1、七年级下册仁爱英语语法七年级下册仁爱英语语法一，there be1. there be句型（一） (1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物某人+地点时间（介词短语），意为“某处某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定有两种句式： There is+单数名词不可数名词+介词短语：如： There is a computer in the study 书房里有一台电脑。 There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水。 There are+名词复数形式+介词短语。如： There are some flower
2、s in the garden 花园里有一些花。 be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。 There is a chair and two desks in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。 There are two desks and a chair in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。 (2)there be结构的否定句： there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如： There is an apple on the plate盘子
3、里有一个苹果。 There isnt an apple on the plate盘子里没有苹果。(3)there be结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答： there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes，there is/are. 否定回答：No，there isnt/arent . -Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？ -Yes.there are./No,there arent 是的，有。不，没有。 -Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑
4、吗？ -Yes,there is，/No，there isnt 是的，有。不，没有。2. there be句型（二）(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用whats+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如： There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。 Whats in the room? 房间里面有什么？ There are many students in the class room（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。 Whats in the classroom教室里面有什么？(2
5、)针对there be结构中名词的数量提同，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如： Theres a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。 How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？ Therere some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。 How much meet is there in the bowl. ?在碗里有多少肉? 3. there be句型（三）there be与have(has)的用法区别：there be句型表示“某处某时
6、有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。I have a new bike我有一辆新自行车：The cat has two black ears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里面有很多花。There is a computer in Kangkangs room.= Kangkang has a computer in his room.在康康房间里有一台电脑。 二，时态1.现在进行时现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作
7、 ，常与now, at the moment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：Mary is having lunch with her parents now 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。动词的现在分词的构成规则： 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有
8、一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如：Sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping 2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态常和yesterday, last night/year, two days/weeks ago, just now. a moment ago，in 1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： I was a student two years ago两年前我是一个学生。 He sang an English song yesterday昨天他唱了一首英文歌. Did he perf
9、orm Chinese kung fu at the party? 他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？ He was ill yesterday. So he didnt come to school. 昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。(2)动词过去式的构成如下： 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如： look-looked, play-played 以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如： live-lived 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如： plan-planned, stop-stopped 末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i，再加-ed。如： s
10、tudy-studied 不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。三情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（can表猜测，可能cant用于否定猜测）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.
11、must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（表肯定推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt /dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShou
12、lddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No, wont.wouldwouldnot/wouldnt do II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He mus
13、t be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was
14、 so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。 情态动词练习1. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _. A. Could .could
15、nt B. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.cant2. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get3. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink. A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can4. _ to have lunch with us today? A. Do you l
16、ikes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked5. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might6. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 7. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some ca
17、kes. A. may B. might C. can D. could8. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to10. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A.
18、 must B. need C. should D. can答案：110：DCBBD BBBDC 四 数词(1)数词有两种： 表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限定词时不加the。如： There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。 The first day of a week is Sunday星期天是每周的第一天， Mr. Wang is my first old teacher王老师是
19、我的启蒙老师 (2)基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th（fourth）；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd( first，second，third)；八去t来九去e（eighth，ninth），f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以（twenty-first），若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth -同来(thirtieth)。(3)序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如： first-lst second-2nd fourth-4th twenty-first-21st 语法专项习题-数词1( ) 1 The
20、re are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five( ) 2 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred
21、 forty-six2( ) 1 _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( ) 2 There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 3 Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. m
22、illion of people( ) 4 _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of( ) 5 Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star3( ) 1 My brother is in_.A. Three C
23、lass, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one( ) 2 We are going to learn_ this term.A. book six B. six book C. the book six D. Book Six( ) 3 Please turn to_. Lets read the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second4( ) 1 We ca
24、n say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. seventy eight thousand six hundred and forty-five( ) 2 The year 1999 should be read Th
25、e year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine5( ) 1 He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till tenth( ) 2 Every day he begins to do his homework _.A. at ten past seven B.
26、 at seven pass tenC. on ten past seventh D. until ten( ) 3 He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning6( ) 1 He began to work there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fiftyC. when he fifty D. in his fifti
27、es( ) 2 They moved to Beij ing _A. in 1980s B. in the 1980 C. in the 1980s D. on the 1980s( ) 3 We all like the boy.A. of ten years old B. ten-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten( ) 4 She was _ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D: in7( ) 1 There are_ months in a year. De
28、cember is the_month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth( ) 2 During_ century, the world population has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentieth / D. the twenty( ) 3 Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. seco
29、nd D. third( ) 4 Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. the threeth( ) 5 Tom was to get to school and I was _.A. first; ninth C. the first; the ninthB. a first; a ninth D. the second; the nineth 8( ) 1 -Whats the date today?-Its_.A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June
30、 4th( ) 2 Jenny was bornA. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 10( ) 3 Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday9( ) 1 About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth( ) 2 _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two t
