1、infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 -initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动
2、资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金 buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-fina
3、ncing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户 （美作:checking account）current-account holder 支票帐户 （美作:checking-account holder）cheque 支票 （美作:check）bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票travellers cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 （美作:checkbook）endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money
4、 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 （美作:bill）to pay （in） cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exch
5、ange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款 depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation （货币）贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易
6、所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面
7、价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券wall street 华尔街 short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人b
8、orrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金
9、,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会
10、负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率incr
11、ease in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax coll
12、ector 收税员国民生产总值 gnp （gross national product） 人均国民生产总值 per capita gnp 产值 output value 鼓励 give incentive to 投入 input 宏观控制 exercise macro-control 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 输入活力 bring vigor into 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control
13、inflation 非公有成分 non-public sectors 主要成分 dominant sector 实在的 tangible 全体会议 plenary session 解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 举措 move 实事求是 seek truth from facts 引进、输入 importation 和平演变 peaceful evolution 试一下 have a go （at sth.） 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 家
14、庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 搞活企业 invigorate enterprises 商品经济 commodity economy 基石 cornerstone 零售 retail 发电量 electric energy production 有色金属 nonferrous metals 人均收入 per capita income 使负担 be saddled with 营业发达的公司 going concerns 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 善于接受的 receptive
15、增额、增值、增长 increment 发展过快 excessive growth 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted（excluded） 实际增长率 actual growth rate 国际收支 international balance of payments 流通制度 circulation system 总工资 total wages 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 管理不善 poor management 农业 farming
16、林业 forestry 畜牧业 animal husbandry 副业 sideline production 渔业 fishing 第一产业 primary industry 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 公有制 public ownership 私有制 private ownership 全民所有制 ow
17、nership by the entire/whole people 社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points
18、以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the peoples democratic dictatorship and to marxism-leninism and ma
19、o zedong thought - and persisting in reform and opening. 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。 reform is the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。the criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of
20、socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards. 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。the main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the eliminatio
21、n of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity. 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。to warn people of the influence of both the right and the left deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted influence. 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。china needs to be vigilan
22、t against the right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the deviation. 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy. 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。as the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory
23、 state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged. 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 经济结构改革。reform in economic
24、 structure 剩余劳动力。surplus labor 经营机制 operative mechanism 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 取
25、消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the states monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 the basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization. 逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、
26、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the countrys industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn china into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy. 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。the basis of the socialist economic s
27、ystem is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people. 国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。the state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy. 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。the state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. -
