1、Day 8 阅读理解8说明文Day 8阅读理解(8)(说明文)Passage 1文体：说明文 词数：368 限时：7分钟Sixteen-year-old Karlos Dearmans future is looking much brighter than he might previously have imagined. “I love bikes, but Ive never thought Id end up with working with them，” he says. “This program has changed my life.”Karlos is learning
2、to refurbish(翻新) old bicycles in the workshop(车间) of ReCycle Bikes, an independent non-profit bike project in Sheffield. It provides training chances for young people aged 14 to 16 with the help of the local government, particularly those struggling in mainstream education or rejected from school. “
3、Its about engaging young people with education and youth training by teaching them work and life skills，” explains Des Pearce, workshop training manager. “These young people have so much potential, but often dont realize it.”Founded in 2001, ReCycle Bikes repairs bicycles donated by the public, whic
4、h are sold for 20 after refurbished. Abandoned bikes supplied by the government make sure a steady flow of bikes, but a recently formed partnership with Sheffield University should improve the further development.“The student population presents a large and ready market，” says Pearce. “So we approac
5、hed the university last year and offered to host bike sales on the campus(校园). They thought it was a great idea, and agreed to provide us with more support. This means we can train young people to repair extra 500 bikes over three years.”Having set up ReCycle Bikes on his own, Pearce now has the sta
6、ff and resources to track the profession development of those who have passed through his workshop. “But we are planning exit interviews with the young people to make sure what they plan to do, and these will allow us to check on their progress，” says Pearce. That most of the teenagers enjoy the wor
7、k is, according to Pearce, easily explained. “Most kids have ridden a bike and know how to oil a chain or mend a flat tyre. As low-cost transport, cycling gives the young and old a sense of freedom and independence, and the effect on their well-being is big. Add that to a growing concern for the env
8、ironment, and its no surprise that bike sales are on the increase.”1.From the passage, we know ReCycle Bikes _. A.is a popular brand of bikesB.provides training chances for young peopleC.is a training project offered by the governmentD.aims at making money by selling refurbished bicycles2.How did Re
9、Cycle Bikes run at the beginning?A.By working together with Sheffield University. B.By selling bicycles supplied by the government. C.By getting money from teenagers aged between 14 and 16. D.By repairing bicycles donated by the public and selling them. 3.ReCycle Bikes has formed a partnership with
10、Sheffield University because _. A.students at Sheffield University can be their potential customersB.Sheffield University donates a lot of money to ReCycle BikesC.teenagers at ReCycle Bikes can study at Sheffield UniversityD.Sheffield University offers to host bike sales on the campus4.According to
11、Pearce, why do most of the teenagers enjoy the work?A.Theyd like to change their lives. B.They want to learn how to repair bikes. C.They dont have enough money to buy cars. D.They are familiar with bikes and interested in them. Passage 2文体：说明文 词数：332 限时：7分钟As the saying goes, man struggles upward； w
12、ater flows downward. Water runs downhill from mountaintops to streams, rivers, and oceans. But it isnt the only way that water moves. A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption. This flow isnt the type we usually think about. These scientists looked at the w
13、ater used to grow and make the products which get shipped from nation to nation as imports or exports. They call this a flow of “virtual water(虚拟水)”. We typically think about water as the liquid that flows from a tap. However, 92of the water used by people goes into growing crops, according to water
14、 researcher Arjen Hoekstra. He recently studied the hidden travels of virtual water used in products made from things like crops and meats. These products are shipped around the world. For example, consider a sugary soft drink. Hoekstra estimated that to produce one half-liter of the drink requires
15、between 170 and 310 liters of the waterabout 95 is used to grow and process the ingredients(原料). Another 4goes into the packaging and labeling. In Hoekstras calculation, when one country produces a half-liter of soda and sells it abroad, the virtual water it exports would fill a large refrigerator.
16、According to Hoekstras new report, dry countries like Israel and Kuwait, both in the Middle East, get the majority of their virtual water from other countries, through imported products. More surprisingly, some wetter countries, like the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, also get the majority of t
17、heir virtual water from other places. That means that most of the water used to grow or produce the products and food consumed in those countries came from other countries. In the United States most of the virtual water used comes from American sources. In China even less of the water is associated
18、with its products. 1.The example of a sugary soft drink in Paragraph 3 is given to show _. A.how drinks are shippedB.how virtual water is exportedC.how virtual water is usedD.how drinks are made2.In which countries does most part of virtual water come from outside?A.Kuwait and the Netherlands. B.Chi
19、na and the United Kingdom. C.America and the Netherlands. D.Israel and America. 3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Crops and Virtual WaterB.Waters Worldwide TravelsC.Benefits of Virtual WaterD.Import and Export of Water4.The passage is most probably from a _. A.science news reportB.science f
20、iction storyC.newspaper advertisementD.book reviewPassage 3文体：说明文 词数：356 限时：7分钟Cooking programs and classes for children seem to positively influence childrens food preferences and behaviors, according to a recent review. And, although the review didnt look at long-term effects of such programs, the
21、 findings suggest that such programs might help children develop long-lasting healthy habits. This research comes at a time when childhood obesity(肥胖) rates have been rising rapidly. More than one-third of adolescents in the United States were obese in 2012, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease
22、 Control and Prevention(CDC). This trend has been caused, at least in part, by a significant decrease in the amount of meals that people consume at home since the 1980s, according to background information in the study. Cooking education programs, such as Food Explorers, teach children about new hea
23、lthy foods and how to prepare them. They also stress the importance of eating five fruits and vegetables every day. A volunteer parent explains a new food to the group, and the kids make something based on the lesson, such as fruit or vegetable salad. Depending on the program, kids may be sent home
24、with information about healthy foods to bring to their parents, the review explained. The study team reviewed eight other studies that tested different types of cooking education programs. Children in these classes were between 5 and 12 years old, according to the review. The goal of the study team
25、was to learn more about developing an efficient program to encourage healthy food choices that last a lifetime. The study found that it is particularly important to expose kids to healthy foods on a number of occasions. This makes them feel comfortable with the new foods, which helps them build heal
26、thy habits. The study stressed the importance of getting parents involved in their childrens eating habits. Parents who are unable to enroll their kids in a cooking class can achieve similar benefits by having their kids help them while they prepare meals at home. Children are more comfortable at ho
27、me, which makes them more receptive to new foods because they will make the connection to a positive experience. 1.What can we infer from the second paragraph?A.Eating out frequently causes obesity. B.Childhood obesity is totally caused by eating habit. C.Childhood obesity rates have been rising rap
28、idly since 2012D.Food consumption has decreased significantly since the 1980s. 2.On cooking education programs, _. A.children learn how to prepare foods from their parentsB.children will learn how to cook in the company of their parentsC.children may learn information unknown to their parentsD.child
29、ren focus more on cooking skills than on information about healthy foods3.Which of the following categories does this passage belong to?A.Education Systems. B.Science and Technology. C.Parent-child Relationship. D.Public Health Research. 4.The purpose of the passage is _. A.to inform the readerB.to
30、entertain the readerC.to discuss with the readerD.to warn the reader答 案 及 解 析Passage 1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 ReCycle Bikes 机构以及它给予青少年的帮助。1.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 It provides training chances for young people aged 14 to 16可知，ReCycle Bikes 为14到16岁的年轻人提供培训机会。故选B项。2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 Founded in 2001，ReCy
31、cle Bikes repairs bicycles donated by the public，which are sold for 20 after refurbished.可知，ReCycle Bikes 最初是通过修理公众捐赠的旧自行车，翻新后卖出获得运营经费的。故选D项。3.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中 The student population presents a large and ready market可知，大学生群体是一个很大的潜在消费市场。由此可推断 ReCycle Bikes 与谢菲尔德大学合作的目的是在校园出售价格优惠的自行车。故选A项。4.D 【解
32、析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，大部分孩子都骑过自行车，而且知道怎么给车链子上油以及怎么打气，且骑自行车可以给人独立自由的感觉。由此可推断青少年喜欢这份工作是因为他们熟悉自行车而且对自行车感兴趣。Passage 2【语篇导读】本文是一篇科学小品文。地球上除了自然界中存在的流动水之外，农作物、肉类、软饮料等所用的虚拟水也占据着“流转中的水”的较大部分。本文主要介绍了地球上的虚拟水及其在全世界的流通。1.C 【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段中结合含糖软饮料的实例，说明虚拟水是如何消耗用水的。2.A 【解析】细节理解题。从第四段的介绍可知，科威特、以色列、荷兰与英国的虚拟水大部分依靠从其他国家进口。3.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第四句 A new study measures how water travels from country to country for human consumption.及接下来的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了虚拟水，并列举实例介绍虚拟水在全世界的流通。故B项最能
