1、完整版研究生复试英语口语集锦研究生复试英语口语考试集锦08考研英语初试已经结束了一个多星期，但考研英语复习并未结束，幸运的考生还将考研复试中迎接听力复试的考验，万学海文考研辅导名师白洁建议考生利用复试准备的这段时间好好准备一下英语听力的训练。(一)音、义结合，突破语音关我国外语教学多年来对语言运用功能的重视不够，多围绕讲语法、练翻译进行，重视笔头，轻视听说，导致学生从初学外语开始就音、形、义分家，知其形、义，不知其发音的情况极为普遍。有的考生虽然有较大的词汇量、较清楚的语法结构概念，笔头能力达到了相当水平，但听力却停留在较低程度。他们有的人受地方音干扰发音不准，更多的人无法将语言的声音信息与其
2、所代表的符号和其表达的意义联系起来，结果只能通过视觉来辨认和接收学得的语言知识，而无法通过听觉进行，因而造成“聋子英语”、“哑巴英语”。因此，要具备较强的听力理解能力，首先必须知道某一信息的正确的语音形式，要大胆开口说出来，大声朗读出来，能正确说出来的就不会听不懂。在说的过程中，要注意读音的准确性，有意识纠正自己的错误发音。如果自己发音不准，听懂地道的录音材料便无从谈起。因此，认识听与说的关系，打好语音基础，复习中注意辨音、音的同化(包括连读、失爆、弱读等)、重音以及英美语音差异等语音现象，是突破听力理解的第一关。(二)摆正听、读顺序，培养良好的听音习惯在外语学习过程中，学习者多数情况下都是先
3、习得文字符号，从书面材料开始，通过视觉即阅读来接收、理解信息，即便是在输入音响信息时，脑子里也总是自觉不自觉地想着文字符号。这样久而久之就产生了对文字形式的依赖性，形成了本末倒置的不良听音习惯。考生在复习中切忌读后听音。先将听力材料读一遍，然后再听，表面上似乎听懂了，但实际上是读懂的，是靠脑子里储存的对阅读的记忆来理解音响信息的。照此下去，阅读非但不能帮助反而束缚和制约了听力的发展和提高。也切忌边听边读。听、读同时进行，似乎有助于听懂，但如果长期如此，会同样使听力陷入误区，即不能将大脑的思维活动集中在音响信息上，而是在听、读之间往返，听觉、视觉交替进行，导致精力分散，无法专心致志。因此笔者建议
4、：一定要先听，即使一下子听不懂，也不要忙于看文字材料，这时再听第二遍、第三遍，如果还是听不懂，再求助于文字材料，但此时至少所听内容的语音形式已在你脑子里留下了一定的印象，甚至还能重复出来，借助于阅读使你理解了这些语音信息，一旦同样信息在另一种场合再现时，便不再成为难点，这才能达到阅读促进听力的目的。(三)边听边记，训练短期记忆能力听力复试题大部分都是非常具体的细节，音响信息瞬间即逝，有时单凭大脑记忆是不够的，需要强化记忆的内容必须随时笔录下来，对此我们建议考生：(1)练习听写，平时听录音时就要有意识地将关键信息写下来，一方面训练信息接受的准确性；另一方面培养短期记忆、正确拼写单词的能力。练习听
5、写还能强制性地迫使自己全神贯注、积极思考。(2)学会用最简单、最省时、自己最熟悉的符号记录信息，只要自己能识别的，汉字、代码、符号什么都行。长单词可以暂记两三个字母，用箭头表示方位或发展方向等。总之，要有意识地训练自己的速记能力，借助于记录，使自己听得准，听得全，记住得多，回答得正确。(四)熟悉语义及语篇衔接词功能，把握信息走向在听音过程中，考生的思路要想跟上录音的意流，把握信息的走向，必须将注意力投放在识别某些信号词上，这对提高获取信息的效率起着至关重要的作用。所谓信号词，是指人们在交流过程中用来构架语句间、语段或语篇的脉络，以帮助他人理解或抓住说话人思路的逻辑关系衔接词。这些词按其功能分为
6、：表示列举、增补关系的信号词，如and、in addition to、one more thing等；表示转折或对比关系的信号词，如although、 by contrast、as a matter of fact等；表示顺序或序列关系的信号词，如first、before、first of all等；表示解释或强调关系的信号词，如that is、in particular、I mean等；表示因果关系的信号词，如as a result、therefore、since等；表示归纳、结论性关系的信号词，如as a result、altogether、finally等；表示各种语义衔接关系的常用词句
7、，如And now we will 、Id like to move o n to、now tell me等。掌握了上述信号词及其功能，考生就能意识到说话人先说什么、后说什么，什么时候转问题，即便是遇到生词或错过了一两句，也可以对上下文内容做出合乎逻辑的推测判断，保持思维的连贯性，更好地理解整个语段的内容。(五)增加文化背景知识，提高理解质量在听力复试中，考生有时觉得似乎听清了内容，却回答不出问题，这种理解上的障碍往往不是来自于语言本身，而是由于缺乏文化背景知识或知识面过窄，或不了解涉及某一领域常见词汇所造成的。因此，考生在备考时应广听、泛听，注意在阅读文章中汲取文化营养，注重背景知识的积累，
8、有意识扩大知识面，不断完善自己的知识结构。掌握了文化背景知识，理解起来自然就轻松多了。当然，背景知识只能帮助却不能代替对语言的掌握，如果没有听懂语言本身，而单纯凭背景知识进行猜测，也是不可取的。(六)培养良好的心理素质，临场超水平发挥良好的心理素质也是听力理解取胜必备的因素。听力是中国考生的弱项，很多人缺乏自信心，对听力存有恐惧心理，未听先怕，以至于使本来就相对紧张的状态更加紧张。因此，考生应认识到，考场不仅有知识的拼搏，更有心理素质的考验，作好心理准备是语言因素之外的必备临考条件。我们建议考生复试前尽量放松，避免精神过度紧张；听时全神贯注、沉着应变，万一遇到没有听懂或漏听的情况，应及时稳定情
9、绪，千万不要慌了手脚，或注意力长时间滞留，这时应遵循“丢卒保帅”的原则，及时转入后续内容。(七)选择合适的听力材料，精、泛结合，达到事半功倍的效果选择合适的听力训练材料，对于有效利用时间，少走弯路，在相对短的时间内提高听力水平也是一个重要因素。关于听力材料的选择，我们认为，应该从两方面考虑：一是难度适中，即从自己的实际水平出发，选择难易程度适合的材料。材料难度太大，会丧失信心、失去兴趣，产生恐惧感；过于简单，易盲目乐观、缺少压力，不利于提高。可以从三个方面把握难度：语速快慢；篇幅长短；题材和体裁。关于语速，笔者不赞成从慢速材料听起，而是强调坚持听正常速度的录音。可以在用词范围、篇幅及材料体裁、
10、题材上降低难度，最好不要以牺牲语速来求得理解上的轻松。因为我们毕竟最终目的是要听懂自然语速的交流，况且流畅的语流可强制性刺激大脑快速反应，迫使听者全神贯注，专心致志。这样做最初考生可能感到不适应，听不懂，但多听几遍，连续听一段时间，就会有明显进步。二是录音材料的种类。现在市场上录音材料一种是教材中阅读课文的录音带，第二种是听力教材的录音带，属于专门用来训练听力技能的录音，其特点是，从练习语音开始，分步骤、按阶段、循序渐进、系统完整，既有讲解又有练习，还总结归纳方法技巧，并按题材分单元逐个训练，适于学生从低到高，由易到难，打好扎实的基础，逐步提高水平。上述任何一种材料都可以从某一个角度对考研听力
11、起一定的作用，但都不能说与考研听力复试吻合，根本的还是应该从提高听力水平入手。复试中的口试要求从以下三个方面进行评价：1、语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性）2、话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等）3、语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适应） 评价成绩为：a优秀-能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难b良好-能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流c及格-能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流d不及格-不具有口头表达
12、能力口试内容与结构 分为两部分，有两名教师参加口试工作，一名教师主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分；另一名教师专事评分，不参与交谈。两名口试教师所给的分数各占口试成绩的50%。 第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3分钟）。 第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。考生从所给你的问题中选择一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法（3分钟）。口试用材料（部分,仅供参考） part Ainterlocutor(问话者)：-good morning. my name is ,and this is my colleague.he is just going to listening
13、 to us .are your name is.?-first of all, wed like to know sth. about you, so im going to ask some questions about yourself.(从以下各项问题中选择几个适当的问题提问考生)-hometownwhere are you from?how long have you lived there?how do you like it? why?do you live near here? where about?what do you think are the good points
14、 about living in this city?-familycould you tell us sth. about you family?what does your family usually do for the weekend?what do you think about living together with your parents?-leisuredo you have any hobbies?how did you become interested in the hobbies?-study/workwhy do you choose to study at o
15、ur institute?why do you want to go to graduate school instead of finding a job?what are your favorite subjects?what kind of job did you do?have you ever worked during the vacation?why do you want to go back to study instead of going on with your work?what qualifications are needed in order to do you
16、r job well?what did you enjoy most about your campus life?-future planswhat do you expect to achieve during your study if you are enrolled into this institute?do you think english is important for your future plans? in what aspects is it important?part binterlocutor(问话者)：-now id like you to talk abo
17、ut sth. for about 3 minutes.here is a list of topics(将一组话题或问题递给学生)，pls read the topics and choose one from the list you like to talk about. youll have 5 minutes to prepare for your talk.(5 分钟后)could you tell me what you want to talk about? all right, youll have 3 minutes to give your talk. would you
18、 begin?(the interloculor may intervene only when necessary)topics/questions(只列举了一部分话题)-give your comment on the statement that “a part-time job is an important experience that every college student should have.”-use specific examples to set forth your views on the saying “haste makes waste”.-describ
19、e one of your own experiences to demonstrate that “nothing ever becomes real till it is experienced”-explain your understanding of the conventional belief that “age brings wisdom”-what are the current problems of college education? how to resolve them?-some people say there is no absolute truth beca
20、use “truth” is defined by people and there is no objectivity whenever people are involved. does absolute truth exist or not ?why? 对策:1. 自我介绍(self-introduce) Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is *, 24. I come from *,the capital of *Province.
21、 I graduated from the * department of *University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been prepareing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *in NO.*middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a
22、chance to be interview by you . I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngers.I like reading books, especially those about *.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,dur
23、ing my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparative good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our c
24、ountrys team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study * in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance *. 2.考研原因 (reasons for my choice)There are several reasons.I have been deeply
25、impressed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer. In my opinion, as one of the most famous *in our country, it provide people with enough room to get further enrichment . This is the first reason. The second one is I am long for doing research in *throughout my life. Its a pleasure
26、to be with my favorite *for lifetime. I suppose this is the most important factor in my decision. Thirdly, I learnt a lot from my *job during the past two years. However, I think further study is still urgent for me to realize self-value. Life is precious. It is necessary to seize any chance for sel
27、f-development, especially in this competitive modern world. In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here. 3.研究生期间你的计划 (plans in the postgraduate study) First, I hope I can form systematic view of *. As for *, my express wish is to get
28、a complete comprehension of the formation and development as well as *. If possible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree. In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after two years study here. (简单了一些,望高手补充)4 .介绍你的家乡(about hometown) I am from Fuzhou
29、, a famous city with a long history over 2,200 years. It is called “Rong Cheng ” because there were lots of banians even 900 years ago. The city lies in the eastern part of the province. It is the center of politics, economy and culture. Many celebrities were born here, for instance, Yanfu, Xie Bing
30、xin, Lin Zexu and so on . . You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”. I think the city really deserves it. The top three artware are Shoushan Stone, cattle-horn combs and bodiless lacquerware. In addition, it is famous for the hot springs. Theyare known for
31、high-quality. Visitors athome and abroad feel it comfortable bathing here.There is my beloved hometown. 5.你的家庭(about family) There are four members in my family; my parents, my cute cat of 9 years old andme. My father is a technician in the Fujian TV station. He often goes out on business. So most of the housework is done by my industrious mom. Climbing at weekends is our common interest. The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredness. They can strengthen our relation, too.During my prepareing for coming here,my parentslove
