1、高考英语语法复习专题精讲精练 动词和动词短语高考英语语法复习专题（动词和动词短语） 重点知识归纳一、动词的分类种类语法意义按性质分类实义动词及物和不及物表示动作或状态，在句中独立做谓语。及物动词后须跟宾语；不及物动词不跟宾语，要跟宾语时要加介词。What did you think of her speech? She _for one hour but didnt _ much.A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say【解析】答案为B。speak作不及物动词，意为“说、发言、演讲”；speak作及物动词时意为“讲某种语
2、言”；say 作及物动词，意为“说、讲”，后接宾语。句意：她讲了一个小时，但并没有说出多少（事）。连系动词本身有一定的词义，不能独立做谓语，须与表语一起构成复合谓语。连系动词可以细分为表示“是”的be动词，根据主语有各种形式；表示“感觉”的连系动词。如：look, feel, smell, taste, sound等；表示“变得、变成”的连系动词。如become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come等；表示“结果”的连系动词。如turn out, prove等；表示“仍然”的连系动词。如remain, stand, stay, keep等；表示“似乎、好像”的连系动
3、词。如seem, appear, look等。Emergency line operators must always _ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help. A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay【解析】答案为D。become, grow表示状态的变化，stay calm 保持冷静，沉着。注意：绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词，在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。 good, the food has been sold out.A. Tasted
4、B. Having been Tasted C. Tasting D. To taste【解析】答案为C。本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话，就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动词，应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语。用来表示否定，疑问，时态等语法形式。助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语），常见的有：be(am, is, are),do(does, did);have(has);will, would, shall情态动词本身有一定意义，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化，常用来表示说话
5、人的语气和情态。常见的有can(could),may(might),must, shall(should)按时限分类延续性和非延续性动词动作可以延续，可以与一段时间连用。如：live, study, work, stay, keep, haveThe evening news comes on at Seven o clock and _ only thirty minutes.A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts【解析】答案为答案为D。根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留
6、，保存”；continue意为“继续”； last“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续30分钟。”可知，正确选项为D。二、动词短语的构成结 构例 题动词+副词Dont be so discouraged. If you such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away【解析】答案为D。carry on意为“开展、进行”；get back意为“取回，拿回”；break down意为“分解、崩溃”。put away除了有“把收起、放好”的意思
7、外还有“储存、抛弃、放弃”的意思。句意：别那么垂头丧气的。如果你抛弃这种情绪（而振作起来），下次你就会做得更好。I was still sleeping when the fire _,and then it spread quickly. A. broke out B. put out C. came out D. got out【解析】答案为A。break out意为“发生”符合题意；put out意为“扑灭”；come out意为“出版、出现、出来”；get out意为“（拿）出来”。句意：火灾发生时，我还在睡觉，然后火势很快蔓延开来。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开She
8、turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.她把它们送掉了。动词+介词Once a decision has been made，all of us should _it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to【解析】答案为B。stick to意为“坚守（规则、诺言等）”Its the present situation in poor areas that _much hi
9、gher spending on education and training.A. answers for B. provides for C. calls for D. plans for【解析】答案为C。call for意为“要求”；answer for意为“负责”；provide for意为“供养，为做好准备”；plan for意为“为作计划/打算”。动词+副词+介词I dont _rock n roll. Its much too noisy for my taste.A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for【解析】答案为
10、D。 go in for意为“喜欢”；go after意为“追求”；go away with意为“随身带走”；go into意为“从事、参加”。Why do we have to _Joans selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.A. keep up with B. catch up with C. put up with D. come up with【解析】答案为C。keep up with意为“跟着、跟上”；catch up with意为“赶上”；put up with意为“忍受”；come up with意为“想出
11、、提出”。动词+名词+介词You cant imagine what difficulty we had _home in the snowstorm.A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking【解析】答案为D。考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.短语的变式运用。difficulty在句中充当先行词，其后为定语从句。动词反身代词介词She devoted herself _ the problems of the teenagers.A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to
12、studying【解析】答案为D。devote oneself to意为“专心，致力于，献身”。to为介词。考点聚焦说明：这一讲不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容（这部分请参看后面有关的各讲的内容）。考点1 实义动词意义的辨析William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight Was beginning to . A. disappear B. fall C. fail D. damage【解析】答案为C。disappear意为“消失，不复存在”；fall意为“降落，跌倒，降低”；fai
13、l 意为“(指健康)衰退, 衰弱”；damage意为“损害，毁坏，加害于”。句意：William 发现阅读越来越困难了，因为他的视力开始衰退。Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also _our thinking.A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve【解析】答案为B。direct意为“指示，指引，导演（戏剧或电影），指挥（管弦乐队）”；limit意为“限制”；change意为“改变”；improve意为“改进，改善”。根据句中bu
14、t的转折，选B。句意：如果我们想要获得成功，知识和学习很重要。但是它们或许会限制我们的思维。考点2 实义动词的固定搭配You are old enough to _your own living. A. win B. gain C. take D. earn【解析】答案为D。句意：你已经到了可以自己谋生的年龄了。earn ones living意为“挣钱；维持生计”，为固定搭配，还可以说“make ones living”。Mary, I _John of his promise to help you. A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised【解析】
15、答案为B。句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。remind of意为“就提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起”；warnof意为“就警告(某人)”。With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared 【解析】答案为B。题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B项。 The card reads: “Dear Mom and Dad, they are _ ev
16、eryone write home. Love, Joey.”A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making 【解析】答案为D。分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除A项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除B项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为D。 考点3 连系动词的运用 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease rem
17、ains_. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see 【解析】答案为B。题意为“这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察”。由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在B和D中间；“the effect”和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared【解析】答案为C。“got” 作系动词时，表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“chang
18、ed”是实义动词，不能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕；“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。考点4 短语动词的辨析 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic. A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out【解析】答案为B。put off意为“推迟”；speed up意为“加快”；turn on意为“打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）”；work out意为“算出，实现”。句意：他们正在拓宽桥梁以加快交通流量。You look upset.
19、 Whats the matter? I had my proposal _ again. A. turned over B. turned on C. turned off D. turned down【解析】答案为D。turned over是“翻书，翻身，翻倒” 的意思；turned on是“开” 的意思；turned off 是“关” 的意思；turned down是“拒绝”的意思。根据句意，应该是“我的建议遭到拒绝”。He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night
20、. A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【解析】答案为D。put down意为“放下，平定，镇压，记下”；put off意为“推迟”；put on意为“穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加”；put up意为“举起，建立，张贴，投宿”。根据句意选D。句意：他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.A. take down B. bring
21、down C. hand down D. tear down【解析】答案为B。 take down意为“记下，拿下，拆除；拆卸”；bring down意为“使降下来，减少，打倒，击败”；hand down意为“把传下去，留给”；tear down意为“拆毁，撕毁”。根据后面的“以保持市场的稳定”选择B。句意：政府已采取措施使日常用品的高物价下降以保持市场的稳定。You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A. run out B. break out C. work out D. put out【解析】答案为C。
22、run out意为“耗尽”；break out意为“打破，爆发”；work out意为“算出，实现”；put out意为“扑灭”。句意：你无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean.A. come up with B. put up with C. turn to D. stick to【解析】答案为B。句意为“房子里东西凌乱我能忍，但是脏我讨厌。”come up with意为“想出，提出”；put up with意为“忍受, 容忍”；turn to意为“转向，翻到（
23、书的页数），求助于，(使)变成”；stick to意为“坚持，紧跟，粘住，忠于”。仿真演练1.Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was with a magnificent view.A. awarded B. admired C. rewarded D. impressed 2.Do you think the Internet will finally_ newspapers? No one knows for sure.A. replace B. escape C. support D. cover3.The successful lau
24、nch of Tiangong-1 on Sept. 29th a significant step in Chinas plan to build a space station. A. signaled B. marked C. signed D. proved4.One valuable tip for graduates is that first impressions during a job interview really .A. apply B. function C. award D. count 5.The mother opened the door quietly s
25、o as not to the sleeping baby.A. upset B. interrupt C. disturb D. release6.The new movie_ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time. A promises B. agrees C. pretends D. intends7.According to a recent survey, too much pressure and long working hours are _ many peoples health. A. hurting B. in
26、juring C. ruining D. deserting8.Children should be encouraged to try new things but should not be too hard.A. drawn B. stroke C. rushed D. pushed9.The company needs to improve its communication system to show that it _ all its staff. A. consults B. values C. educates D. attaches10.In different langu
27、ages, the same idea is often _ in different ways.A. instructed B. suggested C. expressed D. supposed11.The government _air quality in urban areas from levels one to five; excellent, fairly good, slightly polluted, poor and dangerous. A. classifies B. arranges C. distributes D. divides12.You cant see
28、 well through a telescope unless it is_ correctly to your sight. A. accustomed B. adjusted C. admitted D. adopted 13.My naughty son broke my favorite album. I was about to _ _ when my wife calmed me down. A. erupt B. explode C. promote D. ignore14.The cars give off a great deal of waste gas in the s
29、treets. Yes. But Im sure something will be done to _ air pollution. A. collect B. warn C. remove D. reduce15.“Stop thief! Stop thief!” But the thief was _ by the crowd and we lost sight of it.A. drowned B. swallowed C. caught D. stopped16.Though having lived in Australia for 6 years，Mr. Want still t
30、he traditional customs.A. performs B. observes C. possesses D. supports17.In recent years, parents have been _ a great deal of importance to the education of their children.A. attaching B. attracting C. attacking D. assigning 18.Her health_ under the pressure of work and she had to stay in hospital for a month. A. picked up B. broke down C. gave in D. showed off19.You were so careless to a whole
