1、1.（天津）Myroomisamess,butI_clean it before I go outtonight. I can do it in themorning.A. darent 【答案】C【解析】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。2.（2017江苏卷） _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome herdifficulty.A. It were 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语
2、气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。3.（2017江苏） _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome herdifficulty.A. It were 【答案】BB. Were itC. It wasD. Was itB. Were itC. It wasD. Was itB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt4.（2017北京）If the new saf
3、ety system _ to use, the accident would never havehappened.A. had been put 【答案】A【解析】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。B. were putC. should be putD. would be put5.（2016浙江，15）_（have）the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS relat
4、ed deaths would not have fallen since their highest in2005. 【答案】Had【解析】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。6.（2016北京，34）Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you _（tell）me，I could havehelped.7.（2016浙江，
5、17） George cant _（go）toofar.His coffee is stillwarm. 【答案】have gone【解析】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。cant have done是对过去的否定推测。8. This does not mean that we have to write or call our friends everyday.It does mean，however，that we totime. 【解析】考查情态动词。根据语境特别是前面的have to可知，此处需要一个情态动词，should应该，语气合适；如用must，语气太强；may/
6、can语气太弱。【答案】should9. I was really happy to be writing a detectivestory.But after the first few pages，I just write anymore. 【解析】考查情态动词。写了几页之后，我就再也写不出来了。此处表达过去的能力。【答案】couldnt10. Im Captain JohnBlanchard.You be MissHollis.I am glad to meet youhere. care enough about our friends to find out how they are
7、 doing from time【解析】考查情态动词。你一定是Hollis女士。根据语境可知此处要用must表示肯定推测。【答案】must11. He walked in as if he was from New YorkCity. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。在人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应用 （buy） the school，and the word quickly got around that he虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。【答案】had bought12. I recommend that you （try）B.【解析】考查虚拟
8、语气。recommend, suggest, request, command等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should 动词原形，should可省略。【答案】（should） try13. Tom：Sandy.It seems that only half of the students passed the finalexam. Sandy：Really?The exam have been very difficult thistime.【解析】考查情态动词。答句意为“这次的考试一定很难”。must have done肯定，表示对过去的肯定猜测。【答案】must14. Its a pi
9、ty you were late，otherwise you （see） the film star Rain fromKorea.【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据otherwise判断此处是含蓄型的虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟时，主句用would have done。【答案】would have seen15. All the students with fluvirus. put on masks before going to school in case they are infected【答案】shall16. Had the government limited the sales of
10、cars much earlier，traffic jam and pollution not be so seriousnow. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句尾有now，即主句是对现在的虚拟，应该使用would 动词原形。【答案】would17. If you will stay here longer，youmay.But you leave before thisweekend.【解析】考查情态动词。根据but可知，此处强调说话人主观上认为“必须”做某事，要求对方必须在周末前离开。must必须。【答案】must易错起源1、情态动词的词汇义辨析例1I friendly tome.【解析】句意：
11、在来到新学校前我本不必担心，因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。neednt have done.本不必做的事做了。【答案】neednt 【名师点睛】情态动词的基本用法I.can（could）1.表示体力或脑力方面的能力，或根据客观规定律能做某事的能力，意思是“能够”。can表“能够”时，既可指将来，也可指现在。be able to在表示能力时与can同义，但可用:于各种时态，强调通过努力克服困难成功地做某事，相当managed to do或succeeded indoing.例如:No one can （is able to） finish such a difficultth
12、ing. He can speakEnglish. I can go therenow. With the help of the fire men ,the the trapped peopel was able to leave the burning buildung（不能用could）2.表示许可、允许，在疑问句中表示“请求，许可”，否定句中表示“不许”，此时可与may通采用，有时cannot可以表示“禁止”，相当于“mustnt”,例如: May（Can）I help you?That sort of thing cant go on !You cant （ mustnt, are
13、not allowed to ） play computer gamesagain.3.表示推测，强调客观可能性“可能、会”，can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示猜测时，情态动词后可用进行式或完成式。There comes aman. Who can it be?It must be our Englishteacher. No, it cant behim. He has gone to America!He cant have gone therealone.4.could表示“能力”“可能性”“许可”，为can的过去式。一般用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，此时can，could并没有时间
14、上的差别，只是could的语气更客气些。回答时用原形回答。Could I borrow your English dictionary?have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are veryOf course youcan. Goahead. .may,might（ might为may的过去式）1.表示许可，有“可以”的意思，询问或说的一件事可不可以做，有时可以用can互换。其否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not =mustnt代替，may用于疑问句中，回答这种
15、问题时，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免显得口气太严峻或不客气。例如: Mum, may I go to the cinema tonight?Yes, youmay. （No, you mustnt/ youd betternot. ） 比较:Yes, please/please dont.2.表推测、或许、可能的意思，表示一件事或许会发生，只用在陈述包中。例如: Her parents may come to see hertomorrow.3.may句式用来表示祝愿。例如: May you succeed!= I hope you maysucceed. May you be happ
16、y, healthy and wealthy!4.might是may的过去式，表示可以做的事或可能发生的事；主句谓语动词是过去时态时用might不用may。might一般用于比may的口气委婉，或表示现实的可能性更小一些的语境中. 例如: Our teacher suggested a few books which I mightbuy. I wonder if I might buy some sugarnow. .must1.表示必须要做的事，意为“必须”，否定式mustnt表示“不应该，不许可，禁止”等。因此，在回答带有must的问句时，不用mustnt，而用neednt或donhav
17、eto.例如: Must I hand in the paper now?Yes,youmust. No,you neednt./you dont haveto.2.must在表示“必须”时与have to相近，have to比较强调客观的需要，must着重主观看法。另外must不像have to那样能有更多的时态。例如: Tom, you must stay athome. （命令或叮嘱） I have to stay at home to look after mybaby. （客观需要）3.表推测，暗含很大的可能性，意为“一定”只用于“肯定句”中。例如:I think there mus
18、t be amistake.4.偏偏、硬要、干嘛（指做令人不快的事）。例如: Hey, beys Must you shout so loudly?.Shall1.用于二、三人称陈述句中。表示说话人给对方的命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。在疑问句中，表示征询听话人是否愿意。例如: You shall have my answertomorrow. （允许） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tellyou. （警告） You shall do as I tellyou. （命令或分咐） Shall you go with me?（征询意见）2.用于一
19、、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例如: Shall we begin our class?When shall my father be able to leave hospital?V. should和ought to should表示劝告、建议常作“应当”讲，与ought to有时可互换，ought to更注重一些责任义务。should表示预测可能性，并译作“可能，（按道理）应该”；而ought to则表示非常可能。Should用于委婉、谦逊地提出意见或建议，ousht to可表示因责任、义务等该做的事。例如: We should （ought to） help
20、each other inwork.（ ought to的语气要强） They should come herenow. （按道理应该到了） I am your teacher, I ought to help with yourstudy.（表示有这个责任） .will和would will可以表示意愿、意志和决心，适用于各种人称。可以用来表示各种倾向或习惯动作。有时还用来表示“难免”。其过去式是would，也可以是单独的情态动词，在表示委婉提出请求、建议或看法时，语气比will委婉，肯定的回答时用will。例如: Dontworry. He will do hisbest. Where t
21、here is a will, there will be asuccess.（表示习惯） Accident willhappen. （ 难免 ） Would you please do me a favor?易错起源2、情态动词对话情景中的用法例2Sorry, Mum!I failed the job interviewagain. Oh, its toobad.You have made fullpreparations.【答案】should 【名师点睛】情态动词中三组表达方式的用法区别1.would与used to的区别。在表示过去重复的习惯时，used to可用Would代替。used
22、 to强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有“过去怎样，而现在却不这样了”的含义；而Would则单纯表示过去的习惯动作，常与often，everyday连用，当只是表示过去的状态时，只能用usedto. 例如: They would have a drind in the bar atnoon. Thy used to have a drink in the bar atnoon.（现在右能不了） China is not what it used tobe.（表示对比，不能用would） Every evening,she would sit in frnt of the door to wait
23、 for her son .（表示过去的习惯动作，不能用used to） They used to be a temple on the to of themountain.（表示过去的状态，不能用would）2.表示“宁愿做某事”时，有下列句式结构: would rather do something would dosth. rather than dosth. Would rathersb. didsth. prefer to dosth. Prefer to dosth. Rather than dosth. prefer to dosth. to doingsth. 【锦囊妙计，战胜
24、自我】情态动词否定式所表达的含义may not,might not或许不，可能不cant can not（= be not able to）不能说cant,can not不可能may not,cant, can not, mustnt （= be not allowed to）不许可needt（= dont have to）不必shouldnt,oughtnt to （= be not supposed to）不应该易错起源3、情态动词+have例3You beCarol.You havent changed a bit after all theseyears.【解析】句意：你一定是Caro
25、l，这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定，表示推测，符合句意。【答案】must 【名师点睛】“情态动词 +过去分词”用法1.must have done表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”。例如: It must have rained last night, for the ground was quitemuddy. The lights wereout. They must have beenasleep.2.maymight have done表示对过去已经发生行为韵推测；意思是“也许；或许、已经（没有）”。一般只用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用m
26、ight表示语气更加不肯定。例如: Its toolate. I think he may have gone tobed. He may not have finished thework. She might have caught acold.3.might have done表示“本来可能；”，但实际上没有发生的事情。还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”的意思；有轻微的责备语气。例如: You should not have swum in thatriver. You might have been eaten byfish. You might have given him more
27、 help, though you werebusy.4.could have done用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”的意义，也可以表示过去没有实现的可能性，意思为“本来可以”。例如: You could have done better, but you were toocareless. I went to New York last summer and stayed at a hotel, but I could have stayed with mybrother. I saw his father justnow. He couldnt have gone to Shanghai.
28、5.shouldougt to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，但实际上没做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。例如: You should/ ought to have come to the meetingearlier. He ought not to have treated his parents likethat.6.neednt have done表示本来不必去做的事但做了。但是didnt need to表示”没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。例如: You neednt have taken a taxi here, for it was very near
29、to myhouse. I didnt need to clean theroom. My mother didit. 【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】 canhave done和can not have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如: He cannot have taken away themagazine. Can he have gone home?易错起源4、虚拟语气的一些特殊句式例4 If I （see）it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believedit.【答案】hadnt seen 【名师点睛】虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况1.if省略句在条件句中，可省略if把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如: Should it （If it should） rain tomorrow;we w
