错误的 fault n.过失，过错；缺点，毛病 经典例句The aident was owing to the faulty design of the car. 14. steering wheel（汽车上的）方
30、向盘 15. boast about夸耀 大纲词汇 boast v.（of，about）自夸，夸耀；n.自夸，大话 经典例句 He boasted to us about the new car he purchased lately. 16. of late 最近以来 扩充词汇of late最近以来 经典例句He looked very tired of late 17. inflation 通货膨胀 大纲词汇 inflation n. 通货膨胀 经典例句 New policies were de to curb inflation. 18. double-digit 两位数 19. for
31、ecaster 预测者 大纲词汇 forecast v./n. 预测，预报 衍生词汇 forecaster n. 天气预报员；（经济形式的预测者） 经典例句 He works as a business forecaster. 20. predict 预测 大纲词汇 predict v.预测，预言，预告 经典例句It did snow in the afternoon as he predicted. 21.panel 专门小组 大纲词汇 panel n.面，板；控制板，仪表盘；专门小组 经典例句 The panel of experts decided to meet on Monday.
32、22. poll 测验 大纲词汇 poll n. 测验；（pl.） 选举，大选；v.对一进行 测验；获得选票 经典例句 The Republican candidate won a bigger rgin in the latest poll. 23. There is no flash in the pan. 情况并未发生逆转。 扩充词汇 flash来回的转换；pan平底锅 24. favourable 有利的 大纲词汇 favourable/ favorable a.赞许的，有利的，顺利的 词汇比较 favorite/favourite a.最喜欢的，中意的注意；两词同是 favor 的衍生词汇，但意思不同，注意区别。 经典例句 The situation will develop in the direction favorable to his rivals. 25. productive slack 生产萧条 大纲词汇 slack a.懈怠的，懒散的，松弛的，不紧的；萧条的；n.淡季，萧
