版高考英语江浙版一轮讲义专题十七概要写作Word版含答案 1.docx

1、版高考英语江浙版一轮讲义专题十七概要写作Word版含答案 1专题十七概要写作【考纲解读】考点内容考查方式20162017年浙江高考概要写作考次统计2017.112017.62016.10概要写作1.对原文主旨及要点的理解和呈现情况2.概括要点时应用语法结构和词汇的准确性3.概要文章上下文的连贯性4.对各要点表达的独立性情况提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要分析解读概要写作也是一种全新的题型。根据高考综合改革试验区英语科考试说明,写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作。两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。近三次的考试中均没有采用概要写作,因此,今后出现概要写作的机

2、会将大大增加。概要写作是综合性的写作考查。要求考生首先对原文章有准确的理解,对原文的结构和要点有准确的把握,然后再用准确、丰富的语言以及高级的语法结构,用合适的连词写出包含所有要点的短文。所以,考生要想做好本题,就必须注意以下几点:(1)准确理解文章。(2)把握文章的各个要点。(3)使用准确的语法结构、丰富的词汇和合适的连词。(4)使用自己的语言表述,不要抄原文中的句子。【命题探究】(考试说明样题)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnot

3、hingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.Sodidthe

4、kingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasn

5、olongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesnee

6、dtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?命题解读1.概要写作的命题选材以说明文和议论文为主。考试说明所给的样题即是一篇科普知识类的文章。2.文章结构清楚,文字比较书面化,句子结构较复杂。文章约300词。难度较大,其难度高于阅读理解的文章。文章第一段就点出主题,即人们对污物的态度并不一致。第二段讲述在16世纪初的时候,人们认为皮肤上的污垢对健康有好处,为此人们连澡都不洗。第三段讲从18世纪开始,科学证明清除身体上的污垢对健康有好处。最后一段讲一个免疫学家鼓

7、励孩子们在尘土中玩耍以增强免疫系统。文章共有4段,各段的主旨非常清楚。这样的文章,概括出要点还是很容易的。考试说明所给的范文正是从这几个方面进行概括的。3.文章的段落一般不会有明确的主题句,需要考生去归纳。思路点拨1.读懂原文是关键。在写概要之前,一定要对文章认真阅读,确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构、各段的段意。在阅读文章的时候,要善于发现核心词和高频词。这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingd

8、irt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatter(后者)positionisgainingsomeground.考试说明范文Peoplehavemixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.(要点1)Foralongtimeinhistory,peopleofsomeE

9、uropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.(要点2)However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.(要点3)However,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.(要点4)2.以自然段为概括的基

10、础。以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗漏信息,也能帮助判断主要信息。当然,以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点。有时几个自然段说明一个要点。有时也有一个自然段包含数个要点。3.细节信息不需要过于详细。细节性的信息如列举数字,举例,过渡句等信息不必一一列出。4.核心词不必替换。核心词是文章的心脏,一般不宜换成其他词。5.使用正确的时态。概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文,因此一般的概括都要用一般时或完成时,或将来时。慎用过去时。6.写作时句式的多样化。概要写作书面化程度比较高,因此可以酌情选择使用从句、非谓语等结构,但句子结构不可过长,也不要使用太过复杂的句子结构。7.扩充词汇量。尤

11、其要注意积累同根词的不同形式。用不同词性的同根词替代原词是概要写作的重要手段。8.使用多种句式转换。如:主动被动的互换,反向转换(主语和宾语互换),从句和非谓语动词的转换等。【三年模拟】模拟题组Writing1(2018宁波十校一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Atypicalliontamer(驯兽师)inpeople􀆳smindisanentertainerholdingawhip(鞭子)andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention,butit􀆳smostlyforshow.Inreality,it

12、􀆳sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion􀆳sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattacki

13、ngthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichop

14、tionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan􀆳tfocusorthatwe􀆳refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.Itdoesn􀆳thavetobethatway.Any

15、timeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface,rememberthis:Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo,somethingyouwanttoaccomplish,someoneyouwanttobecome.takeimmediateaction.Ifyou􀆳reclearabou

16、twhereyouwanttogo,therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.答案【写作提示】1.本文是一篇议论文,如果有太多的目标,我们就会迷茫,反而不知所措。因此,正确的做法是集中注意力于我们真正的目标。2.文章四段,每段一个要点。这是概要写作的一般原则。3.文章第一段比较难懂。一定要认真阅读。【参考范文】Whatreallymattersinaliontamingisthechair,whichconfusesthelionbythefourlegs.(要点1)Sodopeopleinthefaceoftooma

17、nyoptions.(要点2)Wearealwayspreventedfrommakingprogressbecausewecan􀆳tmakesoundchoicesbeforetheconflictinginformation.(要点3)Soifyouwanttobesuccessful,focusononethingandgetstartedquickly.(要点4)Writing2(2018绍兴考前适应性联考)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。China􀆳sbike-sharinghasexplodedfromnothingabout

18、ayearagointoatransportphenomenoninmajorcities.JustbyscanningtheQRcode(二维码)thatappearsbehindtheseat,onecanunlockasharedbicycle.Oncetheservicehasfinished,theuserblocksthebikeandthetotalischargedtohismobileaccount.Theprocesslastslessthan30secondsandcostsnomorethanonepenny.Bytheway,therearestillnofixedp

19、lacestofindorleaveabike,althoughareassuchasuniversitycampus,andmetroorbusstationarepreferred.Manyyoungpeoplebelievesharedbicycleshavemanyadvantages.Theyarenotexpensivetorent,theydonothavetobeprotectedfromthieves,andthereisnoneedtorepairthem.Youjusthavetochangethemforanotherone.Theyarealsoenvironment

20、friendlyandlowertheuseofcars,whichalsohelpstorelievetraffic.Infact,itisconsideredanawesomecombinationoftechnologyandtradition.Sincetheyappeared,sharedbicycleshaveraisedalotofdust.Thereisnodoubtaboutthebenefitsbutthedisadvantagescannotbeignored.Manyproblemsrelatedtosharedbicycleshaveemerged.Itisnoton

21、lyduetobadbehaviorfromsomeuserswhoalwayswanttoseizethebicycles,butalsobecauseofthemessthathasbeencreatedsinceonecanleavethebicycleanywhere,whichisagainstpublicurbanordermanagement.Therearesomanypoorlyparkedbikesthatsometimestheyendupblockingstreets.InXiLuoyuan,Beijing,the“CivilizedUseofBicycles”camp

22、aignhasbeenlaunched.Inadditiontohaving40officiallypermittedstops,therearealsoclearsignalstoleaduserstothesestops.Ateamofsupervisorskeeporderinthearea.Thisisthefirstareathatispartofanofficialsystemtomanagebicycles.ThepurposeofthiscampaignistosolvethemessthatthepopularityofsharedbicyclesiscausinginBei

23、jing,bothwiththeparticipationofcompaniesandtheusers.IfthepilotplanworksoutwellinXiLuoyuan,itwillbeextendedtoallofthecitiesinChina.答案【写作提示】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了共享自行车的优劣,并提供了北京解决共享自行车的措施,希望能提供一些有益的经验。文章结构清楚。以自然段为基础概括要点。【参考范文】China􀆳ssharedbicyclesaregainingpopularitywiththepublicasacheapandconvenient

24、transportoption.(要点1)Theadvantagesofitalsoincludeprovidingpeopleanenvironmentfriendlylifebyrelievingtrafficandreducingpollution.(要点2)However,thebadbehaviorofsomeusersandthemesstheycausealsoleadtosomeproblems.(要点3)Beijinghaslaunchedacampaigntoregulatebike-parking,whichwillhopefullysetagoodexampletoth

25、erestofChina.(要点4)Writing3(2018宁波选考联盟12校考前模拟)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Advertisingplaysamajorroleinthecompetitivebusinessworld.Manyindustriestakeadvantageofthepowerofadvertisingtoattractortowincustomersawayfromtheirbusinesscompetitors.Theinfluenceofadvertisingissohugethatitcausesmanypeopletobuything

26、sthattheydon􀆳twantatthestart.Advertisingencouragespeopletobuythingstheydon􀆳twantthroughmisleadingideas.Advertisingisproventobeasuccessfultooltostressthefeaturesoftheirproducttothepubliceventhoughit􀆳sregardedundesirablesuchascigarettes,drugs,alcoholandsoon.Forexample,Dunhil

27、l,acigarettecompanywhichsponsorsmanyfootballteams,seemstobepromotingcigarettestothepublic.Withoutthesponsorship,thecompanywillbelessknowntothepublic,resultinginfewersalesofcigarettes.Besidesthat,advertisinghasalargeinfluenceonthedecisionsmadebythepeopleintheireverydaylife.Manybusinessesuseadvertisin

28、gasaformofpromotingtocreateawarenessabouttheirproductinthemarket.Forinstance,inafastfoodindustry,theintroductionofanewflavorofburgerneedsadvertisingtoreachthepublicwhiletheotherburgersrequireadvertisingtoincreasesales.Children,especially,areeasilyinfluencedbyadvertisementsandwillhavethedesiretodinea

29、tfastfoodrestaurantsafterthat.Althoughfastfoodisbadforhealth,ithassuccessfullybecomeappealingtothepublicthroughadvertising.However,advertisingplaysapartinhelpingcustomerstocompareaproductintermsofprice,quality,reliabilityandsoon.Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthines

30、sofaproduct.Forexample,advertisementspublishedbyvariouscompanieshavegiventhecustomerstheopportunitytochoosewiselywhenpurchasinganitem.Withoutthepowerofadvertising,customerswillbestucktoabrandwhichmaynotofferthebestchoice.答案【写作提示】本文论述了广告在我们生活中的优点和不足。以段落概括要点,注意抓住要点,一些细节的举例可以省略。【参考范文】Advertisingcontrib

31、utesalottoacompanyinthecompetitivebusinessworld.(要点1)Itpersuadespeopleintobuyingthingstheydon􀆳treallyneedwiththemethodofoverstressingthefeaturesoftheirproducts.(要点2)Byraisingtheawarenessoftheproducts,ithasremarkableeffectsonpeople􀆳sdecisions.(要点3)Nevertheless,itprovidespeoplewithne

32、cessaryinformationabouttheproducts,allowingpeopletocomparethemandmakeabetterchoice.(要点4)Writing4(2018台州一模)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldbemakingthemostofitinourlivestoday.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapists(治疗师)forinfluencingmoodandstateofmind,andforvarioustypesofmedicaltreatmentswhenweareill.Somepeopleevenbelievethattheblindcanbenefitfromthe“vibrations(震动)”thatcolorgivesoff.Companiesusecolortoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseenascreativeandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethem