1、在问句中,shall常用于第一人称,表示建议、征求对方意见或询问某一种情况。如:The Greens will come to visit the Great Wall next week.下周格林一家将来参观长城。Shall we have a farewell party for the exchange students this evening?That sounds great.今晚我们为来交换的留学生举行个告别晚宴,好吗?好极了。2. be going to动词原形A.表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事,主语通常指人。 Are you going to write to
2、 your friend in the USA this Saturday?本周六你打算给你美国的朋友写信吗?B.表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。 Look at these black clouds in the sky . I think its going to rain soon. 看天上的乌云。我认为快要下雨了。【触类旁通】其它表示一般将来时的表达法:1.be to+动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作,表示可能或一定会发生某事,常表示“职责、意图、约定”,有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。
3、Little Tom is to come to play computer games with me this evening.今晚小Tom回来和我一起玩电脑游戏。2.be about to+动词原形表示即将要发生的事,意为“正要做某事、正准备做某事”,但该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连。Dont do you homework now. We are about to have lunch.不要再做作业了。我们马上就要吃饭了。3. bev. ing 表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示一般将来时,但这种结构只适用于表示位置移动的动词,即通常所说的瞬间动词:go , come , le
4、ave,start , arrive , move , return 等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。Millie, will you please answer the telephone?No problem. I am coming soon.Millie,请接下电话好吗?没问题。我就来。4.用一般现在时表示按规定或时间表预计要发生的事,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。The train leaves Nanjing for Beijing at 19:55 this evening. 火车今晚19:55从南京开往北京。5.在由“if , when ,
5、 as soon as , until , till , after , before”等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时(不能使用be going to结构),从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。I will give you a call as soon as my mother comes back tomorrow.明天我妈妈一回来我就打电话给你。【拓展延伸】will / shall+动词原形 & be going to+动词原形的异同点两者都可用来表示即将发生的事情或将来的意图。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中,两者有时可换用。Therell (is going
6、 to) be a football match in our school next week . 下周我校将举行一场足球赛。但:1、若强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,用be going to;若表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则用will。Mary is in hospital, Millie. Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her.Millie,玛丽住院了。啊,真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。(临时想法,不能用be going to)Yes, I know. Im going to visit her
7、tomorrow.” 我知道,我打算明天去看看她。 (事先考虑的意图,不能用will)2、若指迹象表明要发生某事,用be going to;表示说话者认为或相信要发生某事则用will。Its very dark and cold . Its going to snow .天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。Im sure hell be back in an hour . 我确信他一小时后会回来。3、will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。Please dont walk on the grass again . 请不要再践踏草坪了。Sorry, I wont do it again
8、. 对不起,我不会了。4、be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。Ill travel to the moon one day . 我有朝一日到月球上旅行。5、在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,用will,常见的结构是:Will you please (not)do something? 如:Will you please help me carry these heavy boxes into the ground floor?请帮我把这些重盒子拿到一楼好吗?【中考链接】1. Will
9、 you be free this Saturday afternoon? _Ill have to take part in the writing competition.A. I am not afraid.B. I am afraid not.C. I am afraid so.D. I am not afraid so.2.Will you please fly a kite with me in the park this afternoon?_. I will visit my grandparents in my hometown.A. I think so B. Id like to C. Im afraid not D. Im afraid so3.There is somebody at the door. _I go and see who it is?A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Would4.Shall I help you move the desk to the corner? _. I can do it myself. A. No, thanks B. Not at all C. Of course D. Never mindKey:1-4BCAA3